Biography
I-Giuseppe Verdi (Igama elipheleleyo - Giuseppe Flonter Francesco Verdsi) -Umqambi omkhulu wase-Itali. Imisebenzi yakhe yemiculo 'yobutyebi "yobugcisa behlabathi. I-Dedeige Gede-Isiphelo soPhuculo lwe-Italiya ye-Italiya yenkulungwane ye-19. Ndiyabulela kuye, i-opera yaba yile nto injalo ngoku.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UGiuseppe Vidri wazalelwa kwilali encinci yase-Itali yase-Itali, kufutshane nesixeko saseBusseto. Okwalo mzuzu, le ntsimi yayingabobukumkani bokuqala baseFrench. Ke, kumaxwebhu asemthethweni lilizwe lokuzalwa kweFransi. Wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 10, 1813 kwintsapho yodidi. Utata wakhe uCarlo Giuseppe verdi wayenendawo yokutyela yasekhaya. Kwaye umama kaLuigi uttini wasebenza nguPrya.
Ukuthanda umculo inkwenkwe ibonakalisile ebuntwaneni, ke kuqala abazali bamnika isixhobo somgogo wamnika isixhobo esiphambili - isixhobo esiphambili somtya, esifana nokuzihlatha. Kwaye kungekudala waqala ukufunda ileta yomculo waza wafunda umdlalo kwilungu lecawa yelali. Utitshala wokuqala wayenguMbingeleli Pietro Bayaystrokki.
Kwiminyaka eli-11 ubudala, i-piuseppe incinci yaqala ukuzalisekisa imisebenzi yomgaqo. Kanye kwinkonzo, wayeqaphela ngabarhwebi abazizityebi u-Antonio Bareti, wacebisa ukunceda inkwenkwe ukuba ibe yimfundo elungileyo yomculo. Okokuqala, uVerda wafudukela endlwini kaBareti, indoda eyayimbhalela oyena titshala ubalaseleyo, kwaye kamva wahlawulwa kwaye wafunda iJuseppe eMilan.
Ngeli xesha, uVergi waba nomdla kuncwadi. Inketho inika imisebenzi yeDolophu yaseDante, iShakespeare, schiller, i-goethe.
Umculo
Ukufika kwakhe eMilan, uzama ukungena kulondolozo, kodwa kwangoko ufumana ukwala. Ayithathwa ngenxa yenqanaba elinganeleyo lomdlalo kwipiyano. Ewe, kunye nobudala, ngelo xesha wayesele eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, wagqitha ukuba abekwe kwindawo yokwamkela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngoku i-milan yogcino ibizwa ngokuba yi-Giuseppe verdi.
Kodwa lo mfana akaphelelwa lithemba, uqesha utitshala wabucala kwaye ufundisise iziseko zendawo. Utyelele imisebenzi ye-Opera, iikonsathi zee-ochestras ezahlukeneyo, unxibelelana nebhombu yendawo. Kwaye ngeli xesha, uqalisa ukucinga ngokuba ngumqambi wemidlalo yeqonga.
Ekubuyeni kukaVerdeni ukuya eBouseto Antonio Bareti baququzelela intetho yokuqala kulo mfana ebomini bakhe, owaveliswa ngumqukumbelo wokwenyani. Emva koko, uBareti wanikela uGiuseppe waba ngumfundisi wentombi yakhe uMargarita. Kungekudala kwabakho uvelwano phakathi kwabantu abancinci, kwaye babenenoveli.
Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi we-verdi wabhala imisebenzi emincinci: Imanyano, imizila. Ingxelo yokuqala yayiyi-opera, ibale i-di ye-bonifacio, eyaziswa kwi-milane umbukeli we-la spala theatre. Emva kokuphumelela kwempumelelo ne-Giuseppe Veri, isayinyiso sasayinwa ukuba sibhale ezinye ii-operas ezimbini. Kwimihla emiselweyo, wadala "inkosi ngeyure" kunye "neabucco".
