Biography
Igama lembongi yesiNgesi kaJohn Donna emi kumqolo ofanayo noWilliam Shakespeare noPhilip Sidney. Oyena mmeli mkhulu kwiSikolo seMetaphysical kwiMibongo edityaniswe nemithetho-siseko yePola. Inyama yetempile, engayi kwanelisa iBakala lase-Anglican. Umbhali weentshumayelo ngaphandle kokukhanya okuqaqambileyo emhlabeni kwaye imibongo ayisiyo yonke izaliswe yizabelo kwaye yawakho. Embindini wemibongo ye-Donna, elele kwindibano yeRenaissance noBaroque, kukho umntu kunye nobuchule bayo, ukudityaniswa komsebenzi weemvakalelo kunye nengqondo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwibhayiloji kaJohn Donna kukho inyani enomdla - umhla ochanekileyo wokuzalwa akaziwa. Kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ibonakalisiwe malunga ne-21 kaJanuwari okanye i-gap ukusuka ngoJanuwari 24 ukuya ku-19 kaJuni, 1572. UYohane wazalwa kwintsapho yomrhwebi wesandla esiphakathi. Ngokutsho komgca kamama, wayenxulumene nomdla kaJohn Hawewood kunye nesithandi-sobulumko, i-Chartallor yase-England Thomas Maoma. Intsapho inamathelele ngokholo lobuKatolika ukuba emva koko uchaphazele ngokuzithanda izinto kwaye amathuba akwaYohane.
Kwiminyaka emithathu, inkwenkwe yahlala ngaphandle kotata. Umama watshata uMongameli wezonyango zasebukhosini Athammmmy kaYohane Mamide. Sele iminyaka eli-10, uDodon wayesazi isiLatin nesiFrentshi. Ku-12 abazali bathumela uYohane ukuba abe kwinqanaba lokuqala kwiDyunivesithi yase-Oxford.
Ngeli xesha, eNgilani, wafumana amanqaku omoya wokuHlaliswa, kwaye ngonyaka we-1586 umfana wahamba waya kwiKholeji ye-Tenety kwiCambridge. Kodwa kananjalo kwaselwandle lokuqala okanye kwiYunivesithi yesibini ayizange ifumane idiploma yolutsha, kuba inqabile ukuthatha isifungo esichasene neekhetha zeCawa yamaKatolika. Ixhoba lokungqubana kweecawe ezimbini yayingumhlobo kaYohane, uHenry, owayeza entolongweni ngenxa yokufihlwa komfundisi. U-John wakwazi ukuphelisa isikolo somthetho lincolnz inn.
Ukongeza kwiSayensi esemthethweni, imbongi yafunda iilwimi kunye nezenkolo. Imibongo kunye nethiyetha yawa kwisangqa senzala. Kodwa ngexesha lokuqala kokufunda, uYohane wangena isiqingatha selifa lokuhamba kunye nokuzonwabisa. UDonn wayehlala eSpain, eFrance nase-Itali iminyaka eliqela, apho wayefunda khona inkcubeko kunye neelwimi zala mazwe. Ukongeza, wathabatha inxaxheba kwi-Adter Rirate's Pirate's Pill, enye yeenkokeli zoyisolo lweSpanish Armmada ingena kwi-Armada eNgcolileyo, kunye neRobert Veroe, Graf Essex.
Ngo-1601, uJohn wanyulwa nguSekela wendlu ye-commons. Ukusukela nge-1605 wasebenza njengomncedisi ubhishophu waseThomas uThomas uToron naseProtestanti noMbhali weMisebenzi, babukela ubugorha bamaRoma. KwiYunivesithi ye-1610 yeYunivesithi yase-Oxford, inkosi ye-MARTARY ASTSAYUSE Inkosi. Kwiminyaka le-1615, uJohn watyunjelwa iCapellav ka-Capev. Kunyaka emva koko, uDonn wafumana unjingalwazi wezemfundiso ye-alma mater-scholnz-inn.
Uncwadi
UJohn Down Donn abaphandi bokuyila bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba imbongi yaqala ukubhala imibongo ekuqaleni kwe-90s yenkulungwane ye-XID. Kodwa ngexesha lobomi bomsebenzi ababengapapashiswanga, prese kunye neenkonyana zenkolo zaziwa ngakumbi. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala we-satirical viler ubuyela kuye kwi-1593. Kwi "Bhokazi yeSatir donna", umbhali wazama ukuphelisa ukwahlukana kweWatchIVile olwenziwe yicawa, ukukhangela inqaku lenkxaso ebomini.
Ngo-1597 emanyathelweni ohambo kwii-azores zibhalwe "Stor" kunye "SHTIL". Inqaku lendalo labonisa ukuba uYohane ulizunguzelo lobukho bomntu, ngaloo ndlela ukomeleza lo mfana elukholweni kuThixo.
Ngexesha lenkonzo eSir Thomas, imbongi yangena elona moya liphezulu. U-Ally ubhalwe nguye, uSonnets wayethandwa nguBeaujda. Umbhali wafumana ibandla elikwinqanaba eliphakamileyo, ukumkani waseYakov ndibize lo mbongo we-donna.
Ngo-1601, uJohn Donn wabhala "uFarewell, othintela ububi obunikezelwe kumfazi wakhe. Le yenye yezona zibongo zothando. Akufanelanga ukuba ibonakaliswe ngcono ngoyena mbono wembongi kwaye ibonisa izithethe zothando lweengoma zezokuhlaziywa kwakhona.
