Biography
Ingmar Bergman ngumlawuli weqonga wethiyetha kunye ne-cinema, iflegi yelungelo lokushicilela, umgcini kunye nombhali, oye waba yiklasi. Kwaye iBergman ngumvelisi oqaqambileyo, umqhubi kunye nomlingisiweyo. Imizobo yakhe ilifa le-cinema yehlabathi.
Kwiakhawunti ye-Master engaphezu kwama-60 ubugcisa kunye namaxwebhu angaphezu kwe-170 abekwe kwinqanaba lemidlalo yeYurophu.
Kwibhanki ye-piggy yenkanyezi yeSweden 3 "UOscar", 6 ukutyunjelwa kwe-starieette kunye namanye amabhaso angamashumi amahlanu aphambili kunye namabhaso omzi-mveliso wefilimu wehlabathi. Igama lomgama waseScandinavia wafaka kumqolo omnye nge-louis quieel, akira kurosavavoy kunye ne-feederico wandini.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-matcher yexesha elizayo yefilimu yelungelo lokushicilela lazalelwa ngehlobo lowe-1918 kwisixeko esidala saseSweden yasePuppsa 70 km ukusuka eStockelm. URese kwintsapho yeLuthere kunye nodade wonyango. Abantwana - Doug, i-Ingram kunye nentombi kaMargaret - benyuka ngomgudu kwaye baphikiswa bohlwaywa.
Inzala kwi-cinema kunye ne-Artical ART ye-Ingmara ibonakalise kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala. NgeKrisimesi, umzalwana odala wafumana iprojektha yefilimu kunye nesibane se-kerosene njengesipho. "Isibane somlingo", njengoko intetho ibizwa, yabangela umdla kwi-Bergman esencinci. Inkwenkwe yayiphupha kangaka yokumenza ukuba afumane, othe wafumana utshintshiselwano lweDagi: Ingqokelela yentliziyo yamajoni e-tin.
Iimvavanyo "kunye" neMilingo yeMilingo "Phawula ukuqala kwebhayili yendalo yomlawuli wexesha elizayo. Kwifilimu ehlanjiweyo, umalume wanceda inkwenkwe ukuba ize amanani, i-Engmar enebhokisi yebhokisi iqikelelwe kumphezulu. Ke iifilimu zokuqala zeBergman enkulu ivele-ukuphindaphinda.
Kwiminyaka eyi-12, umntwana okwishumi elivisayo waphinda wachukumisa umlingo wethiyetha yokwenyani: Babeka umdlalo kwinqanaba le-commatriot - Agasti. Inkwenkwe yavunyelwa ukuba ibekwe ngexesha lokusebenza emva kwendawo, kwaye, ibambe umphefumlo wayo, ibukele abadlali bedlala "ngomdlalo wephupha".
Ukuzonwabisa kuphela kunye nokuhlala kwe-Ingmara Bergman kususela oko kuvunyiwe ngeprojektha kunye nethiyetha yasekhaya. Umfana othile uwamanyelwa ngokukhanyisa, imihombiso, owenze imveliso entsha kunye nokukhethwa kwethiyetha. Nge-16, uBergman waya eJamani ukuba enze inkqubo yokutshintshiselana inyanga nesiqingatha. Ingmar yaqhelana noontanga-ilungu le-hitlergenda-kwaye yaba nomdla kwiimbono ze-NSDAP.
Ngo-1937, uSwede oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala waba ngumfundi wasekholejini eStockholm. Kodwa izifundo eziphambili - Uncwadi nembali ye-ART-Ingmar yazinikela ubuncinci bexesha: wanyamalala kwiqonga lemidlalo yobutsha, eyaba yeyona nto iphambili. Izikhubekiso zasekhaya ngenxa yokudlula kweeklasi kwikholeji yayingunobangela wenkathalo ye-Inmar kwikhaya labazali.
