Biography
Umqambi waseJamani uRichard Wagner ungumntu onobuqili. Kwelinye icala, iimbono zopolitiko ziphikisana nemigaqo-siseko yoluntu (kwaye isathethwa ngobunono). Uyilo lwakhe (alunjalo kuphela umculo, kodwa kunye nefilosofi) yaphefumlelwa ngeembono zeJamani i-Fascist, eyaguqula i-wagner ibe luphawu lwesizwe. Kwelinye icala, igalelo lomqambi kuphuhliso lomculo liyimbali.
Utshintshe imigaqo ye-opera ngokungena kwi-opera ngesenzo esimnandi kunye nengoma engapheliyo. Ilifa lakhe likhupha abaqanduzo lwanamhlanje, liyaqhubeka nokuphila ngomculo wetyeni, isinyithi esinzima kunye noncwadi.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UWilhedm Richard Wagner wazalwa nge-22 kaMeyi, i-1813 eLeipzig - isixeko, ngelo xesha wayengowomanyano lwama-Rhine. Umama kaJohanna Rosina wenza abantwana abalithoba. Utata uFridrich Wagner, ipolisa, wasweleka eTifa ngoNovemba we-23 kaNovemba, nge-1813. Ukusuka kule nqaku, impikiswano yebhayipha yomgaqo-nkqubo iqalile: abanye babo bakholelwa ukuba utata kaRichard yayingumatata wakhe wesibini, uLudwig Geyer.
Ukutshata kwi-Artor Geyir Geyim Umhlolokazi omkhulu waphuma kwiinyanga ezintathu emzimbeni emva kokusweleka kweqabane. Nokuba kunjalo, le ndoda enetalente iffenel zakuphembelela ukhetho lomsebenzi womsebenzi. Udade wesibini ngobukhulu, uJohanna Rasalia wadlala indima yesibini enkulu kwikamva lomzalwana. Umdlali odumileyo uxhasa uRichard ngenjongo yokuba yimvumi.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-13, uRichard kwisikolo saseSaint thoma - esona sikolo sidala sedolophu. Nge-15, umfana waqonda ukuba ulwazi lwakhe lwalunganeli ukuba babhale umculo (kwaye i-quast yayilile), kwaye ukusuka kwi-cussen esele ivele), kwaye ukusuka kwi-1828 waqala wafunda ithiyori ye-Weinzar ye-Theodore Weinliga, icawa yeCawa yeSt. Thoma. Ngo-1831 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig.
Umculo
Abantu abaninzi abadumileyo, iWagneru ihlala iphawula imisebenzi yabanye abantu. Umzekelo, ngokudibeneyo negama lakhe kwinethiwekhi, "intlawulo yephupha" iyakhankanywa. Ngapha koko, isandi sendiza yefilimu ye-eptunymous danrensky wabhala i-Clint Mansell ngo-2000. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba i-mansell yaphefumlelwa yi-wagner yokwahlula "Indlela eValchalla" kwi-Opera "Ukufa kothixo"
Ngegama lekhonkco leClassic kunye ne-Sisters "Ukufa okwethutyana". Ngokwembali, ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwamaYuda kwiinkampu zeFascist, umculo we-wagner uvakale. Ngapha koko, ayaziwa ukuba i-orchestras idlalwe. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba yayibunjwe. I-Wagner isebenze kunye nomgangatho kwaye ukuqhuba imisebenzi yakhe ifuna iokhestra ye-symphest enkulu.
Kwinkulungwane ye-Xix, umculo wase-Wagner wawusandul 'ukuveliswa kwe "IRINIRY YINDAUG", i-Bayreuth Opera Indlu yakhiwa kwiprojekthi yomqambi. Iziphumo ze-acoustic zeHolo yeKhonsane icingiswe kakuhle. Umzekelo, umgodi we-orchestral wagutyungelwa ngumphetho ukuze umculo awuzange uvuthele izandi zeemvumi.
UWagner wabhala i-operas ezili-13, 8 kubo yayiyi-classic, kunye neqela elincinci lomculo, kuquka imisebenzi, kunye nemisebenzi ye-16 yamanqaku, oonobumba kunye neememo. I-operas ye-wagner yahlulwe lixesha elide, pathos kunye ne-Epic.
