Biography
Kunyana weembongi ezintathu ezimangalisayo zenkulungwane edluleyo, ngokuchasene ne-potem, ubume abukaxhathisi. Ngaphandle kokubanjwa kunye neminyaka eli-14 ubudala, ebiwe ziinkampu zeStalin, uLevilev washiya uphawu oluqaqambileyo kwinkcubeko nakwisayensi yaseRussia. Isithandi-sobulumko, umbhali-mbali, i-geographic, i-Archaeologist kunye nenzululwazi ye-oriental kunye nenzululwazi ye-oriental kunye ne-oriental kunye nenzululwazi eyadlulisela iMfundiso edumileyo yeLifa leSithuba seSayensi. Kwaye waqalisa imibongo kunye nemibongo, esazi iilwimi ezintandathu, eguqulela amakhulu emisebenzi yabanye abantu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ukuphela konyana ka-Anna Akhimatova noNikolai Gumileev wazalelwa ekuweni kuka-1912 kwi-vasilytevy Island, kwindawo yokuhlala ye-Empsress Alexandra Fedovna. Baby bazali bazisa kwilali yaseRoyal kwaye babhaptiza kungekudala kwi-Ekaterninsky Catcadral.
Ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi, unyana weembongi ezimbini wayekhathalela umakhulu wakhe, umama uNikolai Gumileev. Umntwana akazange atshintshe ikhondo eliqhelekileyo labazali, bangenise imfundo ngokulula kwaye zonke iinkxalabo malunga nenkwenkwe uAvanovna Gumileva. Emva kwexesha, uLevi ninaYevich uza kubhala ukuba uMama notata baphantse babona ebuntwaneni bakhe, uMakhulu wabakhulu.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala, inkwenkwe ikhulele kubumfama, indawo kagogo, kwindawo yeBezhetsky yePhondo. Kodwa kwinguqulelo yovuko ngo-1917 i-Gumlev, eyoyika i-gesual galela, ishiye indlwane eqhelekileyo. Ukuthatha ithala leencwadi kunye nenxalenye yefanitshala, umfazi onomzukulwana wafudukela eBetzok.
Ngo-1918, abazali baqhawule umtshato. Ehlotyeni lonyaka, uAna uIvanovna wafudukela kunyana wakhe kwiPetrograd. Unyaka umfana onxibelelana noYise, ehamba noNikolai Stepanovich kwiZenzo zoNcwadi, bahlala kumama. Kungekudala abazali basenza iintsapho ezintsha: IGumilev yatshata noAna Engelshardt, ngo-1919 babenentombi ka-Elena. I-Akhimatova yayihlala kunye ne-Asyriologist vladimir hileiko.
Ngehlobo lowe-1919, umakhulu wakhe kunye nomkhwenyana omtsha kunye nabantwana baya eBezhetsk. Ngamaxesha athile uNikolai tumilev ngamanye amaxesha wayeqhuba usapho. Ngo-1921, uLeo wafunda ngokufa kukayise.
E-Bezhetsk, ubutsha boLevi Gumotdov zenzekile. Ukuya kwiminyaka eli-17 watshintsha izikolo ezi-3. Ubudlelwane noontanga abakhange baphule ubudlelwane. Ngokweenkumbulo yabantu eklasini, uLeva wayegcine indlu. U-'omomol wakhawuleza wamngqongela ukuba akamangalisi: Kwisikolo sokuqala 'unyana classian Allien Airtone "ekhohlo ngaphandle kweencwadi zezifundo, ezixhomekeke kubafundi.
Utatomkhulu waguqulelwa umzukulwana kwisikolo sesibini, uloliwe, apho uAnna Sverchkova wafundisa, intombi kunye nengelosi enobubele yosapho. ULevilev wenza ubuhlobo kunye noCeotander Olexander Pererin, awayebhalwa kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba afe.
Kwisikolo sesithathu, esabizwa ngokuba yi-1st yeSoviet, ubuchule boLwazi baseGumyolov butyhilwe. Umfana wabhala la manqaku kunye namabali kwiphephandaba lesikolo, ukuba ifumene iprimiyamu enye. I-LE: yaba ngundwendwe rhoqo kwilayibrari yeSixeko, apho wayethetha khona neengxelo zoncwadi. Ngeli xesha, i-biography yedyasi ye-petersburger yaqala, i-"yokuqala" yavela kuyo utata.
