Biography
I-Konstantin Balmont yimbongi yaseRussia, umguquleli, prose, umgxeki, i-Essist. Ummeli wenkulungwane eqaqambileyo. Wapapasha iingqokelela zeembongi, ezineencwadi ezingama-20. Iguqulelwe inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yababhali bezinye izizwe. I-Konstantin Dmitrievich ngumbhali weZifundo zoLwazi, iZiphumo zePhilological, izincoko ezigxekayo. Imibongo yakhe "i-SnowFleke", "Kazyshey", "I-Autumn", "Ubusika", "ifani" kwaye ezinye ezininzi zibandakanyiwe kwikharityhulamu yesikolo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UKonstantin Balmont wazalwa kwaye waphila ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 kwilali yaseHumishi Shui County Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Intsapho kwintsapho ehlwempuzekileyo, kodwa ibalaseleyo. Utata wakhe, iDhimiry Konstantinovich, okokuqala wasebenza njengejaji, kamva wathatha isikhundla sentloko yeZonkie. Umama uVera Nikolaevna wayevela kusapho, apho babethanda kwaye beluthanda khona uncwadi. Eli bhinqa lahlala phantsi ngokuhlwa, beka iintsebenzo zazenzela iintlungu kwiphephandaba lendawo.
UVera Nikolaevna wayesazi iilwimi ezininzi zasemzini, kwaye wayekholelwa kwisabelo se "Windral", "abantu abangafunekiyo" babehlala besendlwini yabo. Emva koko, wabhala ukuba umama wakhe akazange aqinisekise uthando, kodwa wayifumana iqhina 'lakhe "lakhe." Kusapho, ukongeza kuConstantine, kwakukho oonyana abasixhenxe. Wayengowesithathu. Ukubukela umama kufundisa ileta yabazalwana abadala, inkwenkwana ngokuzilungisa yafunda ukuyifunda kwiminyaka emi-5.
Kuhlala usapho kwiNdlu eye yema phezu kweendawo zokuhlala emlanjeni, ejikelezwe yimiyezo. Ke ngoko, xa yayilixesha lokuba abantwana banikele esikolweni, bafudukela emthungo. Ke, kwafuneka bahlukane nendalo. Inkwenkwe yabhala imibongo yakhe yokuqala kwiminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Kodwa uMama akazange awavumele ukwenza le nto, kwaye akazange abhale nantoni na kwiminyaka emi-6 ezayo.
Ngo-1876, i-Ballant yabhaliswa kwi-Shui Gymnasium. Ekuqaleni, uKochoya wazibonakalisa njengomfundi okhutheleyo, kodwa kungekudala waphulukana nayo yonke le nto. Waba nomdla wokufunda, ngelixa ezinye iincwadi ngesiJamani neFrentshi wazifunda kwasekuqaleni. Ukusuka kwi-Gymnasium, ayifakwanga uqeqesho olugwenxa kunye neemvakalelo zotshintsho. Sele ke wayenenxalenye yesangqa esingekho mthethweni, esasasaza amaphetshana eqela lasimahla.
UKonstantin wafudukela eVladimir kwaye wafunda apho kude kube nge-1886. Ngelixa wayefunda kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, imibongo yakhe yapapashwa kwiMagazini yeMetropolitan "uphononongo oluhle", kodwa lo msitho wawungabonwa. Emva kokuba evele eyunivesithi yaseMoscow kwi-faculty yomthetho. Kodwa apha bekungakulanga ixesha elide.
Wasondela kuPeter Nikolaelaev, owayengumhlambi wamashumi amathandathu. Ke ngoko, ayimangalisi into yokuba emva kweminyaka emi-2 igxothiwe ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kwi-arhente yabafundi. Kwangoko emva kwesi siganeko, wathunyelwa eMoscow ukuba abone.
Ngo-1889, iBalmont yagqiba kwelokuba ibuyele eyunivesithi, kodwa ngenxa yengxaki yovalo, bekungenakwenzeka ukuba ihlawulwe. KwakuMthe tye okufanayo kuye kwaye kwiqela le-Demidov lilele kwiSayensi esemthethweni, apho wafika khona kamva. Emva kwale nzame, wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye umbono wokufumana "imfundo" engenayo ".
Uncwadi
Ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo ye-balmont yabhala xa ibotshwe ebhedini emva kokuzibulala okungaphumelelanga. Ndipapashe incwadi eYaroslavl ngo-1890, kodwa kamva imbongi ngokwayiyonakalisa ngokwahlukileyo kwenxalenye yokujikeleza.
Lonke indawo yokuqala emsebenzini wembongi ithathwa njengeqokelelo "phantsi kweSkok esemantla". Wadibana noluntu ngokuthandwa, njengomsebenzi olandelayo - "kubuninzi bobumnyama" kunye "nokuthula". Ngokuzithandela waqala ukuprinta kwiimagazini zanamhlanje, i-balmont yathandwa, wajongwa ukuba uthembisa 'kwizazi ".
