Biography
I-Landlea Mareau (kubahlobo endibathandayo) - I-Theovieting yeOviet yeOviet, i-Nobel Paub Prize, iphakathi kobuntu obubalaseleyo benkulungwane yama-20. Wayenomdla kuyo yonke into-ukusuka kwisakhiwo se-atomic nucleus ngaphambi kwemfundo yabantwana. I-Landau yashiywa emva kwempumelelo eninzi- le misebenzi yesayensi ezininzi kwi-physics, kunye namakhulu ee-apsisms zelebheli, kunye nethiyari edumileyo yolonwabo. Wagxeka inkqubo yeSoviet yokunqongophala kwenkululeko kwaye kwangaxeshanye ulungiselele ikhaka letyala likaRhulumente.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-LEVEM VEMIOVICHICH ye-Laaca wazalwa ngoJanuwari 22, 1908 eBaku, ubuntwana bakhe babanjwa apha. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, eso sixeko sasikhula ngokukhawuleza, sasimbiyiwe kwaye siyimbiyiwe ioyile, ikomkhulu yayityala inzala kaNobel noRothschild. Phakathi kwabanye abafuduki abasebenzi basuswa eMogelev nabazali be-fiziks yexesha elizayo.
UDavid Lvovich Laweau wabaphathi iOfisi yeWoline kwiNkampani yolwandle yaseCaspian-mnyama kwaye wayenenxaxheba kumsebenzi wesayensi kwaye wafaka isicelo kwijenali zesayensi.
Uthando lweRiaiminovna Gartavi-Lae bluum-cyrrh garking kwiziko lezonyango labasetyhini kwi-St. Petersburg. Ngaphandle komtshato nokuzalwa kwabantwana (ingonyama yayinomdade osele ekhulile), wasebenza njengogqirha, wafundisa kwaye wafunda i-pharmacology, ebandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yoluntu.
Abazali babengamaYuda ngobuzwe, ngenxa yoko, ekwiminyaka eyi-8, uNyana wachongwa kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ngamaJuda, apho umama wakhokelwa yisayensi yendalo. E-Baku, ubuncinci i-anti-semitic yesixeko saseRumiliarry rustlia yayisisiko lemfundo. Isatifikethi somfana onesiphiwo esifunyenwe kwiminyaka eli-12, emva kwethuba leminyaka emi-2 ekufundeni kwisikolo sobugcisa beBaku.
Ngeminyaka eli-14 ubudala, umntwana okwishumi elivisayo wayengenalo ixesha lokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokukhetha phakathi kweMathematics kunye ne-chemistry, ngoko ke wangena kumachaphaza amabini eDyunivesithi kwangoko. Kule minyaka, imfazwe yayiseCaucasus. Nangona kunjalo, iimfazwe kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ezitratweni akuzange kuphazamise uMasipala.
Ngo-1924, umfundi wakhetha i-fidsics yobomi bakhe kwaye waguqulelwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseLeningrad. ELeningrad, lo mfana wayehlala kwi-umakazi wakhe uMary Lupevna Fraud. Emva kwexesha, abazali benzululwazi bafudukela apho kamva.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebukufika ekuseni, i-Landau wayekholelwa ukuba le ngqiqweni ayifanele itshaye, isiselo kwaye utshatele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekiswa kumhlathi wokugqibela weKharkorchanka waseConcordia Tereredia Terereevna Harambavna, owayehlala kunye noFestia ekufeni kwakhe. Amaqabane ahlala kunye ukususela ngo-1934, kwaye ngaphambi kokuzalwa koNyana, babhalisa umtshato wasemthethweni. Igor lvovich steriau (1946-2011) yaya emanyathelweni katata-osebenze kwintsimi yamafutha amdaka asezantsi.Ubomi bobuqu bobukrelekrele zahlulahlulwa zabe yinxalenye kwaye ithiyori. Umhlaba wawuthandatshata umtshato womanyano, ongahambelani ngqo nothando. Ukwenzela ukuba ubakhuphele ngaphandle komona ubuxoki nobomi bosapho, uDau noCora Drogassevatseva bangena kwimvumelwano yomtshato kwi-"PACT ye-PRECT yoBomi bomtshato." Imvumelwano yayithetha ulwalamano lwasimahla lwamaqabane kwaye aluzange luthathe isini ecaleni.
