Biography
Ukuyila komculi waseRussia i-Ilya rein - kwindawo ekhethekileyo kwilizwe lakhe nasekunye. Umsebenzi we-upester yeyona nto iqaqambileyo kwinkcubeko yehlabathi, kuba uMdali wepende "bhaki kwiVolga" phantse waziva indlela yokuqala yenguquko, eqikelelweyo kwinkolo yoMbutho kwaye wabonisa ugonyamelo lombutho woqhanqalazo.
Imbali, inkolo, ukungabikho kokusesikweni, ubuhle bomntu kunye nendalo - intlawulo igubungele zonke izihloko kwaye ziphumeze isipho se-ART sigcwele. Ukuchuma komngxunya kuyamangalisa: Ilya-Inta Efimovich yazisa umhlaba wamakhulu amalaphu abhalwe ngohlobo lwenene. Khange ndiyeke ndisanda, ngaphambi kokuba ndisweleke, xa izandla zingayithobelanga inkosi.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-matcher ye-Russian RealIsm yazalwa ngehlobo le-1844 kwiPhondo laseKharkivic. Ubuntwana kunye nolutsha ludlule kwidolophu yaseMalousis yaseChuuuuev, apho i-cossack engacacanga ye-viugocker vasin, utat'omkhulu womculi, ebezinzile ngaphambili. I-vasily efimovich igcina i-inki kwaye ithengisiwe.
Utata ilysa Thinte - umphathi wabantwana, athengise amahashe, agxotha imihlambi yakhe kwiindinyana ezingama-300 ukusuka kwi-onts (iRostov). Ukubuya kwejoni eFim Vasnemevich Retin ithathe inxaxheba kumaphulo amathathu omkhosi kwaye ihlale eSlobozchin kude kube lusuku lokugqibela.
Emva kwexesha, iinjongo zaseUkraine emsebenzini we-Ilya Ten uthathe indawo ebalulekileyo, uqhagamshelo ngendawo yokuzalwa, umzobi akazange ajike.
Impembelelo kuNyana yanikwa nguMama, umfazi ofundileyo kunye nokuhamba kukaTatyana bocyana bocharov. Kubantwana abaphumeleleyo, umfazi walungiselela isikolo apho kufundiswa khona ukucoca kunye ne-arithmetic. Abantwana bakaTatyana Stepanovna bafunda imibongo ye-Alexander Sushkin kunye neMikhail Lermontov, kwaye xa usapho lwaludinga imali, ityale impahla yoboya.
Umculi kwi-Ileja evule uMachani uMachani Trofim, ukuzisa iipeyinti ze-maneclolor endlwini. Inkwenkwe ibone i-quidrelon emnyama nemhlophe ngoonobumba phantsi kwebrashi ngoonobumba, kwaye yanyamalala abanye. I-Ilya kwakukhulisa ukuzoba ukuze angathanda.
E-11, i-Iyo Rein yanikwa isikolo sokuthintela-umsebenzi wawuqwalaselwa njengongathandekiyo. Kodwa xa iziko lemfundo liye lachitha emva kweminyaka emi-2, umculi oselula wafumana umfundi kwindibano yepeyinti ye-icon. Apha ukufundisa bafundise iziseko zokupeyinta, kwaye kungekudala iikontraki ezivela kwizibalo zawa bubuthongo zii-odolo zendibano, zicela ukuba zithumele kubo i-ilya.
Ngo-16, i-biography yokuyila yomzobo oselula yaqhubeka kumthambeka we icon, apho i-Inta Reasi ihlanjululwe kwiiKings ezingama-25 ngenyanga.
Ehlotyeni, ii-artelers zahamba, zikhangela iiodolo ngaphandle kweli phondo. Kwi-voronezh, intlawulo yaxelelwa nge-Ivan Kramsky, umculi ovela kwi-Ostrogozhsk, oshiye umhlaba wakhe wokufunda kwi-St. Petersburg onobugcisa. Ekwindla, i-ilya eneminyaka eli-19 ubudala, iphefumlelwe ngumzekelo kaKramsky, yaya kwikomkhulu elimantla.