Embindini we-1890s, uqala ukunxibelelana noBrusisov, uMezhkovsky, Hippius. Kungekudala i-Balmont iba lolona lufana luphawu lwePoeet eRussia. Kwiivesi, unomdla kwi-phenomena yehlabathi, kwaye kwezinye zengqokelela ichaphazela izihloko "zedemon". Oku kuyabonakala "kwi-chars embi" ekusasathweni kwakhe kwasasazwa ngabasemagunyeni ngenxa yezizathu zoncedo.
I-Balmont ihamba kakhulu, ukuze umsebenzi wakhe uguqulwe ngemifanekiso yamazwe angaphandle kunye nepolyculture. Abafundi banomdla kwaye bonwabile. Imbongi inamathela ekuphuculeni okuzenzekelayo - akazange abe negalelo kwizicatshulwa, ekholelwa ukuba ingxwaba yokuqala yendalo yayiyeyona ithembekile.
Abantu ababephila ngexesha eliphilayo "babhalwa ngeBalmont ngo-1905, babexatyiswa kakhulu. Le Ngqokelela yeengoma ezimnandi imbongi inikelwe intombi kaNina.
I-Konstantin Dmitevich Balmont yayiyinguqu evuthayo emoyeni nasebomini. Ukuncitshiswa kwendawo yokuzivocavoca kwaye iYunivesithi ayiyeki imbongi. Nje ukuba afunde esidlangalaleni le vesi ivesi "isuntswana encinci", apho wonke umntu abonayo eNikole II. Kule nto bamrhoxisa kwi-St. Petersburg kwaye iminyaka emi-2 bavalwa ukuba bahlale kwizixeko zaseyunivesithi.
Wayemchasa i-Tsarism, ke ukuba nenxaxheba kwakhe kwi-moya yokuqala yaseRussia kwakulindelwe. Ngelo xesha, waba ngabahlobo kunye nemibongo ye-maxim gorky kunye nemibongo ebhalwe nje yokuba kufana namagqabi afanayo amdaka.
Ngexesha likaDisemba 1905 uMvuthu we-moscow, i-balmont ichaza abafundi. Kodwa, uloyiko lokubanjwa, kunyanzelekile ukuba zimke eRashiya. Ukusukela ngo-1906 ukuya ku-1913 ubomi baphila eFransi kwimeko yezopolitiko. Ukuba ngohlobo lwekhonkco, uyaqhubeka nokubhala, kodwa abagxeki bayanda ngakumbi baqalisa ukuthetha malunga nokwehla kobuchule be-balmont. Kwimisebenzi yakhe yokugqibela, babona uhlobo oluthile lwetemplate kwaye besenza ngokwabo.
Imbongi ngokwakhe yaqwalasela incwadi yakhe egqibeleleyo "yezakhiwo ezivuthayo. Umphefumlo womphefumlo wanamhlanje. " Ukuba, ngaphambi kwale qhinga, amazwi akhe agcwele kukulangazelela kunye ne-melancholy, emva koko "izakhiwo ezivuthayo" ezivulekileyo ze-balmont kwelinye icala - "i-solar" kunye namanqaku awonwabisayo avele kulo msebenzi.
Ukubuyela eRussia ngo-1913, wapapasha i-10-tomny imibhalo egqibeleleyo. Kuyasebenza kwiinguqulelo kunye neentetho kweli lizwe. I-balmont ye-balmont ye-calmont ithathelwe ingqalelo ngenkuthalo, njengayo yonke i-Tobligigia. Kodwa kamsinya weza kwisongezo sento eyoyikisayo elizweni.
Xa impumelelo ka-Okthobha yaqala, wayese-St. Petersburg, wathi, "Yayingu" phazine "kunye" nesiphithiphithi ". Ngo-1920, imbongi yafudukela eMoscow, kodwa kungekudala ngenxa yempilo ebuthathaka yomlingane nentombi yakhe yafudukela eFrance nabo. ERussia, akasabuyi.
Ngo-1923, iBalmont ikhuphe i-autobiographies ezimbini - "phantsi kweSherp entsha" kunye "neNdlela yoMoya". Kude kube sisiqingatha sokuqala se-1930s, waqubuda kuyo yonke iYurophu, iintetho zakhe zaphumelela. Kodwa apha iRaaspora yaseRussia aye ayinandiphanga.
Ukutshona kwelanga kobuchule bakhe bokuyiwela ngo-1937, emva koko wapapasha ingqokelela yakhe yokugqibela yemibongo "yenkonzo yokukhanya."
Ubomi Buqu
Ngowe-1889, uKonstantin Balmont watshata intombi ka Ivanovo-Voznesensky merchant - vuyerisa Mikhailovna Malina. Ndazisa umama wabo, kodwa xa wabhengeza injongo yakhe yokutshata, wathetha nxamnye nalo mtshato. UKonstantin wabonakalisa ukungangqinelani kwakhe kwaye waze wasukele intanda yakhe ngesikhewu nosapho.
Akubon 'ukuba kwenziwe, iqabane lakhe elincinci lalixhonyiwe kwikhwele elingathethekiyo. Babesoloko bexabana, eli bhinqa alizange limxhase ngalo naluphi na ubhaliso, okanye kwinzala egudileyo. Abanye abaphengululi baphawula ukuba yayinguloo ongezelela i-balmont kwityala.
