Biography
UZarathustra - Umbingeleli, umprofeti kunye noNoxoyi-mali inkolo yakudala, ebizwa ngokuba yiZoroastrianism. Ngaphandle kwemeko yolwazi malunga nomprofeti, intsomi yakhe kunye neyantlukwano kwibhayilojini, abaphandi abayithandi into yobukho bobudlelane.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwitoliki yomprofeti bomphulaphuli, imihla yokuzalwa kwakhe iya kwahluka, kunye nezikhokelo apho wavela khona. Ngokutsho kwenguqulo enye, uZarathiustra wazalelwa eMpuma Iran, kwidolophu ye-tehran rale phakathi kwe-vii nakwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-6 yenkulungwane ye-BC. E .. Kodwa uhlalutyo lwe-GAT (eyona ndawo iphambili yezicatshulwa ezingcwele zeZorostrians) ibhekisa kwixesha lomsebenzi we-Refmer yinkulungwane ye-XII. BC.
Ababhali behlabathi bakudala babonisa ukuba iZarathustra iphila kumaxesha eTsar Gistaspa, iBhodi yewela kwi-522-48 ye-522-48 ye-BC. I-ER, kodwa ubuzwe boMprofeti bubizwa ngokuba yi-Persian, iPersi, i-Indiya, i-MIDS, ASYRIIN. Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, iZarathustra - amaHudems, iPimfilice okanye umYuda kwiqhayiya leSamariya.
Ababhali be-vintage yamaSilamsi (i-Al-Hamavi kunye nababhali-mbali be-Al-Bruni kunye ne-Al-Briuni kunye nendawo yokuzalwa kweSaint yi-Agrpatena, ilizwe lakudala elikwindawo yaseAzerbaijan esemazantsi. Kwaye iBritish Nora Bois, intatheli kunye nolwaziso lwesayensi kunye nomphandi weZoroastrianism, ndiqinisekile ukuba umfundisi wazalelwa kwidolophu yaseSintangwe-Ngoku i-Chelyabinsk yaseRussia.
Ukuba uyakholelwa kumasango (17 uArshems womprofeti obhekiswe kuThixo), uZarathustra wenzeka kuhlobo lwakudala lwababingeleli. Bazali bakaKrestu, uYise weChrispas, nonina uDudiv, benza oonyana abahlanu ekukhanyeni. Kodwa umntwana uZaratiustra wahlukile kubazalwana: Ukuzalwa, akazange akhale, kodwa ahlekisa, abulale iidemon ezi-2 zokuhleka.
Ngokwesiko elisandula ukuzalwa, lihlanjwe ngeenkomo zomchamo kwaye lihlanjwe kulusu lweegusha. Emva kokwenzeka kukaZaratiustra ngeenxa zonke kuye, uninzi lwemimangaliso lwalujikeleza. Imikhosi emnyama yacaphuka ngamandla enkwenkwe, kodwa babengenako ukuyitshabalalisa: Amandla kaThixo kwakufuneka akhusele umntwana.
Igama lomprofeti liqhelekile ukuba i-Iran yamandulo i-Iran, iqhelekileyo kubahlobo abalula, ibonisa "umnini wecalika endala." Igama lomama - Dugdov (Daidai) - eguqula 'njengentlanzi kaThixo ". Nangona kunjalo, uguqulelo oluvela kwisiGrike lunika igama elihlukileyo lokutolika: IZoroaster ichaza "ukukhanya kwegolide" okanye "inkanyezi yegolide".
Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-7 i-zaptosches kwi-Fienisly. Imfundiso yadluliselwa ngamabali, kuba ngelo xesha i-Iranians ayikwazanga ukubhala. Inkwenkwe ifundela amasiko kunye ne-mantras (isipele), eyayishiya izilumko kwizizukulwana zangaphambili.
Kwiminyaka eli-15 (iminyaka yokuvuthwa) uZaratiustra waba ngumbingeleli, i-mantran - umhlanganisi wee-mantras kunye nokupela. Umfana onesipho somongo kwaye waqamba iingoma kunye neenjineli.