Kungekudala iBergman ekugqibeleni yashiya izifundo zakhe, zilungisiwe ngumfuno wethiyetha waza wahambahamba. Intsebenzo iguqukele ekubeni sisilele, indawo yemidlalo yeqonga iphela ifumaneka kwaye ingcinga yenzekile. Kungekudala i-Ingmar Bergman, eyahlala ngaphandle kwepeni yemali, yazinza kwi-Opera Theatre: Kwakukho indawo yomncedisi womlawuli. Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, wabhala imidlalo yokuqala.
Iifilimu
Indlela yeBergman yokuqengqeleka yaqala nge-1940s. Ukudlala komdlalo oselula wawusetwe kwithiyetha yabafundi. Inkulumbuso iphumelele - babhala malunga nayo kwi-tabloid edumileyo yemihla ngemihla. Kodwa eyona nto iphambili - intsebenzo itsalela ingqalelo yomlawuli wezifundo zefilimu yefilimu. Ingmara yamenyelwa kwi-studio yefilimu, ikhupha ukuba ihlele imeko yabanye abantu kwaye ubhale eyabo.
Inkumbulo yesikolo ephefumle i-Ingmar Bergman Imeko yegama elithetha "ukuhamba", owela kwicandelo lokujonga umsunguli we-viktor viktor. Kungekudala i-premiere yefilimu, eyamkelwa ngokufudumeleyo ngababukeli kunye nabagxeki kwifilimu ekhaya, kumazwe aseScandinavia naseMelika.
Ngo-1946, i-geut yaseburhulumenteni ye-Inmara Bergman yabanjwa - i-ntle thrama ". Lo mfanekiso uphumelele kwi-ofisi yebhokisi, kodwa umlawuli waphinda wavulwa ngokukhawuleza: Kwakuloo nyaka, abaphulaphuli bakubona "imvula phezu kothando lwethu", obenempumelelo enkulu. Ingmar Bergman, ekuweni kowe-1946, okuqale ukusebenza kwimbali kamasipala yeGothenburg, ephupha kwaye eqhubeka nokudubula imeko yakhe, kodwa abavelisi bakaBergman benomdla kuphela njengomntu ohlombe.
Ngo-1947, umphathi waseSweden wakwazi ukususa umfanekiso wesine kwindawo yakhe - idrama malunga nomculo we-piansist "ongaboniyo" ebumnyameni ". Ifilimu yeza kutyunjwa kwebhaso eliphambili lomnyhadala wefilimu eVenice kwaye yafumana impumelelo yentengiso. I-Bergman yokuqala yefilimu ibizwa ngokuba yintolongo emnyama nemhlophe ", i-prierere", i-Premeere yenzeka ngentwasahlobo yowe-1949.
I-1950s yavula i-cineram "ihlobo ihlomenti", eyathi kamva ibiza eyona nto ibalulekileyo i-filmography. Abagxeki befilimu kunye nababukeli bathatha umfanekiso oshushu. Emva kokuba ezinye zizolile ezibuthile uqhankqalazo lweZifundo zeSweden zeFlowuli ezichasene nomgaqo-nkqubo onzima werhafu kweli lizwe, i-Engmar Bergman Redumad. Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1950, itayitile ye-Ledy yo "busuku behlobo ismiles" yeza kwizikrini, ezazingaphumelelanga kwizikringi zaseSwedeshe, kodwa zafumana amabhaso e-cannes.
Ngo-1957, i-Ingmar Bergman yazisa abalandeli umfanekiso ongena kwiNgxowa-mali yeGolide yeCinema yeHlabathi - iDrama "isitampu seDrama". Lo mfanekiso wasuswa ngexesha elibekiweyo-kwiintsuku ezingama-35-kwintendelezo yesitudiyo sefilimu. Umlawuli wanikwa ibhaso elikhethekileyo loMnyhadala weCanes.
IBergman isusa iimovie kwaye iyaqhubeka nokusebenza. Ngaphantsi kwekhuselo ka-1957, umlawuli wazisa esidlangalaleni yoluntu ukuba enze "i-mistunthrop", eye yaba sisiganeko esiphambili se-1950s kwi-theatrical Sweeden Sweeden Sweeden. Kwakulo nyaka wazisa i-chain entsha - "i-strawberry polyana", ifilimu yokugqibela yomdlali weqonga kunye noMlawuli Viktor Winderem.