I-Opera "Fairy", "Ukuvalwa komntu", "URezi" weliphi ixesha lokuyila umqambi. Umsebenzi wokuqala oqolileyo yayingu "Doly Datchman" - ibali le-epic malunga nenqanawa yesiporho. I-Taqyyizer ixelela ibali elilusizi lothando lwe-menesrel kunye nothixokazi wobuhedeni. "Loengrin" - I-Opera malunga ne-knight-swan kunye nentombazana engenangqondo. Apha, ngelizwi elipheleleyo uvakalise ubuhlakani.
I-Tristan kunye neSolde-Rekhoda irekhodi kwixesha lomntu ngamnye. Uthando lwe-duet lwamagorha kwisenzo sesibini uthatha imizuzu engama-40, i-monologue ye-tristan enenxeba kwi-Act Strade-Trued Act - imizuzu engama-45. Ukwenza i-wagner yeengoma zeemvumi ze-opera, kwakuyimfuneko ukuqeqesha kwakhona. Ke kwazalwa isikolo se-opera entsha.
Ibali leringi ye-Wagner ye-Wagner equatwe kwiminyaka elikhulu ngaphambi kweJ.R. I-tolkien. Msgstr "Igolide ye-Rhine" ivula i- "IRINIGN". Umjikelo we-opera wesibini, "i-Valkyrie", ine "khadi leShishini" i-wagner - indawo "yokuhamba". "Siegfried" yeyona i-opera elungileyo kumjikelo: iqhawe libulala inamba kwaye ithathe uthando.
Yonke into igqibe "ukusweleka koothixo", kubandakanya iLeitmotifs ye-operas yangaphambili yomjikelo, ibandakanya uStenali osaziwayo "wokulila ukuya kwi-Shring" eyaziwayo nge-string ukuya ekufeni kwe-Siegfried, enziwa kamva emngcwabeni womqambi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uRichard wayephantsi ekukhuleni (i-166 cm) kunye nokubi, uninzi lobomi lwalungalunganga, aluzange lubenelinye isishumi okanye ukuba wayesoloko etsala abafazi. Iindidi zothando olungenamsebenzi onamapheli kunye nabalandeli awaziwa nakubani na, kodwa abafazi abathathu bahlala ngonaphakade kwi-biography kaGenius.
Umbethe weemini, umfazi wokuqala. Umqhubi owenziwe ngasemva komqhubi oneminyaka engamashumi amabini anawiminyaka oneminyaka engamashumi amabini anawincinana wathweswa ngumtshato ngoNovemba 1836. Umfazi oselula wayeneminyaka emine ngaphandle kwendoda yakhe, enamava ngakumbi kwimicimbi yemihla ngemihla kwaye engakumbi. Intsapho yafudukela eKönigsberg ukuya eRiga, ukusuka apho ukuya kwiSt. Petersburg, iMitava neParis. Kwindawo entsha, i-minne ikwazile ngokukhawuleza ityhefu elahlekileyo kwaye inike umyeni wakhe umyeni wakhe ngobuchule.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, kwakunzima kuye. Emva kokuwa kwenguquko ngo-1849, uWagner ubaleke waya e-Weimar kwiphepha, kwaye ukusuka apho eSwitzerland. ESZurich, uRichard wadibana neMyuziyam yeMyu: uMatidde Wendonki. Ubuhle obuneminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye kunye nomyeni wakhe otto babengabalandeli abashushu bobuchule bomqambi. Ubutyebi Bendment WendsonK Lulungelelanise iikonsathi ze-Wagner kwaye zazisa ukuba "indawo yokuhlala ethe cwaka" - indlu kufutshane nezakhe.
Kolu "nqabela" ubhalile "kunye" ne-tristan ". UMatilda wayeyinto yale ngothando lothando kwaye wakuqonda ngesidima. UMeza umqambi wakongeza umculo kwaye wabhala imibongo kunye neprose. Iileta ze-Wagner zahlala eMatiilde, ezipapashiweyo emva kokuba ifile. Ayaziwa ukuba uRichard kunye nabathandi bakhe abathanda ukujikeleza, kodwa uninzi lwabantu abayikholelwayo.