NgoMatshi 13, 1890, imbongi igqibe kwelokuba ibulale - watsibela kwibhulorho evela kumgangatho wesithathu wendlu yakhe. Kodwa umzamo ungaphumelelanga - walala ebhedini, kwaye ukwenzakala okwenzakeleyo wahlala eChrome.
Emtshatweni noLarisa, babenabantwana ababini. Umntwana wabo wokuqala wafa kwasebusaneni, owesibini, unyana kaNikolai, wayegula sisifo esothusayo. Ngenxa yoko, uKonstantin noLalsa bangqengqele, watshata intatheli kunye nombhali elnelt.
Ngo-1896, iBalmont itshatile okwesibini. Umfazi wakhe waba ngu-Ekaterina Alekseevna andreeva. Intombazana yayivela kwintsapho etyebileyo - i-Smart, ifundile kwaye intle. Ngokukhawuleza emva komtshato, abathandi baya eFransi. Ngo-1901, babenentombi yeNina. Ngeendlela ezininzi, babemanyaniswe yimisebenzi yoncwadi, bobabini basebenzela kwiinguqulelo.
I-Ekaterina Alekseevna yayingeyonto inamandla, kodwa indlela yokuphila yamaqabane akhe axele. Kwaye yonke into iya kuba ilungile, ukuba bendingakhange ndidibane ne-balmont eParis Elena Konstantinovna tvetkovskaya. Intombazana yayinomdla kwimbongi, yayijongeka ngathi nguwe. Ukususela ngoku wayehlala nosapho lwakhe, emva koko iinyanga ezimbalwa zishiywe ngohambo lwangaphandle ngeCatherine.
Ekugqibeleni ubomi bosapho bakhe badideka xa i-Tsvetkovsky yazala intombi kaMerru. Lo msitho ekugqibeleni ubophe uConstantine ukuya e-Elena, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wayengafuni ukuphembelela no-Andreva. Ukuthuthumbisa ngokunyaniseka kwakhokelela kwi-balmont yokuzibulala. Watsiba efestileni, kodwa, njengokokugqibela, wahlala ephila.
Ngenxa yoko, waqalisa ukuhlala eSt. Petersburg ngentyatyambo kwaye uMirra kwaye ngamanye amaxesha watyelela uMoscow ukuya no-Arereva nentombi yeNina. Emva kwexesha bafudukela eFransi. Apho, i-balmont yaqalisa ukudibana neDagmar shakhivskaya. Akazange ashiye usapho, kodwa adibana nebhinqa rhoqo, yonke imihla babhala iileta zakhe. Ngenxa yoko, wazala abantwana ababini - unyana kaGeorge nentombi yeSvetlana.
Kodwa kwiminyaka yobunzima bobomi bakhe kunye naye, kwakusekho intyatyambo. Wayexelwa kangaka kangangokuba akaphili emva kokuba efile, walandela yena.
Ukufa
Ukufudukela eFrance, waphumelela eRussia. Kodwa impilo yakhe iye yantlitha, zazikho iingxaki zemali, ngoko ke kwakungekho ntetho ngembuyekezo. Wayehlala kwindawo enexabiso eliphantsi ngefestile eyaphukileyo.
Ngo-1937, imbongi ifumene isigulo sengqondo. Ukususela ngoku, akazange abhale imibongo.
NgoDisemba 23, 1942, wasweleka "endlwini yaseRussia", hayi kude neParis, eNyazi-Gran. Unobangela wokufa kwakhe kukuvutha kwemiphunga. Imbongi kubuhlwempu kunye ne-odonion.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1894 - "phantsi kweSky esemantla (i-Elegia, i-Stats, i-sonnets)"
- Ngo-1895 - "kubuninzi beMraka"
- Ngo-1898 - "ukuthula. Imibongo "
- Ngo-1900 - "izakhiwo zendlela yokugqibela yezakhiwo. Ingoma yomphefumlo wale mihla "
- Ngo-1903 - "Siya kuba njengelanga. Incwadi yeempawu »
- Ngo-1903 - "kuphela uthando. I-seiscle
- Ngo-1905 - "I-Liturgy yobuhle. I-HOLMAALY HYMNNS »
- I-1905 - "Iintsomi zeFayile (iingoma zabantwana)"
- Ngo-1906 - "Ushicilelo olubi (Incwadi yeKhwela)"
- Ngo-1906 - "Umbongo"
- Ngo-1907 - "Iingoma zempindezelo"
- I-1908 - "Iintaka Emoyeni (Imigca yokucula)"
- Ngo-1909 - "i-verttodd eluhlaza (amagama okuqabula)"
- Ngo-1917 - "Zonyoko lweLanga, ubusi nenyanga"
- Ngo-1920 - "raward"
- Ngo-1920 - "imibongo yesixhenxe"
- Ngo-1922 - "Ingoma Yale Hammer"
- Ngo-1929 - "Dali (umbongo malunga neRussia)"
- Ngo-1930 - "isishwankathelo seshawari"
- Ngo-1937 - "Indlu yokukhanya"