Umama watyelelwa e-Bezhetsk ukuya kunyana wakhe kabini: ngo-1921, ngeKrisimesi, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-4, ehlotyeni. Rhoqo ngenyanga wathumela i-ruble i-25, wanceda ukuba asinde kwintsapho, kodwa apha iimvavanyo zombongo zoNyana ziziva zingqongqo.
Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni ngo-1930, kwafika uLeningrad, kwathiwa, ngelo xesha wayehlala noNikolai waseWikolai waseWitonin. Kwisixeko saseNeva, umfana oselula waphinda wagqiba kwelokuba afudukele kwiklasi yokuthweswa isidanga kwaye walungiselela ukwamkelwa kwiZiko le-Herzenov. Kodwa ingxelo kaGumilele ayizange yamkele ngenxa yemvelaphi.
UNicholas Pumin wadibana ne-Hileva ukuya kumzi-mveliso. Ukusuka apho, ingonyama itshintshele kwi-Dem Depot kwaye ibhaliswe ngotshintshiselwano lomsebenzi, ukusuka apho wathunyelwa khona kwizifundo, apho walungisa uhambo lwejografi. Kwiminyaka yokuphucula imizi-mveliso, uhambo lwalungelelwanga kwisixa esikhulu, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, abazange bajonge ngokusondeleyo imvelaphi yabo. Ke i-Vumilev ngo-1931 yaqala ukuya kuhambo oluya eBhajuker.
Ilifa
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lweebhayiloji, i-Gumilev yatyelela ekuchitheni izihlandlo ezingama-21. I-TRIPS, wafumana imali kwaye waziva ezimeleyo, engaxhomekekanga kumama noPin, engengabo ubudlelwane obulula.
Ngo-1932, uLeo waya kwinyanga ezili-11 ukuya kwinyanga yeTajikistan. Emva kokuba ungquzulwano lweNtloko yoThintelo (uGumileva watyholwa ngokuzama ukwaphula uqeqesho-Ukuzama ukufundisisa i-Amphibians) Ukuzinza kwifama kaRhulumente: ngemigangatho ye-1930s, babehlawulwa kwaye bondlekile. Ukunxibelelana neDehkans, i-Gumilev funda ulwimi lwesiTajik.
Emva kokuba bebuyele ekhaya ngo-1933, kwakuthatha ukuguqulela imibongo yababhali beManyano yeManyano, eyamzisa umvuzo othobekileyo. NgoDisemba waloo nyaka, umbhali wabanjwa okokuqala, ebamba iintsuku ezili-9, kodwa akazange abuncile.
Ngo-1935, unyana weyunivesithi yesibini yeklasi nganye yangena kwiDyunivesithi yeConcinti yeKhofu, enyula i-faculty yembali. Abasebenzi abafundisi beDyunivesithi yayiyi-Pepel Spotral: I-Egyptologist Vasily Solom Lirie Lirie Lirie, China Nikolai wabiza umcebisi kunye nomfundisi kungekudala.
I-Gumlev yayiyehlelo ngaphezulu kwabalingane eklasini kwaye yabangela ukuncoma ulwazi olunzulu kunye noxinzelelo. Kodwa ixesha elide ukushiya uNyana woMfanekiso woNyana "watshaba kwabantu kwaye wayengafuni ukucula inkqubo yaseSoviet, abasemagunyeni bange bafune. Kwabanye ngo-1935 wabanjwa okwesibini. UAnna Akhimatova waguqukela kuJoseph Stalin, ecela ukuba ayeke abantu ababiza kakhulu (kwangaxeshanye i-pumin).
Zombini zikhutshwe ngesicelo seStalin, kodwa uLeo wagxothwa eyunivesithi. Kwindodana, ukuncitshiswa kube yintlekele: I-Scholarship kunye neSonkan yeSonkava i-ruble i-ruble i-ruble i-ruble i-ruble evumelekileyo ukuba isuse izindlu kwaye ingabi yindlala. Ngehlobo lowe-1936, iLevi yaya kuhambo olungeyoDon, kwindlela yokuhlala yendawo yeKhazastar. Ngo-Okthobha, ulonwabo olukhulu lomfundi lwabuyiselwa eyunivesithi.
Ulonwabo luye lwapha: Ngo-Matshi 1938, ingonyama i-Gumileva yabanjwa okwesithathu, emnika iminyaka emi-5 ye-Unilerk Need. Enkampini, umbhali-mbali waqhubeka ebhala i-thesis, kodwa ayengakwazi na ngaphandle kwemithombo yolwazi. Kodwa ngesangqa sonxibelelwano Gumlev yayinethamsanqa: phakathi kwamabanjwa yayingumbala we-Intemigia.
