Biography
Zhores Alferov yintsomi ephilayo yesayensi yekhaya. Inzululwazi eyafunyanwa yimali efunyenwe sisiseko sokwenza izixhobo zangoku ze-elektroniki. Ilizwe lethu alisakwazi ukucinga ukuba i-lasers, isemicondors, i-LEDS kunye nenethiwekhi ye-fiber optic. Konke oku kufumaneka kuluntu Ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa nguJores Alferov kunye nezazinzulu eziselula zenyuka.Iimfanelo zeRussia (kwixesha elidlulileyo - iSoviet) imakethi iphawulwa kakhulu kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba kwaye nakwindawo. I-Asteroid (i-3884) I-Alferov ligama le-Nobel Parce, i-ras yemfundo kunye nelungu lezenzululwazi lezenzululwazi.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ubuntwana bosayensi bawela kwiminyaka enzima. Umhlaba utshintshe kakhulu ukusukela oko ivan Karpovich Alföhrov no-Anna Vladimirovna Rosenblum wazalwa ngunyana wamalungiselelo uIvan Karpovich. Unyana omkhulu wonyana obizwa ngokuba yiMarx (wasweleka ngemihla yokugqibela ye-kasun-shevchenkovsky), kwaye omncinci wafumana igama elizukiswa kwe-jean zusen posists.
Ukuzalwa ngoMatshi 15, 1930 eVitebsk, umntwana ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe ikwazile ukwakha kunye nabazali bequlari, iNovosibirsk, e-Sizhstroy. Ukuba usapho luka-Alferova lwahlala luphila eBelasus, isayensi yehlabathi inokufumana ilahleko enkulu, kwaye ngaphandle kokufunda ngaye. Ubuzwe buka-Anna RosenBlum bunokuba nesizathu sokufa kunye no Nyana ezandleni zamaNazi.
Iminyaka intsapho kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II wahlala kummandla Sverdlovsk, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo bafunde ukusuka esikolweni ukuya sisazinzulu elizayo ngelo xesha ayizange yenzeke. Nangona kunjalo, ukubuyela e-Mnusk, i-Zhores ithengisa ngokukhawuleza ixesha eliphosakeleyo. Isikolo sigqibile ngembasa yegolide. Ngoku esi sikolo sibizwa ngokuba yiGymnasium №42 kwaye sinxibe igama lomfundi odumileyo.
I-charics i-physics ye-physics yakov Boriovich Melcovich iqaphele amandla alo mfana kwaye wanconywa ukuba angene kwi-falltach ye-belarusian polytech. Ukuthatha isigqibo malunga nesangqa soMdla weSayensi, i-Alferov yatshintshelwa kwi-LIN. Ngo-1952 waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe wezenzululwazi.
Isayensi
Owona mfundi waphupha ngokusebenza kwi-fiztech phantsi kwendlela ka-Abraham Fedorovich Ifowuni. IZiko lobuGcisa leMbusebenzi lalikwimbali yemfazwe. Kwisiqhude, wabizwa ngokuba "yi-Fikergarten I-Indefeni" -Kulapho ukuba i-Laser Lawer, uSemenov noKapnov bakhula. Apho, Zhores Ivanovich yaba yinxalenye yeqela elenza ukuba babingelelwe iSoviet yokuqala.
Abahambisi baba ngumxholo kwi-theation ye-thesis yolwazi oluselula. Emva koko, Zhores Ivanovich ikhawuleziswa kuphononongo lwee-heterostal (crystals andstecial) kunye nokuhamba kokukhanya kunye nezinye iintlobo zemitha. Elabhoratri yakhe basebenza nee-lars, sele ngo-1970, iiphaneli zokuqala zelanga zadalwa apho. Baxhobisela iisathelayithi, babonelela "uxolo".
Iindidi zesayensi ezisetyenzisiweyo zihamba ngokuhambelana nomsebenzi wokufundisa. Zhorez Ivanovich ibhala iincwadi kunye namanqaku. Wakhokela iSebe le-optoelectrosics kunye nabafundi abakhethiweyo ngokwakho. ISikolo saseSikolweni eyenziwe ngeNqaku le-physics kwi-Instances kunye "neFiziks kunye noBomi".