Usapho olukhulu kunye nobunzima bezixhobo ezikhoyo babuyisa i-Donna ukuya kwinkolo kwaye bavuma ukuba babhale "i-corona" kunye "noSocred Sonetov". Kodwa ukuba kumjikelo wokuqala kukho isizathu esimnandi sonwabile, isincoko sesibini sibugqithile kuxinzelelo, ukubandezeleka, ukuguquka kubomi ngaphandle koThixo. Kumhlobo, uJohn wazibonela ubungqina bamaxesha obubomi bukaKristu kunye nentombi enyulu.
Ngo-1607, uJohn, ohlangabezana nengxaki yangaphakathi, waqala ukuphonononga umba wokuzibulala. Iziqhamo zengcinga yayikukuziphatha "i-chaatanatos". Ukuba ligqwetha, uDoDn wasondela ekuthinteleni ebomini ngokuzithandela njengenye yeendlela zokubulala.
Umbono wakho womfanekiso wehlabathi uDonn uchazwe kwisikhumbuzo sokuqala 'esibhalelwe uku-odola. Kwangelo xesha, izigqibo ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokubonakalisa kwakhe ukuqondwa njengezinye zokuqonda kwabantu ezibangelwa luHlaziyo lweCawa.
Kwiminyaka eli-16111 ipapasha isimo sezulu "IHergiAius kunye nesiphelo sakhe", esiyalele ngokuchasene neJesuits. Incwadi yanikwa indumiso kukudunyiswa nguKumkani waseYakov i. Kumbongo "unyaka wesibini", epapashwe ngo-1612, uDorn wabuza ukuba yintoni umphefumlo ngento ayifunayo. Kwaye kwafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba umntu akayi kufumana impendulo ngengqondo enye.
UJohn utsala iincwadana zakhe ngenxa yezihloko zonqulo. Ukumkani wafumana ukuba umshumayeli olungileyo uya kuphuma kuYohane. UDonn wenzakalise ukugxininisa kwaye ngo-1615 wamkele umbane wakwaSan. Emva kweminyaka emithathu, wafumana inqanaba le-dr. theology yeDyunivesithi yaseCambridge. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba wamkele iSan John kufuneka ezoyise: Wayeyazi iintsilelo zakhe kwaye ekholelwa ukuba ayifanelanga ukumiselwa. Amathandabuzo UJohn wachaza kuMbongo "NgoLwesihlanu Olungileyo", obhalwe ngeNtwasahlobo 1613.
Ukususela kwi-1621 kaJohn Dorn donn - i-abbot yekatata ye-St. Paul eLondon, enye yezona chibi zikhulu zeYurophu. Ukongeza, kwi-1622th enyulwe ngumgwebi wehlabathi kwiKent naseBedfordshire, ijaji yoKhomiso lwasebukhosini kwiinkundla zecawe. Ngeli xesha, ubuqaqawuli bomnye kwabashumayeli bohlobo lwelo xesha lwafika kuYohane.
Ekupheleni kuka-1623, uDonn wayegula kakhulu. Ukuba phakathi kobomi nokufa, uJohn akazange ayeke ukusebenza, ehlola ubunjani bomntu. Ukugqibela kokucingisisa ngumsebenzi wentanda-bulumko "kubhenela kuYehova ngeyure nakwintlekele."
Incwadi iquka amacandelo aliqela. Elinye inamacandelo amathathu: "Ukucamngca", "ukubongoza" kunye "nomthandazo". Mhlawumbi owona magama adumileyo avela kwintshumayelo - le
"Akukho mntu umntu onokuba njengesiqithi, ngokwawo, umntu ngamnye unenxalenye yelizwekazi, eyinxalenye ye-sushi ... ukusweleka komntu ngamnye kuyandichitha, kuba ndinjalo Sukubuza, iifowuni zentsimbi: Ubiza kuwe ".Amagama avela kwinkonzo yokuthandaza asetyenziswa yi-Ernest Hemingwa egameni lenoveli malunga nemfazwe eSpain.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukubuya ngo-1598 ukusuka kolo hambo, uYohane wangena unobhala wenkonzo kwigqwetha lentendelezo elizabeth Elizabeth I, Mongameli we-Royal Thomarson. Ngaphambi kokuba lo mfana uvule ithemba ngokubanzi. Kodwa ngo-1601, uJohn waliphosa eli thuba, watshata ngasese kumtshana womqeshi uAna MOR.Kunyaka kamva, iNkundla iqinisekisile ukuba semthethweni komtshato, kwaye kuphela ngonyaka ka-1609, utata ka-Ana watshutshisa ngomtshato ongalinganiyo kwentombi yakhe. Amaqabane ahlala kwilifa lomfazi obhinqileyo. U-Cousin Anna, Mnumzana Fransis Walley, wathabatha uJohn kwinkonzo.
Phantse unyaka wonke abantwana bavela kusapho, kodwa ukusuka kwi-12 basinda esibhozo. Ukulungisa umntwana wokugqibela ngo-1617, uAnna wasweleka. Mhlawumbi ukusweleka kwabantwana okanye ezinye izinto zokomoya ezikhokelayo kwi-Donna ebusweni bukaKatolika kwiCawa yase-Anglican
Ukufa
Ngo-1630, uJohn wasikwa esi sifo. I-abbot yekati yeCawa yeSt. UPawulos wasweleka ngo-1631. Wangcwatywa apho.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo we-donna wafakwa ngaphezulu kwengcwaba, edalwe yimiyalelo yakhe ngaphambi kokuba afe.
I-Bibliography
- I-1601 - "Farewell ethintela Usizi"
- I-1607 - "la corona"
- 1611 - "I-Igertius kunye nesiphelo sakhe"
- 1612 - I-Anatomy yeHlabathi "
- 1624 - "Izibheno zeNkosi ngeyure nakwintlekele"
- 1631 - "UDweli wokufa"