Biography
Umbhali waseBritane Anthony Burges uyaziwa ngabafundi behlabathi liphela njengombhali we-Novel "i-orenji". Isiphelo sombhali, owadala incwadi ye-eccentric malunga ne-Utranasili, yayinzima kakhulu: umfazi wakhe okhulelweyo wadlwengulwa ngeminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJohn Anthony Burges Wilson wazalwa nge-25 kaFebruwari, ngo-1917 hayi kwezona ntsapho zichumileyo. Utata wombhali wexesha elizayo wasebenza njengempelaveki, kwaye ngeempelaveki wahlala phantsi emva kwepiyano kwi-bar yendawo, ukuze okungenani iphawundi yokuphinda ibuyise uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali losapho olungenayo. Umbhali wombhali wenoveli "Ixesha lokucinga" lalinomdla kumculo kwaye likhululekile kwingxaki yasekhaya, ixesha lanika izifundo zegama.
Kuyinyani, ibhubhe ayizange iliva ilizwi elinomzali. Ibhinqa labhubhile ngequbuliso xa kukhutshwa isifo se-subluenic esixekweni. UAnthony ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka emibini ubudala.
Kungekudala intloko yentsapho yangena emtshatweni nomnini webar, awayehlala kuwo. Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi ongakhuselekanga, indoda yaqala ukufumana imali ekuthengiseni icuba kunye necuba.
Ngelixa umama ongumthumeli wenza umfazi obhinqileyo kuye, kwaye utata wachitha, njengoko enako, ukondla usapho, ukukhuliswa kunye nemfundo yemithombo engazange yenziwe. Ayaziwa ukuba i-anthony yayiza kuphuhlisa ukuba ebengakhathali ngumakazi wakhe.
Xa le ndoda ikwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala, intloko yentsapho yafa kwaye umbhali wasala yedwa kwihlabathi elikhulu, elinobutshaba. Kwincoko abameli bosasazo, umbhali wathi ngokuselula ukuba wayengenabahlobo, nobudlelwane obunobuhlobo noontanga babenobunzima.
Esikolweni, lo mfo wayethathwa njengocaphukile. Kuya kwenziwa uluvo olufanayo malunga nayo kwiintsuku zokuqala zoqeqesho, xa kwakufumanisa ukuba uninzi lweendaba ezifunda naye kwakunzima ukuzifunda, kwaye uAnthony wayesazi kakuhle idiploma nemathematics.
Ngelixa ofunda nabo beyityeshele intandokazi yootitshala, ii-ontrensi ezinkqonkqozileyo kwiqela lemigulukudu zihlala zibetha ngenkangeleko yazo. Ukwenzela ukuphazamisa kwiingcinga ezibuhlungu kwaye ungayishiyi intloko yoxinzelelo, uAnthony emva kokuba ephule umculo. Kuyaziwa ukuba ingoma yokuqala etsalela ingqalelo yombhali yayiyeyona nto yayiyinxalenye yomqambi waseFrance uClaude Debussy, emva kwemini iFavna. "
Nangona kunjalo, umculo uhlala uhleli uyinto yokuzonwabisa. Njengesithuba semisebenzi yobuchule, ubushushu bakhetha ukufundisa. Emva kokuphumelela kwikholeji yasekhaya, uAnthony wahlala apho kutitshala kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa wafundisa abafundi isiNgesi noncwadi.
Ixesha elitsha lobomi be-biges laphawulwa ngokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngexesha lenkonzo emkhosini, uAnthony wazibonakalisa njengejoni elingenatyala kakhulu. Wahlala efumana ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuphuma kwempahla.
Le ndoda ilahla i-headress evela kumphathi, emva koko ngenzondelelo enjalo ihlulekile emgangathweni ukuba umntu othile wema njengakwi-ice yakhe. Inkani yaba yeyona misdemeanor ephambili. Ngempelaveki, lo mfana uye watyelela intombi yakhe, uLuela Jones, walibele ukubuya ngexesha elimisiweyo. Phantsi kothinjwe kwenkukhu, kuya kuphengulwa umsebenzi wokukhangela, kodwa kungekudala le ndodana yabonakala kwicandelo lomkhosi.