Kwiminyaka eli-12 emva kokwazi ebomini bolwazi ngoncumo, inkohliso yaqalisa ukuvela, into awayithetha ngokunyaniseka umfazi wakhe ngokunyaniseka. Umlingane, ubudlelwane obunjalo kunye nomntu omthandayo wanikwa ubunzima. Ngokutsho kwegxolo, yena ngokwakhe wazama ukuqala ubunzima ecaleni, kodwa akakwazanga.
Kuyinto enqabileyo ukuba kukho iinoveli ezintlanu eziqaqambileyo ebomini. Nangona kunjalo, ekuphela komfazi obenoLvamovich ukuba angade ubomi bakhe, aphelelwe ngumbhobho we-rompantv. Ubudlelwane bomyeni nomfazi wakhe kamva banikelwa kwifilimu yoxwebhu "ngaphezu kothando."
I-Amateur ukulinganisa kwaye ibala kwaye ibala, ugqirha wemilingo kunye nabantu basebenzise indlela efanayo. Wahlulahlula amantombazana kunye nezazinzulu ukuba zikhutshwe ngokungqinelana nokwakhe. Umzekelo, inxalenye enomtsalane yomntu wesini esahlukileyo, wahlula umhle, mhle kwaye enomdla. Okuseleyo ukuya eziklasini "Zilumkele abazali" kunye "nokuphindabula."
ULevievich wazisa ifomula yolonwabo, equka izinto ezintathu eziphambili-umsebenzi, uthando kunye nonxibelelwano.
Isimilo sokuhlekisa semfundo yemfundo sahluma iMeme. " Ezinye iikowuti ezivela kwizifundo zakhe "zangena ebantwini" kwaye zajika zaba ziihobe. Umzekelo, iimbono zakhe ekukhuliseni ngokufutshane ibonisa ibinzana:
"Ukuba awumniki umntwana emntwaneni nangobusuku, into ethile yokuthandabuza kuye, iya kuhlala ilusizi kwaye ibuhlungu ebomini."Isayensi
Sele eneminyaka eli-19 ubudala, umhlaba phantsi kobunkokeli buka-Abraham Fedorovich I-Iioting yethiyori ye-Quatum. I-Speyishini eselula ithunyelwe eYurophu ukuba iqhubeke nemfundo yabo. Ichiza ihlawulwe kwisithuba sonyaka wokuhamba, yonke imali ibonelele ngesiseko seRockefeliller se-Niel Bora. Kwifoto kwiinkomfa zesayensi zala maxesha, unokubona ukukhula okuphezulu komfana one-chapel emdaka kunye nemehlo avuthayo, le ngu-dau.
Nge-borook, utitshala wakhe okuphela (Ngokuka-Dau ngokwakhe), ongumfo wasebenza eCopenhagen. UAlbert Einstein, uMax wazalwa, uWerner Geisenberg, uPeter Kapitsa - bonke aba bantu banika amagama abo kwiincwadi ze-fishksis, behlala kwaye basebenza ngexesha elinye. Emva kokuvavanya izazinzulu zaseYurophu kwindalo yokuhlala, esebenza noogxa, i-Landaa Jayela eLeningrad.
IZiko lobuGcisa leMbusebenzi lisondele kwiinkwenkwezi ezimbini zexabiso lehlabathi, kunye ne-Dow ngo-1932 ishiya "i-Indergarten ye-Iofef" kwaye iya kwikomkhulu le-sviet Ukraine - Kharkov. Apho, umhlaba wabeka iziseko zoqeqesho lwe-theoretist zangaphambi kogqirha kwangoko kumaziko amathathu. Inzululwazi ibizwa ngokuba nguye ebizwa ngokuba yiGolide yokugqibela - indalo iphela.