Ngoku kwiYunivesithi yeZifundo, uMhlaziyi osisigxina apho i-Zhorers Alfrs, isebenza iLiyceum "yesikolo somzimba nezobugcisa." I-lyceum linyathelo elingezantsi leziko lezenzululwazi nemfundo, eliquka iziko elinamandla lophando. I-Akamidia ibona ikamva lenzululwazi yaseRussia e-Lyceists.
"Ikamva laseRussia liyinzululwazi nakwiitekhnoloji, kwaye hayi ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo. Kwaye ikamva lelizwe alikholwanga ngu-Oligrris, kodwa ngenxa yomntu obafundi bam. "Esi sicatshulwa esivela kwintetho yesidlangalala yeJerees Ivanovich sibonisa ukholo lwesayensi kuloyiso lwengqondo eqinisekileyo kuyo inkanuko yangaphantsi.
Ubomi Buqu
Mhlawumbi impumelelo yokuqala yesayensi yesayensi inegalelo ekusileleni kubomi bakhe. Umtshato wokuqala we-Zhors Ivanovich uwile ngesikrelemnqa. Umfazi omuhle, ngoncedo lwezalamane zaseGeorgia ezinamandla, wacebisa umyeni wakhe ngoqhawulo mtshato wendlu yeLeniadrad. Kuphela sisithuthuthu kwaye i-clamshell ihleli kwipropathi ye-Alferov, awayelala kuyo ebusuku. Ukuphuphuma kobudlelwane kukhokelele ekuphulukaneni ngokupheleleyo nolwalamano lukatata wakhe nentombi yakhe.
Inzululwazi yesibini itshatile kuphela ngo-1967, kwaye lo mtshato uchaze uvavanyo lwexesha. Ndikunye neTamara Damares Zhores ye-IRINA kunye nonyana oqhelekileyo kaIvan. Ukuzalwa kuka Nyana kuyakhupha omnye umsitho kwi-biography-ukufumana ibhaso le-lenin. Abantwana bakhulile, iZhores Ivanovich yakwazi ukuba ngutatathathu. Unomzukulwana emibini kunye nomzukulwana.
Iminyaka edlulileyo
Igunya lenzululwazi kwisayensi yehlabathi lisekwe kumaphepha angama-500 ezenzululwazi kwaye phantse ibe yikhulu lezinto. Kodwa imisebenzi ye-Nobel Laureate yayingaphelelanga kwi-physics. Ehlotyeni luka-2017, kwiindonga zeDyunivesithi yaseSarara, iAsistemia Funda intetho: "I-Ainsterin evulekileyo:" UAinstein e-Einstein, uLwemiseko weHlabathi, "otyhila imiba yonxibelelwano kunye nabalawuli.
Kwiintetho zakhe, inzululwazi ebizwa ngokuba yimeko yeSayensi eRussia eyoyikisayo kwaye yawakhusela amalungelo eSayensi yeSayensi kwi-Russia yeSayensi ekuzinzeni i-Porposity kunye nezemali. Inzululwazi yayikholelwa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka anike abemi ngamayeza asimahla, imfundo kunye nezindlu, kwaye kungenjalo olu lwakhiwo alunamsebenzi.
I-Zhorez Ivanovich yayibandakanyeke ngqo kulawulo lukarhulumente. Emva ngo-1989, wanyulwa ngumsekela waBantu base-USSR ovela kwi-Academy yeSayensi. Ukususela ngoko, i-Aidemidia iphakanyiswa rhoqo kwi-Duma yaseRussia, ukukhusela iimfuno zezazinzulu kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo.
Ngo-Agasti ka-2017, i-Forbes Ijenali ijika i-Zhorss Alferov kwikhulu elinamandla lenkulungwane yokugqibela. Ngaphandle kweminyaka yobudala obuqinileyo, i-nobel Laureate kwividiyo kwaye ifoto yayibonakala ichwayitile kwaye iqinisekile.