Uncwadi
Ekuphela komsebenzi weempawu, ezibandakanya uluhlu lwegolide loncwadi lwangaphandle, lwavela ukuba linenoveli "ye-Orenji". Lo msebenzi yi-Antirical Antirical Antirical Antirical Antirical Antirical Antiapia esilixelela ngeqela lemigulukudu abakwishumi elivisayo labo abanokwazisa inkohliso kumabala e-serial masipala.
Njengoko umbhali ngokwakhe wathetha kamva, incwadi yayityhala intlungu. Ukubambelela emsebenzini, umbhali wayefuna ukususa iinkumbulo ezingathandekiyo ezinxulumene nokudlwengulwa komfazi wakhe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokudalwa kwe "Waycking Orange", ibhubhele ityelele iLeningrad, apho wadibana nezitayela. Emva kokunxibelelana nabo, umbhali wasungula "i-nust" yoLwimi lwe-Britane lolutsha, isiseko se-Russital Appersions kunye namagama abhalwe ngu-Russian (i-mass ", inkwenkwe", ye-Korova - inkomo ).
Nangona kunjalo, obunzima obuphambili kubafundi bebungengowaqonde ngawo onke amagama kunye namabinzana, kodwa umbono wenoveli. Umbhali wayekholelwa ukuba kuhle ngokungagungqiyo njengabantu, kunye nokubi okungalunganga.
Ekuqaleni, i "Waycking Orange" iquka iZahluko ezingama-21 zinezahluko ezingama-21 -Bokugqibela, ezona zinto ziphambili zilungisa indlela yakhe yokuphila kwaye zingena kwindlela yokulungiswa. Kuyinyani, omnye wabapapashi baseMelika ekugqibeleni kwabonakala beninzi kakhulu, kwaye wanqamla wenxalenye yokugqibela evela kumbhalo obhaliweyo.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwifom efinyeziweyo "ye-orack orange" ikhuselwe kwaye stanley kuburrick. Ifilimu, ifilwelwe ngokusekwe kulo msebenzi, wabona ukukhanya ngo-1962, kunye nendima ephambili ifumene i-Accocm McDAUUL.
Nge-1962 kwi-zbala ifumene inoveli "imbewu eyayifunwa". Kweli lizwi, ukubhubhisa kwabonisa umbono wakhe wonke, uluchaza ikamva apho abantu beplanethi beyenyuka kakhulu kangangokuba abantu babulawa yindlala, kwaye bantwana bathathwa njengobufazi, kwaye ubufanasini bugqalwa njengento eqhelekileyo.
Kwiminyaka engama-70s ne-80s, uAnthony wapapasha iincwadi ezingama-30, kubandakanya nomsebenzi "womhlaba", abagxeki baqonda inoveli elona libalaseleyo lenoveli. Kuyo, ibali lenziwa egameni lombhali ophumelelayo oneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo oneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo, e-kennet tumi.
Kukholelwa ukuba iprototypetype yophawu oluphambili yayinguMoem weTomerset. Incwadi ikwanazo neenkcazo ezihlekisayo malunga noncwadi olubalulekileyo emhlabeni.
Ngo-1988, isinyithi "samaRoma, isinyithi esirhangqileyo sasipapashiwe, esekwe kwimbali ye-Eccibur. Umsebenzi yintsapho echulumancisayo uSagu, exelela ubomi bezizukulwana ezininzi ze-Welsh engaqhelekanga - i-Russian ".
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1942, uAnthony watshata uLueulela Aschewood Jones. Kungekudala emva kokupheliswa komtshato noLuela, into embi yenzekile: intombazana ekhulelweyo idlwengulwe kwaye yabetha iqela labantwana baseMelika baseMelika baseMelika.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, ii-monster zazifuna ukuphanga ixhoba elingakhuselekanga (nangona umfazi wayenomsesane kuphela ovela kwixabiso elixabisekileyo), kodwa ethwele kangangokuba engayishiyanga indawo yokuhlala enye emzimbeni.