Ngo-1944, wacelwa ngaphambili. Emva kweenyanga ezimbini zokufunda, hit i-Reserve Rement Remoriment. I-Devibialise, yabuyela esixekweni kwi-neva yaphumelela ukuba ifunde e-Easta. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1940 ikhuselwe, kodwa ayizange ifumane isidanga somgqatswa. Ngo-1949, uGumilev wanikwa iminyaka eli-10 yeenkampu, ukuboleka izityholo ezivela kwimeko yangaphambili. Ukohlwaywa kombhali-mbali kwakusebenza eKazakhstan naseSiberia.
Ukukhutshwa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwenzeke ngo-1956. Emva kweminyaka emi-6 yokusebenza eHermetage, i-Gumileva yathatha ilizwe kwi-faography lsu, apho wasebenza khona de kwango-1977. Ngenxa yoko umhlala phantsi. Ngo-1961, iSayensi yakukhusela i-Destarrals yakhe kwimbali, yaye ngo-1974 kwiJografi (isidanga sesayensi ayizange yamkele i-wak).
Ngo-1960s, uGumilev uzibophelela kwiprayilini onentsingiselo ekugqityweni kwethiyori yenkanyanya yase-ECOGOGINE, echaza injongo yokuhambahamba kunye nephetshane lembali. Oovimba ababalaseleyo bagxeka ithiyori ngokubiza isayensi sobuxoki.
Uninzi lwababhali-mbali ngeli xesha kunye nomsebenzi ophambili we-Ingonyama Gumonevv, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Eknogenesis kunye neNdalo yoMhlaba", ayizange iqinisekile. Umphandi unamathele kumbono wokuba amaRussia ayinzala ye-TATI eyathabatha ubhaptizo, naseRussia - ukuqhubeka kweHorde. Ke, i-Russia ivalela i-Russian-Turkic-Mongolity Xhosa-Imvelaphi yase-Eurasian. Oku malunga nale ncwadi idumileyo yombhali "ukusuka eRussia ukuya eRussia". Isihloko esifanayo siphuhlisa kwi-monograph "i-rus yamandulo yakudala kunye ne-steppe enkulu."
Abagxeki beLev Gumot, ehlonipha izimvo ezintsha zomphandi kunye nolwazi olukhulu, obizwa ngokuba ngumbhali-mbali onemiqathango. " Kodwa abafundi bawukhusela uLeo nikolayevich kwaye wayethatyathwa njengenzululwazi, wayenabalandeli abanetalente.
Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, i-Gumilev ipapasha imibongo, kwaye abantu bexesha elide baphawula ukuba imibongo yoNyana ayinaphantsi kumagcisa emibongo yabazali. Kodwa inxalenye yelifa lemibongo ilahlekile, kwaye iVumilev yayingenalo ixesha lokupapasha imibhalo eyalondolozwayo. Uhlobo lwesitayile se-poetic buxhomekeke kwinkcazo, awayinika imbongi: "uNyana wokugqibela wesilivere."
Ubomi Buqu
Indoda iyile kwaye eluthandweni, uGumilev wafumana ekuthinjweni kopelo lwesetyhini ephindaphindiweyo. Kwinkonzo yeLeniningrad, apho kuhlala khona, nabahlobo, bafundi kunye nothando.
Kwindla ekwindla emva kowe-1936, i-LEV Gumilev yadibana ne-Mongolia eyenziwa nguNamlikev. Kwisifundo esincinci se-orrakh, ingonyama eneminyaka engama-24, iinwele ezinemida kunye ne-Aristocract, zenza umbono oqinisekileyo. Emva kweeklasi, esi sibini sahamba ecaleni kweYunivesithi yaseyunivesithi, sathetha nge-puckkin, imbali, i-archaeology. IRoma ithathelwe ukubanjwa ngo-1938.
Ndikunye nebhinqa lesibini, i-Natalia Valbanbanbanbats kwi-nicmamelimed intaka, iGumilev nayo yadibana nethala leencwadi ngo-1946. Kodwa ubuhle buyayithanda i-patud yakhe - umbhali-mbali otshatileyo otshatileyo uVladimir Lublinsky.