Inkosi yowe-1960s ivule umfanekiso "umthombo we-Vikichy", obizwa ngokuba "lumkiso ongalunganga kweKuramvava." Kodwa abagxeki befilimu benamathele kwenye indawo yokujonga: Idrama yayingu "Oscar".
Ngo-1961, ngo-1963, kwaza ngo-1963, amashumi amathathu eBergman Kinedrams aphume, owenza "i-trilogy yokholo": "Ngobunye kwiglasi ye-DIM", 'cwaka ". Ifilimu yokuqala iziswe yi-Oscar yesibini kunye nokutyunjwa kwebhere yegolide. Umfanekiso wesithathu waphumelela ngentshukumo exakekileyo: Zininzi kakhulu i-Franks kuyo. Ukugungxulwa komsindo kukhokelele kwizisongelo nakusapho, kodwa kwazisa ukuthandwa okubonakalayo.
Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1960, abaphulaphuli babona uMsebenzi oMtsha we-Master-Idrama yegumbi ", kwindima ephambili ye-Bibi Anderson naseLiv Ulman rored. Le projekthi iqengqele amabhaso, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha ifilimu yaba yeyona nto iphambili kwiMatra. Umgca oqaqambileyo ongaphantsi kweminyaka yoo-1960s Ingrgman wakhokelela kwidrama emnyama nemhlophe "ihlazo" kunye nefilimu "ye-solf iyure".
I-1970s iphawulwe ziiprojekthi ezine, kamva ziiklasi ze-cinema yehlabathi. Idrama yengqondo "Ukuhleba kunye nokukhwaza" kwakhutshwa kwizikrini, umlawuli ohamba nzima ngenxa yentlekele yemali. Irente inikwe i-Oscir e-Oscar kunye ne-Grand Prix eCanes. Ngokubanzi, "i-whispers kunye nokukhwaza" kwafumana amabhaso angama-20 kwaye wawa ngo-7 amagama. Akukho nto incinci isetyenziswe ngempumelelo i-Mini-upment "kwi-Scenes kwi-MALITORI YOBOMI" kunye neTape yomculo ".
NgoJanuwari 1976, umlawuli wabamba amapolisa kwizityholo zerhafu. Ukubanjwa okulandelayo kunye nokugqobhoza kwimithombo yeendaba kwaphela ukuba iBergman kwi-Bergman ukuya kwisahlulo somoya kunye neeveki ezintathu zonyango kwisibhedlele sengqondo. Ngo-Epreli 1976, umphathi washiya ilizwe lakhe ekuqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nengcinezelo ye-bulcaucral.
Ukufuduka, inkosi yathatha igumbi lenzala i-meloddrama "I-AcatoMndla SONO". Abalinganiswa abaphambili kwifilimu edlalwe i-orgn-liv tulman, ingrid bergman noLena Nyman. Kwi-Hollywood Star Ingrid Bergman - UMatra Stratimilitsa - Lo mfanekiso ube yinye yemisebenzi yakutshanje.
Phesheya, inkanyezi yeSweden yafikelela kwipeyinti ye-8 yokugqibela. Amathanga aqaqambileyo - "FANYny kunye neAlexander", "Ukususela kwi-Alexander" kunye "nobuso bukaKarin" - bazisa uninzi lwamabhaso e-piggy yebhanki. Isikolo sefilimu sakutsha nje saseIntmara Bergman saphuma ngo-2003: Oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo "kwiziko elivela kubuhlobo bomtshato" obizwa ngokuba "sarabada".
Ubomi Buqu
Ingmar Bergman, njengayo nayiphi na umntu okudala, wayeyindoda eluthandweni kwaye iyatshintsha. Ubomi bakhe bubekekileyo kwaye basibeka amabhinqa amaninzi, abahlanu kubo babafazi. Umlawuli unembewu esithoba, bobabini bazalwa ngaphandle komtshato.