Umprofeti
Ixesha lobomi baseZarathraustra libizwa ngokuba lixesha lokupheliswa kokuziphatha. Ixesha leemfazwe kunye nemibingelelo enegazi, izazi kunye nezithuthi. I-Dramism ilawulwa kwi-Iran - inkolo yamaxesha amaninzi. Abantu bakholelwa koothixo bomlilo (i-AGNI), umoya (hlamba), ulwandle (Varnun). UZarathraustra wazisa u-monotheram kutshintsho lokutshintsha, ukuvakalisa abalumkileyo, iAhura-Mazda - eyona nto iphambili, ukuhambisa intsingiselo yezinye izithixo.
Isiko lithi kwiminyaka engama-20 larathoustasa lasamkela iminqweno yehlabathi kwaye yaba lilungisa. Kwiminyaka elishumi ndibhadula ndikhangela kwisityhilelo sikaThixo, kwaye ndisamkelile, ndangena ebhajethi, njengoko kuchaziwe emasangweni.
Ngosuku lwentwasahlobo, i-Zarathustra yaya emlanjeni ekuseni ukuze ifumane amanzi ukuze ilungiselele iSoma - isiselo esiphekwe sisiko, esiphekiweyo). Isiselo sibangela ukuba ukuqaliswa kokunikezelwa kwaye "ukhuliswe ngemimoya" ngaphezulu kwabantu.
Ukuthatha amanzi acocekileyo ukusuka embindini woMlambo kwaye ubuye elunxwemeni, i-zirathustra ecocekileyo yabona isidalwa esikhanyayo. Lo mbono ucinge ikamva lomprofeti kwaye lakhokelela amanye amanani amathandathu angonwabileyo. Ngenxa yokukhanya, ababuyile, iZarathustra ayizange ibone eyakhe isithunzi. Phakathi kwezithixo, ebizwa ngokuba yikamva lomprofeti, eyona nto yayiphambili yayinguAhure Mazda, lowo uZaraptipra walibiza ngokuba nguMdali, owambiza ngokuba nguThixo.
Emva kwentlanganiso kunye noThixo, uZiathstra ushumayela amaIranans Iminqophiso yakhe. Kungekudala, iZoroastrianism yasasazeka eAfghanistan, ephakathi iAsia naseSouth Kazakhstan, enefuthe kwiinkolo zehlabathi. Ukungalingani kwemfundiso yomprofeti kukuba indlela kuMdali ilele ngobomi obulungileyo kunye neengcinga ezinyulu, kodwa inkolo ayikhanyelanga iziqwenga kunye nemibingelelo.
Ukushumayela uZarathrastra akazange adibane phakathi kwezizwe zokuqonda: Iimbaza (iWest Iran) zayeka inkolo entsha, igcina endala. Emva kokugxothwa kweminyaka eli-10 eNgcwele eyandibhadula kwaye yafumana uvavanyo olunzulu. Kwabantu abanomdla, wafumana empuma yelizwe kwaye wamkelwa ngumlawuli wase-AriesyHinana - uMhlaba ohlala kwintsimi ye-turkmenistan yale turkmenistan kunye ne-afghanistan.
Imibhalo kunye neentshumayelo zarathustra zithinjwe zizikhumba ezingamawaka ezi-12, kunye nencwadi engcwele engcwele- i-Aventa ifakwe kwi-theuter yenkosi. I-Zarathustra ixhotywe kwiintaba ze-buKhara. Izindlu eziNgcwele- umnini-ntloko ojikelezayo-oonobumba kunye nemifanekiso yeqela, kunye nomfanekiso welanga kunye neeplanethi zavela esilipho.
I-Zaptust ibizwa ngokuba ngumprofeti wokuqala, owaxelela ubukho beParadesi nasesihogweni, ngovuko emva kokuba efile kunye nenkundla yokugqibela. Umhlaziyi wafumanisa abafundi ukuba ukuhlangulwa komoni kuxhomekeke kwizakhiwo, amagama kunye neengcinga, kwaye kumhla onguJudy, umntu uya kwabelana ngoxanduva ngekamva lehlabathi.
