Biography
I-Lukino Wisconti-UMlawuli we-Italiyane wethiyetha kunye ne-cinema, i-filmography yayo enemisebenzi engama-37. Udumo lomculi wobugcisa wazisa iitshane "," roca kunye nabantakwabo "kunye" nomfanekiso wosapho embindini ".
I-Lukino Wisconti yazalwa ngoNovemba 2, 1906 eMilan. Utata womlawuli, nguDule waseGiuseppe Wisconti di MODRON, wayesaziwa kubahlali bendawo njengomxhasi weqonga. Umama womsebenzi wobugcisa, uKarl Engba, wavela entsatsheni, wayetyebile ngenkcitho yeshishini lamayeza.
Kuyaziwa ukuba, ukongeza kwi-Lukino, abazali bakwandisa abantwana abasixhenxe, nganye engazange inikwe kwaye inyanzelekile ukuba ihlale intetho okanye umculo. UMlawuli kwiSizwe seSibini kule minyaka imbalwa wafunda umdlalo kwi-Cello.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba utata kwiinkedama zatyalwa ezingqondweni zeentombi nangoonyana ukuba kweli lizwe kuya kufuneka baphumelele kubunzima kwaye emva koko.
Ukusuka kwi-biegraphy ye-quinematographer, iyaziwa ukuba emva kokufumana isatifikethi malunga nemfundo ephakathi yeWisconti, kwingcebiso yomncedisi wefashoni, owadubula ifilimu "kuloo nto ixesha. Umsebenzi eRenura waba sisiqalo kumsebenzi we-Lukino.
Kuyinyani, iinyanga ezimbalwa emva kwePrimeere, iziko le-vindol visconti yayikwinqanaba lokunganyangeki kwe-sfallcist. Wagqobhoza endlwini yakhe abantu basukela amaFama afumileyo, ade wanceda amajoni omkhosi we-Allies ukuba abaleke ekuthinjweni.
ERoma Lukino, iGestapo yabanjwa yakuphepha ukubulawa ngokungummangaliso. Ngo-1945, yena, kunye nezinye ii-quinetographegraphok, wakhupha i-rekhodi kwimemori yokunganyangeki kwe-anti-sfallcist - "imihla yozuko".
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwanangaphambi kokuphela kwemfazwe, iWisconti yaqulunqa umsebenzi okhawulezayo njengoMlawuli wethiyetha. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1945 ukuya kuFebruwari 1947, wafaka imisebenzi engamashumi elinanye kwibala le-Itali.
Ngo-1946, uLukino wawenza eyakhe i-thaupe ehlala isigxina kwiholo yemidlalo yeqonga laseRoma "uEliseyo". Ngenxa yoko, "uEliseo", owabakho iminyaka elishumi elinambini yemidlalo yeqonga yase-Italiya, waluqikelela uvavanyo lwexesha.
Ngokuka-Visconti ngokwakhe, kwimidlalo yayo ezukileyo ye-1940s, abaphulaphuli babenemvakalelo yento entsha, engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga wokwenyani kunye nokwenza uphunyezwe ngokoqobo.
Iifilimu
Kuqala umboniso "obsession" ( "ekubeni"), ngubani yapapashwa ngo-1942, yaba ukuvavanyela of inoveli Yakobi Kane kaThixo "Le iminxeba ngunoposi kabini." Ngokuchasene imvelaphi "imikhosi" bhanya walawula ngexesha i "imikhosi" bhanya, ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye impindezelo kwabonakala azakubalulwa ngendlela engqongqo, kungekhona umfanekiso yahonjiswa ye esasingqiba waseItali, loo ngento ongemhle kunye ithambeka eziyolweni.
Ngo-Agasti 1948, umboniso "Umhlaba Shardit" Wayemelwe yi abaphulaphuli kwi yelo Film Festival. Lo mfanekiso sayibetha yonke into esendle intlanganisela ngayo ukunyaniseka kunye nesidima eliphezulu zemibongo.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngokudubula eshukumayo, Wisconti wayesoloko phina iphefumlelwe kwindawo yokubonela. Ukubeka e La Scala, opera trichat Gaspare Spontini "West, umlawuli wadala film" Feeling "(1954), apho kuye kwacaca ngokwayo kubalulekile Lukino umxholo ukungaphikisani phakathi egoism inkanuko kunye nezithethe yokuziphatha yoluntu.
Ukuzibona 1957, ibali Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Ubusuku White", Wisconti wafudukela isenzo eItali waza wahlala phantsi ilaphu ifilimu lyricism, game fantasy okhululekileyo theatricalization. Ngo-1960, i-cinematographer wabuyela umxholo isixeko mihla kwi film "uRocco kunye nabazalwana bakhe," xa neorealists Italian. Kule filimu, wavusa ingxaki zentlalo kwingcamango abasuka kumazantsi eli lizwe kumaziko lezoshishino Italy.
Ngoko mzekelo bayahlelwa kwabazalwana uRocco, Simone, Vincenzo, Chiro noLuka ukubonisa ubomi abavela lula ngelo xesha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inani ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yale umboniso bobabo abadlali Anni Girardo (Nadia), Alain Delon (uRocco) kunye Renato Salvatori (Simone), ogqibeleleyo abanyamezela iindima zakhe.