Uhlobo lomsebenzi wakhe lwandisa yonke i-theoretic, ukusuka kwi-hydrodynamics kwi-Cacem Remiary ithiyori. Emva kokugxothwa ekuqaleni kowe-1937, inzululwazi yaya eMoscow ukukhokela iSebe lethiyori lezi ngxaki zemzimbeni.
U-Lated Staaa akazange abe ngummangalelwa "ityala", apho ababanjiweyo ababanjiweyo kwaye badutyulwa. Kodwa izandla ze-NKVD zafikelela kubasebenzi be-IFP. Ngo-1938, umhlaba wawuphantsi kophando lwentshutshiso yeSoviet. Iimpikiswano zakhe malunga nobubele kwi-USSR zithathwa ngabasemagunyeni abanobuchule njengefowuni yokujongela phantsi ukwakhiwa kwezentlalo kweli lizwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ukubanjwa kwenzeke ngequbuliso. Kwathatyathwa ebusuku, ukugula kakhulu, ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Wakhumbula emva kolwazi ngesayensi, akazukuyibeka entolongweni ithuba elingaphezu konyaka, kodwa akazange athethe malunga nokuhlukunyezwa. ULeviovich wakhululwa kuphela ngenxa yesicelo seNiels Bora kunye ne-odolo yeKappit. I-Agatitor "i-Agatitor" ngo-1990 kuphela ngo-1990.
Emva kwenkululeko yenkululeko ephethe intloko yakhe ifakwe kumsebenzi wesayensi. Wayebandakanyeke kubushushu obuphantsi, kubandakanya i-supercondestity kunye ne-superfluidoty. Le ndoda ithathe inxaxheba kwiprojekthi ye-soviet atomic, ifunda isiseko seatom kunye neentlobo zemitha yerediyo. Wafunda indawo, iplasma kunye nokuphendula kwemichiza ngokwesithuba samasuntswana aphezulu.
U-Landsaa waqokelela abafundi abanetalente eyayimngqongile, e-Evgeny intembeko, uApricos, ingonyamakazi Gorki nabanye bema ngaphandle. Iwadi yaseLeo Daviavich ibiza kubantwana, kwaye abafundi babo bangabazukulwana. I-ACEMICIAN iquka umgangatho othile woqeqesho lwabafundi. Abafundi bakhe banyanzeleka ukuba badlule iimviwo ezisithoba kubuncinci bethiyori.
Isishwankathelo esifutshane salo msebenzi sabhalwa ngokubhaliswa kwe-Evgeny Mikhailovich ye-Pitshitz yencwadi yesifundo ye-Theoretic. Ivolumu yokugqibela yencwadi yongezwa kubafundi be-Dow. Ngehlobo lowe-1941, ukuba i-IFP ikhutshiwe kwiKazan. Abasebenzi basebenza kwi-Refkour. Ngeli xesha kubandakanya namanqaku anikezelwe kumanqaku akhutshiwe. Ndikunye neAlexander Kitgodsky, incwadi ethi "i-Electroni" yadalwa. Amandla e-cosmos. Esi sicatshulwa senzululwazi esidumileyo esithunyelwe kubafundi abaphambili.
Ukufa
NgoJanuwari 7, 1962, uCeatu wangena kwingozi yemoto kwaye wafumana ukulimala okuninzi. Ingozi yenzekile kwi-Ollay Moscow-Dubna. Imoto apho umfundi wemfundo yayingemva kwevili, ngesantya esipheleleyo xa i-Kamoz yaqhekeza kwilori. Umoya onamandla wawela kule ndawo uLeviovich wayehleli.Usonzululwazi kwiinyanga ezi-2 akazange ashiye i-coma, kodwa ngenxa yokubulela kwimizamo yoluntu lwehlabathi olusindayo. Kwangelo xesha, iKomiti yeNobel imazisa imbasa malunga nokufundisisa iipropathi ze-hereium engamashumi olium. Imbasa yebhaso le-Nobel Lileate yegalelo kwisayensi, idiploma kunye netshekhi ihanjisiwe esibhedlele. Emva kwengozi, ugqirha ugqirha akasasebenzi, ubuncinci kancinci kwaye ubuyiselwe.