Engonwabanga uLuela waphulukana nomntwana kwaye wawa kuxinzelelo olunzima, olungazange lwaphuma kude kube sekupheleni kweentsuku. Kananjalo, emva kodlwengulo, le ntombazana yaqalisa ukuntshutshiswa rhoqo ukopha, ngenxa yoko waqulunqa iesile.
Umfazi kabhiya ukhathalelwe kwiziselo ezinamandla, ukuba uxhomekeke ngokwenene. Inzame yokukhupha intaba ngotywala yayingunobangela wokufa kukaLuela: Ngo-1968, iqabane likabhaliwe ngo-1968, iqabane lombhali labulawa kwi-cirrhesis yesibindi.
NGOWE-1968, i-Burjassa itshatile okwesibini. Ngeli xesha umfazi wombhali waba yinkosazana e-Itali egama linguLianna. Umfazi onengqiqo weyinyani yokuba umyeni wakhe akaqhelekanga wawusekhaya.
Ngelixa ixhegokazi lakhwela indlu, uAnthony wathabatha inxaxheba kumboniso wentetho, wabhala amanqaku kumaphephandaba aseBritani. Ngo-1970-1971, i-Burjassis yaqala ukufundisa kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton. Ngo-1972, umbhali wakhokelela kwinxalenye ye-GATRI yethiyetha eMinneapolis, kwaye emva kweminyaka emithathu waba ngumhlohli kwiYunivesithi yaseNew Yuffalo.
Ukufa
Kwanangaphambi kokusweleka kukaLuela, iingxaki ngempilo yabapheleleyo kwaye uyaziqhekeza. Kwelinye, hayi umhla obalulekileyo ka-Anthony waphulukana nengqondo ngexesha lentetho. Iziphumo zophando zazidanile: Iibhloko zifumene i-neoplasm engqondweni. Oogqirha babekholelwa ukuba uAnthony akazange aphile ngaphezulu konyaka.
Esi sigqibo sityhalela umbhali ukuya ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yoncwadi ebonakalayo. Wayefuna ukukhululeka usebenzisa imihla yakhe oqalisiweyo kwaye waqala ukubhala ngesantya esiphezulu. Iinoveli zaphuma phantsi kwepeni lakhe kwimicimbi.
Ngenxa yoko, kwavela ukuba ogqirha babephoxekile, kwaye uAnthony wasweleka kwiminyaka engama-33 (Novemba 22, 1993) emva koogqirha bammisa isifo esibulalayo. Kwaye ukufa akubanga ngenxa yokuba ityhefu yengqondo, kodwa ngenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukubhala iincwadi ezingamashumi amahlanu, amakhulu amanye amanqaku, iincwadi zezifundo zabafundi kunye nezifundo ezininzi zobuchule bokuyila uJames Joyce noWilliam Shakespeare.
Bambalwa abantu abazi, kodwa umbhali odumileyo wathanda umculo. Ngokwe-bigographers, kubushushu bemka 175 imisebenzi ethile, apho kukho i-ballet, i-symphony kunye ne-opera.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1949 - "umbono wedabi"
- Ngo-1956 - "Ixesha LE-Tiger"
- Ngo-1958 - "Utshaba Ngaphantsi Kwebhedi"
- Ngo-1960- "Ilungelo Lokuphendula"
- Ngo-1960 - "UGqirha Bolen"
- Ngo-1961 - "Ukuqhubela phambili
- Ngo-1962 - "I-Clopy Orange"
- Ngo-1962 - "Imbewu ethe tyaba"
- Ngo-1963 - "Mnu. Ederby ovela ngaphakathi"
- Ngo-1963 - "sithandwa sebhere"
- Ngo-1976 - "Indlela emide ukuya kwiTea"
- Ngo-1979 - "indoda yaseNazarete"
- Ngo-1988 - "intsimbi, i-rusty iron"