Biography
Kwimbali encinci yembali, iMelika ikwazile ukushiya ilifa elikhulu. UMark Twain, Jack London, Margaret Mitchell, Edgaret Ngu, Harpe Lee, i-Stephen Lee, i-tephen yeing, i-thephen ye-King, i-TOODORE MISEBENZI Lungisa, kodwa uthile. Mhlawumbi ezona mvakalelo zichazwe kakhulu kubangela imisebenzi ye-Dradic African Earlic Francis Scott Fitzgerald.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UFrancis wazalelwa kwintsapho yabaphambukeli eIreland. Utat'omkhulu wakhe kumgca wamanye amazwe uFilipu wase-United States, wakwazi ukumela iinyawo zakhe kwilizwe elitsha kwaye waba sisityebi. Kodwa e-Eduard Fitzgerald, ophelelwe yi-Ireland enye - utata wombhali wexesha elizayo, akaphumelelanga ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifanayo. I-Eduard incitshile iphela ngeziphelo, xa uMolly Mckilain wakhokelela kubazali bomyeni wexesha elizayo, bazama ukukhupha le ntombazana ivela kumdlalo ongenakuthembekile.
Ekugqibeleni, uEdward noMoses badlala umtshato, kuba i-MCquill yakudala yayifanele inyamezele le nto kwaye ekuqaleni ukunceda usapho olusandul 'ukunceda usapho olusandul' ukunceda. Emva kwexesha, uChet Fitzgeralds waqala ishishini kwaye wayenokuzinikela.
Eyona ngxaki ikhathazwa yintsapho encinci yayikukubulawa kwabantwana bokuqala. Ke ngoko, isibini sasingaqondakali, xa unyana olindelwe ixesha elide wavela ngoSeptemba 24, 1896. Inkwenkwe yagqitywa kwelokuba ibize iFrancis Scott.
Ekubeni uFrancis no-Draise uLouise yayingamalungu entsapho yamaKatolika, ke abantwana bemfundo yamabanga aphantsi bafumana kwizikolo zamaKatolika. Inkwenkwe iphumelele kwi-Academy ye-St. Paul (Saive Paul Academy), ekwimeko yemvelo ye-Minnesota.
I-fitzgerald encinci kwiSikolo saseNewman), ekwi-Massachusetts yaqhubeka ukufundisisa. Ukufundisisa kwisikolo saseNewman, uFrancis wachitha ixesha lakhe lokufunda.
Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo sabucala, umntu ofudukele eJersey entsha ukuba angene kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton. Njengomfundi weyunivesithi edumileyo, uFighzgerald wacinga ngomsebenzi wombhali kunye nemeko yemiculo yomculo. UFrancis uthathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lokubhala, kodwa akazange alibale malunga nefom yomzimba ukuba alandele: I-fitzgerald nayo ingene kwiqela lebhola ekhatywayo.
Nangona kunjalo, iYunivesithi ayiguqukanga eyunivesithi. Endaweni yoko, ngo-1917, waya emkhosini ngo-1917, apho, endleleni, wakwazi ukwakha umsebenzi, wakufika kwitayitile ye-HIV
Ngo-1919, uFighzgerald washiya uluhlu lwemikhosi. Izicwangciso zomntu yayingumtshato kunye noZelda Seyra, intombazana entle evela kwintsapho eyamkelweyo evela kwi-ALABAMA. Kodwa lo mtshato uthintelwe ngabazali bakaZelda, bekuthathelele ukuba akafanele alinike intombi yakhe ukuba umntu wakhezela umntu ongumntu, owayesandul 'ukubuya emkhosini. Ngokuqinisekileyo loo nto injalo i-spiral yekamva-phinda isiqendu kwikamva likayise noMama!
UFrancis Scott wagqiba kwelokuba ukuba abe ngumbhali odumileyo, abazali bentombazana baya kutshintsha iingqondo zabo. I-Fitzgerald ifudukele eNew York, apho yaqala khona ukwenza umntu ophilayo, osebenza njengearhente yentengiso, kwaye ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo - ukubhala inoveli ye-teutut.