Impilo kaMateaka ixhase iqela lonke koogqirha abafuna ukungcungcutheka okufanelekileyo kunye nomzimba wesigulana esaziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-bark youartirs kwi-Imemos ibonakalise oogqirha kwiibhloko ezizodwa njengengafanelekanga. Emva kwethuba elilandelayo, ubutyebi bomzimba buye baphelile, kwaye ngoAprili 1, 1968, uLeviavich wasweleka. Unobangela wokusweleka kwenzululwazi yaba yijeli eyaphukileyo. Ingcwaba le-Ascoocia likwindawo yeNovodevichy eMoscow. Ukuphela komfazi kunye nonyana.
Imemori
Ulwazi oluninzi malunga nobomi be-DAU iqulethe iimemo zenkosikazi yakhe ". Njengoko besidla ubomi, "apho ifilimu" umyeni wam ungubuhlakani ". Incwadi kunye nokuhlolwa kwabangela ukuba abantu baphendule esidlangalaleni. Umsebenzi obini oncwadi woncwadi kubomi benzululwazi ye-cagnaist yaveza iMasa Bessarab, umtshana wenkosikazi yakhe uVoovidevich, i-biofer yakhe esemthethweni. Ukusuka phantsi kwentsiba yakhe, iincwadi zamaphepha ase-Laseau kunye "yatsho iManter Master".
I-biegraphy ye-leo deasovich isebenze njengesiseko seScript yoMlawuli we-Iya hrzhanovsky. Owona mlinganiswa uphambili kwifilimu wenziwa ngumqhubi we-theodore kurtzis. Kwezinye iindima, umlawuli uAsatoly Vasneev, uNobel Laureter Robert Gross, i-Fric-Sulder Nikolai Voronov kunye nabadlali abaninzi abaziingcali.
Umsebenzi oqhubeka nolusu ngo-2005, amatyala okuqala ahamba emva kweminyaka emi-3. Iteyiphu yiyure engama-700 yeyure, eyayibekwe kwifilimu ezili-13. Ukuqala ukusebenza kwe-bayokopic, umlawuli ngokuthe ngcembe wala lo msebenzi kwaye wabandakanyeka ekubuyiselweni kobomi beSoviet ye-30s kunye ne-1960 yenkulungwane yama-20. Eyona nto iphambili yokudubula kwenzeke eKharkov, le nkqubo yathatha iminyaka emi-4.
Iprojekhthi yeProjekthi yenzeka ngo-2019 kwiParis kwiithiethi zeSixeko.
Kwiofisi yebhokisi yaseRussia, umboniso uqale phakathi ephakathi ngo-Epreli 2020 kwintsimi yelizwe. Itotali ye-10 iyonke yanyulwa. Oku kungenxa yemithetho engqongqo yokufumana isatifikethi sokungena kwiCandelo leNkcubeko.
Amabhaso kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo
- Ngo-1934- Ugqirha weSayensi yezeMicimbi yezeMvelo neMathematics, akukho dilesi
- Ngo-1935 - isihloko sikaNjingalwazi
- Ngo-1945-I-odolo yebhendi ebomvu yabasebenzi
- Ngo-1946 - ilungu elisebenzayo leSayensi yeSayensi. Ibhaso leStalinsky
- Ngo-1949 - I-odolo yeLenin, iBhasin yeStalin
- Ngo-1951 - Ubulungu kwiRussish Royal Academy yeSayensi
- Ngo-1953 - Ibhaso likaStalin
- Ngo-1954 - iqhawe lomsebenzi wentlalontle
- Ngo-1956 - Ubulungu kwiRoyal Academy yeSayensi yeNetherlands
- Ngo-1959 - ugqirha oHloniphekileyo weSayensi yeDyunivesithi yase-Oxford
- Ngo-1960-unyulo lilungu le-Bhrish Pronics Pronings, iLondon Royal Society, iSizwe leSayensi ye-United States, iAmerican Academy yeSayensi kunye nezoBugcisa. London Fritz Prize, Max Plalck mendol
- Ngo-1962 - Ibhaso leLenin, ibhaso le-NOBEL kwi-physics
- Ngo-1968-I-odolo yeLenin