Kwakhona kule 1960, Visconti wasebenza uhlobo short film. Ngowe-1961, wazisusa episode "Umsebenzi" kwi Novella Gi de Maupassant "ukulala" kuba film "Bokcchcho-70", yaye ngo-1966 - i "Sordring, watshiswa ephila" kuba film "Witch".
Ngowe-1962, Wisconti wabeka film "Ingwe". Lo mfanekiso, lwafotwa kwinoveli ngu Giuseppe Tomazi di Lampedusa, etha malunga ukwehla welifa blood kunye uphume loohlohlesakhe kwi imeko zembali. Ngowe-1963, i-tape wawongwa eziphambili Prize of the Cannes Film Festival. Enye indlela yokushiywa sodidi usapho linikwa kwi film "Misty Stars of the Big Bears" (1965 - umvuzo ephambili yelo Film Festival), iisimboli epheleleyo kunye nemibutho ezahlukeneyo.
Ngo-1967, i-Lukino yathunyelwa yiRoma Camis "eshukumayo". Ifilimu elandelayo "ukusweleka koothixo" (1969) kwabaliswa yintsapho yamashishini aseJamani, malunga nokuziphatha kweyona ndawo iphambili eluntwini nokufika kwamaFasi.
Kwakuloo nyaka, ingqokelela yeenoveli ezintlanu zenziwe ngabalawuli be-Lukino Viskonti, Mauro Bogna, Pierre Poolini, uFranco Rossi noVittorio De Sika, wakhululwa.
Isibakala sokuba uViconti wayesazi ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye eyiqonda inkcubeko yaseJamani, le misebenzi ilandelayo yomlawuli ibiboniswa ngo: "Ukufa kukaVenice" (1971), uLudwig (1973). Ukukhala kwefilimu yale mifanekiso "ye-rism ye-ramani" yeWisconti.
Ifilimu ethi "Ukusweleka eVenice" wafakwa kwiNoveli eyaziwayo yaseThomas Mann ngo-1971 kwaye wanikwa umvuzo woMnyhadala weCanes. Igqityiwe i-themo ye-themo "yaseJamani" uLudwig "- malunga noKumkani wase-Bavarian, ngelize lizama ukudala uBukumkani obugqibeleleyo.
Umphathi waphupha ngokuguqula "i-ringlogy" yaseJamani, ukukhusela "intaba yomlingo" kaThomas Mann, kwaye ke ugqibe umsebenzi we-binematographic. Kuyinyani, ekuqaleni wabeka ifilimu ye-chard "i-porrait yosapho ngaphakathi" ngenani elincinci labalinganiswa. Iindima eziphambili kwipeyintiweyo zenziwa yiBert Lancaster, Helmut Berger noSilvana mangano. Ekwindla ka-1974, "umzekeliso wosapho embindini" wagqitywa. Iqhawe leteyiphu linengqondo, elihamba, likhetha ukunxibelelana nabantu abaqokelela ipeyinti.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu beWisconti bungabonakali kubo bobabini abalandeli kunye nomona. I-Lukino ayikaze ifihle impilo yakhe yesondo engaqhelekanga.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo intanda yakhe yayiyifoto ye-Pofort P. Ihashe, umzobi wase-Italiyane Franco Dziffidlli, i-actor Helmut Berger. Kwakhona, umgcini-shehlo ngeenyanga ezimbalwa wayezibandakanya ne-Austrian Aristocract ye-IRMA Wia wayi wayi winec.
Ukufa
UWisconti wawushiya umsebenzi emva kokuba ewele kwaye waphula intamo yethanga. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhamba nokulungiselela ukutya kwabo kwigumbi lomculi odumileyo, ngokungaqhelekanga "umsebenzi" womntu kunye nabahlobo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, zazikhona iirekhodi ezithandekayo kunye neerekhodi zomculo ngaphambi kokuphela kweentsuku, ezamkelwe kuphela ebomini bomntu, oboshwe ukulala.
Iingxaki ezibangelwa kukubanda okuqinileyo kuphelile. U-Lukino wasweleka nge-17 kaMatshi, 1976, enexesha lokugqibezela ukudubula kwenoveli yombhali uGabriel D'anzio - "msulwa". Ngaphambi kokuba afe, umphathi omkhulu wanqwenela ukuba umbhalo wakrolwa kwi-tobststi yakhe:
"Wavuma i-Whaiam Shakespeare, uAnton Chenokv kunye ne-Giuseppe Viuseppe."I-filmography
- Ngo-1943 - "Ukuthamba"
- Ngo-1948 - "Umhlaba uyanyikima"
- Ngo-1951 - "Oyena mhle"
- Ngo-1954 - "Imvakalelo"
- Ngo-1957 - "ubusuku obumhlophe"
- Ngo-1960 - "URocula kunye nabantakwabo"
- Ngo-1963 - "Ingwe"
- Ngo-1965 - "Iinkwenkwezi Zokuphambuka kweMalar enkulu"
- Ngo-1967 - "Ukubhinqisa"
- Ngo-1969 - "Ukufa Kokuthixo"
- Ngo-1971 - "Ukufa EVenice"
- Ngo-1972 - "Ludwig"
- Ngo-1974 - "I-Virtira yoSapho embindini"
- Ngo-1976 - "msulwa"