Ukuveliswa kuka "kumkani kangangeyure" wamkelekile ngumbonisi kwaye wasilela, kwaye usuka eNabucco, umtsalane wethiyetha aliwe kwaphela. I-Premere yakhe isekwenzeka, nangona kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Kwaye le opera yayinempumelelo yokwenyama.
Ku-veri, ngubani emva kokusilela 'kukaKumkani kangangeyure "nokuphulukana nomfazi nabantwana bakhe ukuba bashiye intsimi yomculo, uNabucco waba yi-sip yomoya omtsha. Udumo lomqambi ophumeleleyo wangena emva kwakhe. "I-NABCCO" yonyaka ifakwe kwindawo yemidlalo yamaxesha angama-65, ngendlela, ingafikeleli kwimigca yehlabathi.
Eli xesha eVerdli linokuphawulwa njengonyukelo lwendalo. Emva kwe-opera nabcco, umqambi wabhala ezinye ii-Operas ezimbalwa, ezazihlanganyele kakuhle ngumbukeli-"iilogi kwi-crbords kwindawo evuthayo" kunye "ne-ESTANI". Emva kwexesha, ingxelo ye "Lomburd" yafakwa eParis, nangona kunjalo, kuba le vergri kwakufuneka yenziwe ziinguqu kwintsusa. Okokuqala, wathatha indawo yamagorha ase-Itali ngesiFrentshi, kwaye kwi-operee yesibini kwi "Yerusalem".
Kodwa enye yezona zinto zidumileyo zeVerda zaba yi-opera rigoleletto. Ubhalwe ngokusekwe ngokudlala i-hugo "kuKumkani ohlekisayo." Umqambi ngokwakhe wawuthathela ingqalelo lo msebenzi ngendalo yakhe ebalaseleyo. Umbukeli waseRussia uqhelene ne-rigoleletto kwingoma ethi "Intliziyo Yobuhle ijonge kwi-40." I-Opera ibeke amawaka amaxesha kwiithiethi zehlabathi ezahlukeneyo. I-Aria yegorha eliphambili, iJester rigoleletto, eyenziwa i-Dhimry Hvorostovsky, iPlacido Domingo, iMuslim Magmayeev.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uVergi ubhale "i-traviata" emsebenzini "weNenekazi neCamellia" Alexander Duma Jr.
Ngo-1871, uGiuseppe verdi ufumana iodolo kumlawuli wase-Egypt. Uceliwe ukuba abhale i-opera yendlu yeCairo Opera. Inkulumbuso ye-Opera "Aida" yenzeka ngoDisemba 24, 1871 kwaye yagqitywa ukuvulwa kweSuez Canaka. Owona mdlalo we-aria owaziwayo - "trimphal marsh".
Umqambi wabhala ii-operas ezingama-26 kunye nengcali. Kule minyaka, i-Ipera Theiat yoluntu, zombini i-aristorass kunye nabantu abahluphekayo. Ke ngoko, amaTaliyane giusepp verdi ngokufanelekileyo aqwalasele umqambi ka "Folk". Wadala umculo onjalo apho abantu abalula base-Italiya bawava amava abo kunye namathemba. Kwimisebenzi yeVeri, abantu beva umnxeba wokulwa okungekho sikweni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nge-richard yakhe ephambili ye-richard gichard giuseppe verrindi yazalwa ngonyaka omnye. Uyilo lwabaqulunqiso aludideka, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo abo bathathwa njengezihlambululo ze-Opera. Ewe, abo baqalileyo bavakala malunga nomnye, kodwa zange badibana. Nangona kunjalo, kwimini yabo yemiculo, babezama ngokuyinxenye.
Malunga nobomi kunye nomsebenzi we-giuuseppe verdi yayizincwadi ezibhaliweyo kwaye zineefilimu ze-FILMED. Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwefilimu yayingu Renato Calnato Castellini "Ubomi Giuseppe Viseri", eyaya kwizikrini ngo-1982.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1836, uGiuuseppe Verdi watshata nentombi yakhe yeBharista Bareti. Kungekudala intombazana yazala intombi yaseVirginia maria Louise, kodwa kwisiqingatha sentombazana eneminyaka ubudala. Kwakuloo nyaka, inyanga engaphambi koko, uMargarita wazala unyana iCylio Romano, osweleke umntwana. Kunyaka emva koko, uMargarita wase-Encephalis wasweleka.