Ukufa
NgoMatshi 2, 2019, Zhores Alferov basweleka eneminyaka engama-88. Njengeentatheli, ugqirha wentloko yesibhedlele kwi-Olegy Academy Oleg rigunava, unobangela wokusweleka kwe-Nobel Laureated waba yi-Cardiovary kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-pulmonary. Ngasemva kwe-alfers, iinyanga ezininzi zaqwalaselwa ngamagqirha ngesikhalazo malunga noxinzelelo.Umbutho womngcwabo we-fiziks eyaziwayo eyathabatha kwiqela lamaKomanisi.
Amabhaso kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo
- Ngo-1959 - I-Order "I-Honeg"
- Ngo-1971 - imbasa ye-stuart balwiine (i-USA)
- Ngo-1972 - ibhaso le-lenin
- Ngo-1975 -Umyalelo wesibhengezo esibomvu
- Ngo-1978 - i-hugle-pakcardian Paice (saseMveli yaseYurophu)
- Ngo-1980 -Umyalelo wohlaziyo luka-Okthobha
- Ngo-1984 - ibhaso le-USSR
- Ngo-1986 - I-odolo yeLenin
- Ngo-1987 - Igolide yeGolide yeHeinrich Velker (Symposium kwi-GAAS)
- Ngo-1989 - Ibhaso leKarpinsky (iJamani)
- Ngo-1993 - Xlix Mendeleevsky Reader
- Ngo-1996 - Ixabiso elibhalwe emva kwe-A e-A. I-Ifowuni (RAS)
- Ngo-1998 -UHloniphekeni kaGqr Spbgup
- Ngo-1999 - i-odolo "ye-merit kwilizwekazi likaTatand" III Degree
- Ngo-1999 - I-Demidov Case (yeSayensi yeSayensi yeNgxowa-mali)
- Ngo-1999 - igolide yegolide egama linguAd. Popova (RAS)
- I-2000-Ibhaso le-NOBEL (iSweden)
- Ngo-2000-I-odolo "ye-prorit kwilizwekazi likaTatand" II Degree
- Ngo-2000 - i-Nick Holyayaka ibhaso (i-American Occial Social)
- Ngo-2001-I-odolo yeFrancis Skorne (Belarus)
- Ngo-2001 - I-Kyoto IBorvi (Japan)
- Ngo-2001-Ibhaso v. I. Vernadsky (I-Ukraine)
- Ngo-2001 - imbasa ye-Olimpiki kaZwelonke yaseRussia. Isihloko "Intsomi Indoda"
- Ngo-2002 - ibhaso le-State leRussian Federation
- Ngo-2002 - igolide yeGolide ye-Doual Spie
- Ngo-2002-uMvuzo "weGolide" (i-USA)
- I-odolo yePrince Yaroslav yobulumko v Degree (I-Ukraine)
- Ngo-2005-I-oda "ye-prorit toriand" i-IDER
- Ngo-2005 - IBhaso lamandla ehlabathi "Amandla ehlabathi"
- Ngo-2008-Isihloko kunye nembasa yoNjingalwazi oKhethekileyo kwi-MFTI
- Ngo-2009 -Umyalelo wobuhlobo babantu (belarsus)
- Ngo-2010-I-odolo "ye-prorit kwilizwekazi likaTatand" IV Deg
- Ngo-2010-I-MPENAR "ngegalelo kuphuhliso lweNanosticy kunye ne-Nanotechnology" ukusuka kwi-UNESCO
- Ngo-2011 - isihloko "uGqr Russian-Armenian (Slavic) Iyunivesithi"
- Ngo-2013 - i-Karl karl BOAER
- Ngowama-2015-I-odolo ye-alexander Nevsky
- Ngo-2015 - GyGjevivie Nizami Gold Megal (Azerbaijan)
- Ngo-2015 - isihloko esithi "uNjingalwazi Wim"