Ukupeyinta
Umsebenzi wabantu abancinci ovela e-Chugeva wafumana unobhala wenkomfa yeZiko leMfundo. Yena, ekwazi yena, akazange avume i-Iya, agxeka ukungakwazi ukuzoba amathunzi nemivimbo. I-Ilya Retin ayizange inciphise iingalo zakhe kwaye ihlale eSt. Petersburg. Ukususa igumbi kwindawo yase-Attic, lo mntu wazinza kwisikolo sokuzoba, ukuya kwicandelo langokuhlwa. Kungekudala utitshala wamzukisa njengoyena mfundi unobuchule.
Kunyaka olandelayo, i-Iyo Rein yangena kwiZiko leMfundo. Ukwenza umrhumo wophando lwabafundi kuvunyelwene nguPetersburg emva komlawuli we-Fyodor Sanki. Iminyaka eyi-8 kwi-Academy yeza namava axabisekileyo kunye nokuqhelana namava anemigangatho yetalente - Phawula abantu ababenemifanekiso - Maka, i-vadicic, i-vadimir stimov, apho ubomi buye bahlobisa amashumi eminyaka. U-Ivan Kramsky ovela kwi-duugueva ebizwa ngokuba ngutitshala.
Omnye wabafundi abanetalente yeZiko leMfundo le-ARTAMY ifumene imbasa yenkomfa ethi "Ukuvuswa kwentombi yeIare". Iyelenqe lebhayibhile alinakuba nakho ukufezekisa amawele, emva koko i-Ilya yawukhumbuza umntwana oselula osemzini waza wasondeza, ukuba zeziphi izinto ezaziza kuba nazo abantu abavela kuzo. Lo mfanekiso waphila ebomini kwaye wazisa uzuko lokuqala.
Ngo-1868, umfundi, ukuphosa iibhanki ze-neva, wabona iBurlakov. U-Ilya wabetha inzonzobila phakathi kwe-idless kunye namandla anzima. I-retin itsala iyelenqe, kodwa lamiswa umsebenzi: Kwakukho izinga lokuphumelela. Ngehlobo lonyaka we-1870, umbungu wayenethuba lokutyelela iVolga kunye nesekondari ukuba agcine umsebenzi waseBurlakov. Kunxweme lwe-Ilya retin wadibana namaxhoba eBullka, awambhengeza ekuqaleni amathathu ngentloko, edityaniswe ngelaphu.
Ukupeyinta "I-Burlaci kwiVolga" yenza imvakalelo eRussia naseYurophu. Ngamnye wabasebenzi abatsalelayo bathwala iinkalo zobuntu, umlinganiswa, iintlekele ezinamava. Ubugcisa baseJamani i-Arbert Wolf i-Worbert Wolf iqhubekile phakathi komfanekiso kunye nokudibana kukaDante ojijekileyo kumbuso ophelelwe nguThixo.
I-Strava malunga nepeyinti enetalente evela kwi-St. Petersburg eMoscow. I-Pesthenate kunye ne-Alexander Alexander Poronokvshchikov (i-alector yomsebenzi odumileyo waseRussia) Umculi wakhiwe kwishishini kwaye ngehlobo le-1872 lazisa umsebenzi ogqityiweyo owafumana indumiso kunye nezincomo.
Entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, i-Iyo Rein yaqhubeka nohambo lwaseYurophu, yatyelela iOstriya, i-Itali naseFrance. EParis, wadibana nabavelisi, umsebenzi ka-Eduard Mana waphefumlelwa ukuba adale i-carsian cadvas cadvas cadvas cafe. Kodwa inkcubeko yamanye amazwe kunye nendlela yefashoni kwi-France Ukucaphuka imvakalelo yokwenene yaseRussia. Ukuzoba umfanekiso "SADKO", apho iqhawe lihlala khona kuBukumkani bamanzi aphantsi komnye umntu, kwabonakala ngathi bayazicingela.
Embindini we-1870s, isihloko semfundo sanikwa umhlobi womsebenzi we-sarko, kodwa abanye abagxeki babengagcinwanga kwizimvo ezinetyhefu ukuba bahlawule i-vorblesky ruggy kunye nendoda "ye-Aquarium".