Iimfundiso zeZarathustra ngomzabalazo wemikhosi elungileyo nembi isebenza izicatshulwa zebhayibhile kunye neemfundiso zikaPlato. Emva kokubhubha komProfeti, abalandeli bakhe bafudukela entshona yeIran, baguqula izizwe ngezizwe eZoroastrianism.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebutsheni bakhe, abazali bekamva lomprofeti bafumana uNyana womtshakazi, kodwa uZirathustra wawubonisa uphawu kwaye wawagatya amatshana acetywayo. Isizathu sokwala ukutshata elinye lamantombazana abizwa ngokuba kukungavumi komtshakazi ukujonga emehlweni - ubuhle bujikile ebusweni kwaye bujongeka kude. Umfana waya ehadiwe.
Emva kokudibana noMdali nezityhilelo zakhe, lo mprofeti wawenza lo mnqophiso, ngokuthi umntu unyanzelekile ukuba ashiye inzala emva kwakhe, kungenjalo ungonwabi. Abantwana banika ukungafi kukungachaneki kwenkundla yokugqibela.
I-Zarathustra itshatile kabini (kwinguqulelo eyahlukileyo - kathathu). Umfazi wokuqala wayengumhlolokazi. Abafazi abanjalo babizwa ngokuba "ngabasebenzi." Wabeka oonyana ababini. Imazibulo yaba ngumfuya weenkomo, unyana wesibini - umlongi wayo.
Umfazi wesibini womprofeti waba yintombi enyulu "olawula". Ibhinqa eliselula lazala isibonelelo esihlwayelweyo kunye neentombi ezintathu. Lo Nyana u-IsArera - waba ngumbingeleli ophakamileyo kaZoroshost. Ngokutsho kolunye uhlobo, abantwana abane bamshumayeza abafazi ababini "abalawula".
Ngokwenkolelo ekhoyo, emva kovuko lwabangcwele kunye naye, umfazi olawulayo "wahlala" kuba umhlolokazi emva kokuba efile.
Ukufa
Umbulali wase-Zarathustra waza waba yindoda egama linguMzalwana ogama linguMzalwana. Umzamo wokuqala wokubulala lo mprofeti unesithsaba sokungaphumeleli: Ukhenketho lomzalwana onesidima-ithambo le-firashrobom-ufike kwi-Saint Saint. Umbulali ophinda-phindwayo emva kweminyaka engama-77, wayengumntu omdala.Utyelelo lomzalwana-ukubola liphuma endlwini kaMprofeti xa wayethandaza. Umbulali akazange afune ukuba ajonge emehlweni ka-Zaratiustra kwaye wambulala ngokuzibetha ikrele emqolo. Kwangelo xesha, utyelelo lomzalwana-ukusweleka kwafa.
UZarathustra wafanekisela ukubhubha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ulungiselela iintsuku ezingama-40 zokugqibela, ukuchitha ixesha ngokucofa kunye nemithandazweni. Abaphandi ababandakanyi ukuba kamva ezi ntsuku ezingama-40 yemithandazo yase-Zarateushira ziye zaba zizithethe zonqulo zabantu kwiintsuku ezingama-40 emva kwe-40 yeentsuku ezingama-40. Iicawa ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba umphefumlo womntu oswelekileyo uhlala kwihlabathi labantu kwiintsuku ezingama-40 emva kokuba umntu efile.
Imemori
- Kwi-opera monzart "(1791), umfanekiso wobunzulu, ofanekisela ukukhanya nobulumko, ireferensi yokunqula i-Zarathustra.
- Umbhali waseJamani -Filosopher Fradrich Nietzsche unomsebenzi "wathetha ka-Zarathustra."
- Ngo-1896, phantsi kombono wencwadi yeFredrich Nietzsche, "wathetha i-ZARATAURCO" i-richard yase-richard Stratiny Strathra. "
- Incwadi enye, ngokwenkokeli yeqela le-Alice, uKonstantin Kinchev, ozinikeleyo kwingoma ethi "ebomvu kwimnyama".
- Kwinguqulelo ye-Leonid Gaida Roma Roman i. ilf kunye no-E. Petrava "izitulo ze-pesha, zazisa uPasha:" Ebezokuziswa nguPasha, kodwa nge-ziarathrera ayikuvumeli. "