Nge-26, uVerni uhlala eyedwa: Wayesele kwaye abantwana neqabane. Ususa indawo yokuhlala kwiCawa yaseSanta Sabina, kunzima ukuba aphile kule lalt. Ngasihlandlo sithile, uthatha isigqibo sokuyeka ukubhala umculo.
Kwiminyaka engama-35, uGiuseppe Verdee wathandana. Intanda yakhe yayiyimculi yase-Itali yase-Italiyane Juseppin Striptoi. Kwiminyaka eli-10, babehlala kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba "ngumtshato" womntu, obangela iimvakalelo ezimbi ezimbi eluntwini. Esi sibini satshata ngo-1859 eGeneva. Kwaye kwiilwimi ezimbi, amaqabane akhetha ukufihla kude kwiSixeko - kwi-vale sant agata. Ngendlela, iprojekthi yendlu yadalwa nguVeri yena, wayengafuni ukubhenela kuncedo lwabantu abayilo.
Indlu yayimfutshane. Kodwa igadi ejikeleze i-villa yayinobuthathaka ngokwenene: yonke iintyatyambo kunye nemithi engaqhelekanga. Inyani yile yokuba simahla ixesha le-verity lokuthandwa ukunikela igadi. Ngendlela, kulo myezo, umqambi wangcwatywa inja yakhe ethandekayo, emkile umbhalo wedini lakhe elithi: "Ilitye lesikhumbuzo kumhlobo wam."
IJuseppin yaba ngumqambi ngemvume ephambili kunye nenkxaso ebomini. Ngo-1845, imvumi inyamalala izwi, kwaye ithatha isigqibo sokugqibezela i-opera yomsebenzi. Emva kwe-STRITPINI, igqibe ekubeni yenze kunye neVerdi, ngelo xesha umqambi sele usisityebi kwaye udume. Kodwa iqabane liphembelela umyeni wakhe ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe womculo, kwaye nje emva 'kwesamkela' inkathalo 'yomsebenzi wobugcisa e-Opera yenziwa-iRigoletto. IJuseppin ukuya ekufeni kwakhe ngo-1897 ixhaswe kwaye iphefumlelwe iVerdi.
Ukufa
NgoJanuwari 21, 1901, uGiuseppe Verdi wayeseMilan. Kwihotele yakhe, wayenesibetho, umqambi ofekileyo, kodwa waqhubeka efunda ii-operas ze-Opera ye-Opera kunye ne "pucchini" iPicchini, "i-Bohemini" iPiuikovsky, kodwa umbono wakhe kule misebenzi ihleli ingabhalwanga. Yonke imihla amandla ashiye umqambi omkhulu, kwaye nge-27 kaJanuwari, ngo-1901 akazange enze njalo.
Ingcwatywe umqambi omkhulu kumangcwaba enkuliswe eMilan. Kodwa emva kwenyanga, umzimba wakhe wamohlwaya kwintsimi yekhaya labadla umhlala-phantsi - iimvumi, ukuba ngaxeshanye wadala umqambi.
Sebenza
- Ngo-1839 - "u-Worber, hlula disn bonifacio"
- Ngo-1940 - "Kumkani kangangeyure"
- Ngo-1845 - "uZhanna D'."
- 1846 - "i-Attala"
- Ngo-1847 - uMacbeth
- I-1851 - i-rigoleletto
- 1853 - "Trubadur"
- 1853 - "travita"
- I-1859 - "Ibhola ye-masquerade"
- Ngo-1861 - "Amandla Ekamva"
- Ngo-1867 - "DONG"
- Ngo-1870 - "ISidia"
- I-1874-iriemerieum
- 1886 - "Othello"
- I-1893 - I-Falstaff