Uthando lwe-Kosima imvelaphi yaseKosima I-Wagner kwi-1864, kwithuba lempilo ngesiquphe. I-King Babsari yase-Ludwig II, ethandweni nomsebenzi we-wagner (kunye nombono abanye ababhali-mbali - eRichard), bammemele enkundleni, e-Munich eBritich. Kwaye ayihlawulwanga kuphela ngababolekisi, kodwa kwakutyhila uNondyebo wokuxhasa iiprojekthi ze-wagner.
I-Wagner imema kumqhubi we-orchestra iKovoes, etshatile ngovuyo utata wabantwana ababini. Iqabane lakhe Kozim, intombi yangaphandle yentombazana ye-gerenz yegqabi, umhlobo wakudala we-wagner, iba ngunobhala wakho womqambi. Kwaye, kunjalo, iMyuziyam kunye nesithandwa. Ndaqhekeza phakathi kukaRichard kunye nethandelo lebhokhwe ixesha elide lihlala liyimfihlakalo yomyeni olahlekisayo.
Kodwa endaweni yamaHans, indawo yobuqhopho yayingukumkani, kwalungiswa ukumkani, lo mbandela wanyikima esikrelemnqa. Le meko yayikhuliswe yinto yokuba i-wagner ichithwe ziimali ezinkulu zoNondyebo weNdyebo kaRhulumente, kunye nesimilo samaKatolika esilawulwa eBavaria. Ii-asteurs zagxothwa eSwitzerland.
Uqhawulo-mtshato ngelo xesha kwakunzima kangaka ukuba i-von bulove inokufumana kuphela emva ezisixhenxe kuphela. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, uKozima wazala iintombi zikaRichard noEva kunye nonyana kaSieberm (ukuzalwa kwenkwenkwe kuyahambelana nokugqitywa kwe-opera yegama elinye). Wafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo iMina Wagner, kwaye uLudwig ngequbuliso watshintsha umsindo kwinceba kwaye wacela i-wagner ukuba ibuyele kwiyadi.
Ngo-1870, uKozima noRichard babetshatile. Ukusukela kule nto, ubomi bemyuziyam bubandakanya ukukhonza isithixo. Abaxhasi bodwa bayakha ithetho yethiyetha eBayreuth kwaye basebenze kwinqanaba lokuqala le "Iringi ye-NIBLYUG". Inkulumbuso yenzeka ngo-1876 ukusuka nge-13 ka-Agasti ukuya kwele-17, ngonaphakade yatshintsha ingeniswe abantu baseYurophu malunga nobugcisa be-Opera.
Ukufa
Ngo-1882, u-Wagner ekunyanzelweni koogqirha baya eVenice, apho afe khona ngo-1883 ukusuka kwisifo sentliziyo. Owayesakuba ngumyeni wakhe ukuya kumphefumlo wokugqibela we-kozima uthatha iingxaki ngothutho lomzimba eBayreuth kunye nomngcwabo. Walungelelanisa waza wamthelela umthendeleko waminyaka le eBayreuth, wambulala ngentloko yakhe.
Ukongeza kumnyhadala we-Wagner wonyaka, oye waba ngumsitho we-sup kwihlabathi lomculo, elinye ilitye elinomdla eGenius lihleli. Le NEUSCHWASTEIN yinqaba entle kwiintaba zaseBavaria, i-Swean Ackle, eyakhiwe nguLudwig II Bavarian kwimemori yomhlobo oqaqambileyo. Ingaphakathi lendawo ibonisa ukuthandwa nguKumkani ngabaqhubi bomhlambi.
Sebenza
- I-1834 - "ifani"
- Ngo-1836 - "ukuvalwa kothando"
- Ngo-1840 - "Renzi, okokugqibela kwe-tetiyov"
- I-1840-faust (i-over)
- I-1841 - "i-fly ranctman"
- I-1845 - "UTangezer"
- 1848 - "i-longrin"
- Ngo-1854-1874 - "I-NIBELUNG FREUG"
- I-1859-iTristan kunye ne-isolde
- Ngo-1868 - "Nureirn Meystrenzinger"
- I-1882 - "Phimafal"