Ukubuya eYurophu ukuya kwiLizwe, i-Iyo Tain iinyanga ezili-11 zahlala eChugev. EMoscow, wafika emva kwexesha ngo-1877 kwaye, wangena kwifowuni ephathekayo, wabhala "Tsarevna Sophia". Ukuntywiliselwa kwimpahla, intlawulo ihleli ecaleni kwe-novoddevichy ye-novoddevichy kwaye yasebenza kunyaka ophakathi konyaka, ifunda oovimba, ukutyelela oomasifundisane kunye neemyuziyam. I-canvas yayilingaqhelekanga, ukuvunywa ngaphandle kwemeko evakaliswa kuphela i-kramskaya.
Iminyaka emithathu, i-Iyo Rein isebenze kwiWebhu yePhondo. Igama lokuqala lomfanekiso "yi icon yommangaliso." Njengomsebenzi wepeyinti oqokelelwe kwi-Csswegov, iKiev kunye ne-Kirsk, ukuhambisa ixesha elibekiweyo ukuphelisa ngakumbi.
Impendulo inikezelwe lo mfanekiso ngo-1883 kwaye iphinde yavavanya uvavanyo oluxabisekileyo. Abanye babone kwi-sub yoxinzelelo lomfanekiso, amandla namandla, abanye kuphela ukuveza izimvo ze-Ilya eFimovich ngobomi. Emva kwexesha, umculi uphindaphindeka kwakhona kwiiplani ezisebhayibhileni, enika umhlaba iCalvary "yeCanvary", "isilingo sikaKristu" kunye "nesidlo sangokuhlwa".
Ngo-1885, i-Master ivelise abalandeli uMsebenzi oMtsha-kwiCanvas "ivan grozny kunye nonyana wakhe ngoNovemba 16, 1581." Icebo lokupeyinta nguPutico lokuphefumlela umculo kaNikolai Rimsky-Kurskov.
Ilaphu laboniswa kumboniso weefilimu, kodwa utoliko lweyelenqe aluzange luthande uAlexander III. Ukumkani wayalela ukuba akukho mnikelo kumboniso, kodwa abantu abaninzi abadumileyo bathetha nokukhusela ukudalwa kwentlawulo. Umlawuli ususile ukuvalwa.
Ukupeyinta "bekungalindelanga ukuba inkosi yaziswa ngo-1888, kwaye ngoko nangoko yamkele i-MARPRIECE. Kwi-Canvas Intas Ilya idlulisela ngobuchule imifanekiso yengqondo yabalinganiswa. Ingaphakathi le-canvas yayiligumbi le-Dacha e-Marngskino kufutshane neSt. Petersburg. Ubuso begorha eliyintloko le-retin iguqule ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwanaxa umfanekiso wawa kwigalari yePavel Tratytov. I-Ilya Retin yenze indlela eya kwiholo kwaye iphinde yabhale kwakhona undwendwe olungalindelekanga de waphumelela intetho oyifunayo.
Ngehlobo le-1880, umbuhlungu wasiya eMalorossia, ethatha naye umfundi we-valentina serov. Ekudalweni, wapeyinta yonke into: Hututs, abantu, iimpahla, izixhobo zekhaya. Intlawulo isondele kakhulu kubantu bonwabileyo.
Iziphumo zohambo lwensimbi ye-canvas "cossacks ibhala ileta kwi-tulkish sultun" kunye "ne-hopak. UMDANISO WE-ZAOPRIKHZHZHHHHHH. " Umsebenzi wokuqala wavela ngo-1891, owesibini - ngo-1927. Umsebenzi we-duel Ilya rein ubhale ngo-1896. Uye wafumana uTotykov, ebeka umfanekiso kwigalari yeMoscow, apho igcinwa khona ngemihla yethu.
Indawo ekhethekileyo kwilifa lomculi lihlala lemiyalelo yasebukhosini. I-Ilya yokuqala ifumene i-Ilya ye-Inta phakathi kwe-1880s evela eAlexander III. Ukumkani wanqwenela ukubona ukuba ngabadala besicholo kwi-canvas. Emva komyalelo wokuqala ogqityiweyo wokuqala, kwafika okwesibini. "Intlanganiso ye-upeling yeBhunga likaRhulumente nge-7 kaMeyi, ngo-1901" yatsalwa ngo-1903. Ukusuka kwipeyinti "yasebukhosini", i-NICHOLASI II "idume.