Umfazi wokuqala osemthethweni wase-Marta waba yi-ElS SHIFRE, umculi ovela kwithamsanqa lethiyetha elahlekileyo, apho i-Ingmar ihlekisayo emva kwamagqabi ekholejini. Ngo-1943, umfazi wazala iqabane elinentombazana leLena.
Emva kweminyaka emi-2, indawo yenye into yathatha umhlobo wakhe u-Ellen Lundstrem, ukuba loluphi uhlobo umyeni wakhe onjenge-choreographicrepher. Ngo-1948, umfazi wesibini wanika umntu obhinqileyo. Iingxaki zosapho kunye nokungabikho kwemali ebuleweyo kubantu abaninzi.
Ingmar yathandana nentatheli iGong Gong, yazalelwa unyana wakhe. Kungekudala emva kokuba imbonakalo yoNyana, uIngmar Gergman watshintsha umfazi wakhe. Balandela uqhawulo-mtshato.
Ngo-1959, ubomi bobuqu benkanyezi yaseSweden kwakhona zenza i-STEPE: Ingmar yakhokelela kwisithsaba sePianist Caytist Caytitsi. Kodwa iminyaka esi-7 yobomi obungenamafu kwi-villa igqitywe ngokusahlula: kwiseti 'yabantu ", umlawuli" wanomdla kwi-Norway Star Liv ulman.
Kumlingane, wakha indlwane yesiqithi sesiqithi sesiqithi. Ngo-1967, uLiv wazala intombi yomfazi wakhe, kodwa kungekudala wayishiya indlu yesiqithi: inqanawa yentsapho yaqhekeka. I-Iyomomo kunye noxolo lwe-Inmar Bergman efumaneka nomfazi wesihlanu - i-Ingridd van Rosen.
Ngo-1987, uBergman wazisa incwadi ethi, apho wabelana ngeenkumbulo zabantwana namabali malunga nokusebenza kwiMidlalo yokuqala kunye neefilimu. Ngo-2006, ingqokelela yelizwe "le-cinema" laphuma, eliquka iincwadi ezimbini zememo - "i-Magika yaMadlia" kunye "nepeyinti" kunye namanqaku.
Ukufa
Ngo-1995, umlawuli wasingcwaba i-Ingrid yakhe ayithandayo. Emva kokusweleka kwakhe, uBergman wahlala endlwini ngaphambili, apho umntu wakhe watyelelwa ngabahlobo nabantwana.
I-classic ye-cinema yehlabathi ifile ngehlobo lika-2007. UBergman wathula, ephupheni, kwiiveki ezi-2 emva kosuku lwe-89th lokuzalwa.
Wangcwatywa umphathi wesiqithi. Kunyaka emva koko, ngokwesicelo soMatrietive Matra, olona qabane lesihlanu wathutha amangcwaba asentla kwaye wangcwatyelwa ecaleni kwendoda yakhe. Izithsaba zabo zengcwaba zabo liphela ngamagama kunye nemihla yokufa kwesibini.
I-filmography
- Ngo-1946 - "Imvula phezu kothando lwethu"
- Ngo-1948 - "umculo ebumnyameni"
- Ngo-1955 - "ubusuku behlobo buyekelela"
- Ngo-1957 - "ukuprinta kwesixhenxe"
- Ngo-1957 - "i-strawberry polyana"
- Ngo-1961 - "ngeglasi ye-dim"
- Ngo-1962 - "Umthendeleko"
- Ngo-1963 - "Ukuthula"
- Ngo-1966 - "umntu"
- Ngo-1968 - "Intloni"
- Ngo-1972 - "I-Shepotes kunye nokukhwaza"
- Ngo-1973 - "I-STORYS EKUFUNDILEYO UBOMI BOMTSHATO"
- Ngo-1975 - "Fund umlingo"
- Ngo-1978 - "I-Amendlandla Sonata"
- Ngo-1982 - "fanny kunye ne-alexander"
- Ngo-2003 - "Sarabada"