Uncwadi
Iphepha elibhaliweyo eligqityiweyo lomsebenzi "uFrancis" uFrancis wathumela izindlu eziphambili zokupapasha iNew York, kodwa ekuphenduleni wafumana kuphela ukusilela. Yabetha eyomeleleyo kuloo ndoda. Waqala ukusela, emva koko waqhuba umsebenzi. Ekhohlo ngaphandle kokubakho, wabuyela endlwini yomzali.
Ukubiza intwana, i-fitzgerald ithatha isigqibo sokulungisa umbhalo obhaliweyo, okhokelela ekubhalweni kwawo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ikopi entsha ye-noverist ye-novice ithumela abapapashi kwakhona. Ukusuka kwi-Charles Scarhern Nons kuza ileta esayinwe nguMhleli oyintloko uMaswell Perkins. Kuyo, iingxelo eziyintloko zokuba umsebenzi kaFrancis wahluke kakhulu kuko konke okupapashwa ngoku. Kodwa umshicileli sele elungele ukuthatha ithuba kwaye akhulule incwadi, njengoko ikholelwa kwimpumelelo yakhe.
Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesifo 26, 1920, i-egos ephindaphindiweyo iphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde ibhaliwe nguCharles Schoner unyana obizwa ngokuba "kweli cala leParadesi". Incwadi iba ngumveleli (ngaloo minyaka yayingekalisebenzisi eli gama, kodwa namhlanje ifuthe lokuthengisa inoveli liya kubizwa ngale ndlela), i-Zelda Seyir - Umtshakazi uFide Fitzgerald.
Ukuqhubeka neFrancis kubhala amabali e-almanac kunye neemagazini ezithandwayo, la mabali aya kupapashwa kwingqokelela yakhe yokuqala "kwaye ingene nzulu". NgoMeyi 1922, ibali 'lembali elingaqondakaliyo likaBenjamin "lipapashwa e-Collier's veki nganye, owomeleleyo kwi-fitzgerald kwindawo yombhali wesizukulwana esitsha - isizukulwane sejazz.
Phezu kwako nje ukuzalwa kwentombi yakhe, uFrancis noZolda baqala ukukhokelela indlela yokuphila ye-chic kwaye babe ngamagorha embali yeziKronike. Zonke izinto ezenziwayo zinxulunyaniswa ngokwenyani ngumda kunye nokuhlala. Ngo-1922, uFillzgeralds wafumana indlu entsha eyakhiwe eManhattan. Kulapho umbhali uqalisa ukusebenza kwi "Gatsby enkulu".
Kwangaxeshanye, Francis ipapasha inoveli yakhe yesibini - "Beautiful kwaye bagwetywe", uthengisa amalungelo ukukhululwa kwakhe umboniso nguWilliam A kwisiza, yaye emva koko ukhupha yingqokelela "Amabali malunga ngenkulungwane ye wejazz" kunye smear "Mind ".
Ngo-1924, uFighzgerald uthatha isigqibo sokuya eYurophu. Ngexesha lohambo lwakhe, linexesha lokufumana abantu ababaziyo elitsha, kunye nokwenza abahlobo abane-ernest Hemingay, ababephila ngexesha laseParis. EMelika, ngeli xesha, iRoma yesithathu iFrancis iphuma - "i-gatby enkulu", kunye nefilimu yakhe yokugcina i-Herbert benonon.
Ukubuyela kwiLizwe, umbhali wapapasha enye ingqokelela, eyayibizwa ngokuba "ngabantu bonke abadakumbile", emva koko ibhendi emnyama iqala ebomini be-fitzgerald. Izibonelelo zithathwa njengezizathu ezifumileyo ukusuka kwinkosikazi yakhe nasekuqalekeni kweSchizophrenia yakhe. U-Zelda ukrexeza uZelda usilele. UFrancis uphinde ulikhoboka lotywala, olukhokelela kwintlekele yokuyila.