Ekutshoneni kwelanga, inkosi yasebenza eFinnish Kuokkale, kwigumbi "lelifa". Oogxa bakhe kwiSoviet Union bafika eFinland kwi-Mataland eselekhulile, becela ukuya eRussia. Kodwa intlawulo, owazala ilizwe lakhe akazange abuye.
Kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kukaRein, isandla sasekunene senzeka, kodwa i-Ilya e-Efimovich ayizange icinge indlela yokuphila ngaphandle komsebenzi. Ubhale ngasekhohlo, iminwe awayeyithobele ngayo. Kodwa inqwelomoya ayiba ngumqobo, kwaye intlawulo iqhubekile nokusebenza.
Ngo-1918, i-Iyo Rein yabhala i-canvas "yeBolsheviks", i-fallovit yayo ebizwa ngokuba yiAnti-Soviet. Okwethutyana, laligcinwe kumqokeleli waseMelika, emva koko "i-bolsheviks" yawa eGalina Vinknevskaya kunye ne-mstislav rostropopovich. Ku-2000s, abanini bamisela ingqokelela kwi-London Auction "ye-sotheby's".
Ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kweengqokelela, iShishini leShishini laseRussia alisher i-Unimanov yathenga zonke izifo ezingama-22, kubandakanya i-bolsheviks. Inkcazo-ntetho ibekwe kwisixeko kwi-neva.
Ubomi Buqu
Umhlobi wayetshatile kabini. Iqabane lokuqala uVera lazala umyeni wakhe labantwana abane - iintombi ezintathu nonyana. Ngo-1887, emva kweminyaka eli-15 yokutshata, ukwahlula kubuhlungu kwalandelwa. Bantwana abadala bahlala notata wakhe, abancinci - kunye nomama.
I-Inta Rein yathimba izalamane kwimifanekiso. Ukupeyinta "ukuphumla" kubonisa iqabane eliselula, intombi enkulu yokholo yanikela umfanekiso 'wedragoni ", oyena mncinci neNad - i-canvas".
Umfazi wesibini ungumbhali kunye nomfoti Natia Nardeman - ngenxa yomtshato kunye nentlawulo eyaphukileyo nosapho lwakhe. Yayiyi "ipeni" yakhe "umhlungu wam wangena ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900s.
UNordman wasweleka esisifo sephepha ngehlobo lowe-1914. Emva kokusweleka kwakhe, ukuphathwa kwepropathi yedwa edluliselwa ezandleni zenkobe, eyayilishiya iqonga lemidlalo ye-Alexandrinsky.
Ukufa
Ngo-1927, i-IlO Retin yakhalaza kubahlobo ukuba imikhosi iMyeke, iba yinto evila. " Iinyanga ezidlulileyo ngaphambi kokuba isweleke kufutshane noyise yayingoobani, ngokungaphaya emsebenzini ebhedini.
Umculi obhiyoze iminyaka engama-86 ibingekabikho ngoSeptemba 1930. Wangcwatyelwa kwi-ESTINAT "ipenija". ERussia kunye namazwe a-CIS, kukho imyuziyam ye-4, odume kakhulu - eKokkale, apho wachitha khona ishumi leminyaka emithathu yokugqibela.
Sebenza
- Ngo-1871 - "Ukuvuswa kwentombazana ye-Iair"
- Ngo-1873 - "I-Burlaki kwiVolga"
- Ngo-1877 - "Indoda eneliso elibi"
- I-1880-1883 - "Provesion kwiPhondo le-Khark"
- 1880-1891 - "Cossacks ubhale ileta kwi-Turkish Sultan"
- I-1881 - "i-Prorait yomqambi m.p.morusorgsky"
- 1884 - "Khange alinde"
- I-1884 - "i-dragonfly"
- Ngo-1885 - "ivan ombi nonyana wakhe ngo-Novemba 16, 1581"
- Ngo-1896 - "duel"
- Ngo-1896 - "I-Prorait yoMlawuli uNicholas II"
- Ngo-1903 - "isidlo sangokuhlwa sexesha"
- Ngo-1909 - "Ukuzilawula kukaGeorge"
- Ngo-1918 - "Bolsheviks"
- Ngo-1927 - "hopak. UMDANISO WAMAPRIKHZHZHHHH "