Ngo-1934, ngokungalindelekanga, inoveli entsha yombhali iphuma - "ubusuku", ngokusekwe kwimbali yakhe.
Emva kwexesha uTyzgerald uthatha isigqibo sokutshintsha i-vector yesenzo kwaye iba ngumlawuli weHollywood. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe, bekukho iithayile ezininzi zelo hla, kodwa eyona mpumelelo iphambili yayiyinto enkulu "i-rarade" ye-farrigagigi kwinoveli yase-Erich Mary Ary Ary Ary Ary Aryge. Ngelishwa, kuzo naziphi na kwezi filimu kwiishumi, igama lombhali alichazwanga.
Ngo-1939, uTotzgerald uqalisa ukusebenza kwi "Masnate yokugqibela" - inoveli malunga netsifo ye-hollywood. Le noveli iya kukhutshwa ngoku emvangokuhlwa, kunye nengqokelela "kunye" neendleko zokukhuliswa okuhle. "
I-Fitzgerald inokudlulisela kakhulu umoya welo xesha. Oku kukhokelele ekuvelisweni kwezihlangu ezininzi zeencwadi zakhe. I-gitby "enkulu ye-gitsby" (1974) yeJack Clayton ene-Robert Redford kunye ne-Mii Kazan de Niro "(ngo-2008) Fitcher nge-Brad Pitt kunye neKate I-Blanchetta, kunye ne "Gatsby enkulu" (ka-2013) I-LURMAN ASERATE), iLeonardo di Caprio, eCary Magan, uElizabeth Clark.
Kananjalo ngo-2016, i "Masnate" yokokugqibela "iphuma kwizikrini. I-Mat Bomer kunye ne-Lily Collins zazaliseka kwiParsplay entsha. Lo asinguye na kuqulunqo kamabonwakude kuphela imisebenzi fitzgerald - on TV, zombini ngokuzimeleyo ukuvavanyela imisebenzi umbhali kukhubazeko yamabali ngamanye TV ezifana "Suspantly" yaye "waqalwa".
Ubomi Buqu
Ukususela ngo-1920 ukuya ku-1940, uFighzgerald wayetshatile. Nge-26 ka-Okthobha ngo-1921, isibini sasinentombi eyayinentombi.
Emva koqhawulo-mtshato noZelda Fozgerald, amaxesha amaninzi badibana nentatheli ebhalela malunga neendaba ezilungileyo zeHollywood zoHlelo olukhulu. Inketho entsha kaFrancis ebizwa ngokuba yiSheila Goham. Ngokudibeneyo bahlala kancinane, ukufa kombhali sasebenza njengokufa.
Ukufa iFrancis Scott Fitzgerald
Umbhali wasweleka nge-21 kaDisemba ngo-1940.
Unobangela waseburhulumenteni bokufa sisifo sentliziyo, nangona kunjalo, abahlobo kunye nabantu abaqhelileyo baqiniseke ukuba eFrancis akazange abe senzekile ngenxa yotywala kakhulu, awangcatshayo emva koqhawulo-mtshato noqhawulo-mtshato.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1920 - "Ngale ndlela yeParadesi"
- Ngo-1922 - "Imbali Engaqondakaliyo kaBhenjamin Batton"
- Ngo-1922 - "Mhle kwaye ugwetyiwe"
- Ngo-1923 - "Amabali Athetha malunga nenkulungwane yeJazz"
- Ngo-1925 - "Gatsby enkulu"
- Ngo-1926 - "Zonke ezi zinto zintlungu"
- Ngo-1934 - "ubusuku" ubusuku "
- Ngo-1935 - "Iimpawu ze-Wake-up"
- Ngo-1941 - "I-Magnat yokugqibela"
- Ngo-1945 - "Wrecker"