Ngo-1949, xa umbhali kunye nososayensi bajoyina inkampu, uNatalia noLevi balwela kwakhona. Iileta zothando ezingama-60 zagcinwa zibhaliwe nge-Gumile Compain yeThala leeNcwadi loLuntu lase-Varbanese. Kwimyuziyam yombhali kukho imizobo yeentaka awazithumileyo enkampini. Emva kokubuya kweLevilev Gumilev neNatalia, isithixo esihlala inguLublin.
Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1950, ingonyama uNikolayevich yavela i-National New-Natalia Kataliavich, owayengene kwithala leencwadi leHermitage, kwitafile echaseneyo. Kwingcaciso yempikiswano, i-Gumilev yaluphulukene nentombazana, kodwa abazali banyanzelisa ukuba kuqhekezwe ubudlelwane. Ngokufanayo, c Kazelovavich Les Nikolayevich I-Contrector ye-Tatiana Kryukov, ngubani ofunde amanqaku akhe kunye neencwadi zakhe.
IRoma i-Nilovoy, ubuhle obutsha bakutshata kwiHermitage, thabatha owona mtshato wombhali ngo-1968.
Ndikunye nenkosikazi yakhe uNatali Simonovskaya, Moscow Artist-Ishedyuli, omncinci kangangesi-8, i-Gumilev yadibana kwilindle ngo-1966. Ubudlelwane obuphuhliswa kancinci, kwakungekho kutshutshiswa kwenkanuko. Kodwa sonke siphila iminyaka engama-25 ubudala, kwaye abahlobo bombhali babiza usapho olululo: Umfazi ozinikele kumfazi onetalente, eshiya zonke iiklasi ezidlulileyo, abahlobo kunye nomsebenzi.
Kwakungekho abantwana abavela kwisibini: badibana xa uLeru Gumilev wafumana i-55, kwaye umfazi ngu-46. I-Gumiles kwi-Naturalia Gumileva kunye ne-National Stander phakathi kweMoscow elungileyo. Xa indlu, ngenxa yolwakhiwo olungelelekweyo okufutshane, wacela, esi sibini safudukela kwindlu eKolomna, apho wayehlala khona de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe. Namhlanje, umbhali wemyuziyam uvulekile apha.
Ukufa
Ngo-1990s, ingonyama inguGumorinyov yafunyaniswa inesitayile, kodwa isazinzulu sathatha umsebenzi, siphelela ebhedini. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wasuswa iGallbladder. Ukusebenza kwendoda eneminyaka engama-79 ubudala kwabandezeleka kakhulu.
Iiveki ezi-2 zokugqibela zeGumilev zazikwi-coma. Yahlulwa kwizixhobo zenkxaso zobomi nge-15 kaJuni, 1992.
Ukungcwatyelwa unyana ka-Akethmatova kufutshane neAlexander Nevsky Lavra, kwiindawo zeNikolsky.
NgoSeptemba 2004, ingcwaba lomfazi wayo lavela ecaleni kwengcwaba laseLeo Gumileva: UNatalia wasinda khona umyeni wakhe kangangeminyaka eli-12.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Ndikunye noMama Gumilev khange athethe iminyaka emihlanu yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Ngerieeemem, Akhmatova ebizwa ngokuba yi-leo "ungunyana kunye nesoyikiso sam".
- UGumilev akazange anyamezele iitapile kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba ubunzulu obunzulu bobomi beRashiya. UNatalia Viktovna wakhulelwa ngokuhlaziya isobho.
- Isikhululo sikaloliwe saseGumilev savela kumgaqo-siseko ngeyure ngaphambi kokuba ihambe-yintoni ukuba bathumela ngaphambili?
- Ephesheya, uLevi Gumilev watyelela ekuphela kwexesha ngo-1966, esenza uhambo lokuya kwiCraguelogical ePrague.
- Ekupheleni kobomi, umbhali wayethanda abacuphi kunye nentsomi yesayensi. Ukhethe umsebenzi we-ray bradbury, stanislav lema, i-arrislady kunye neBoris Stirky, Agatu Christie.
- I-Gumilev Terepo yayinganxila kunye nokutshaya. Uye waphikisana ukuba "i-vodka ngumbono wengqondo". I-Gumilev itshaye de kube sekupheleni kobomi 'obuhle bobumhlophe ", ukubeka icuba elitsha ukusuka enkundleni. Wayekholelwa ukuba ukutshaya kwakungayingozi.
- Inqaku elingaqhelekanga lobuntu baseGumilev yayinguTurkopilia. Ukususela ngo-1960, watshintsha ngakumbi iileta zakhe "Arlan-Beck" (uguqulelo olubilini emva kwengonyama ngolwimi lwaseTurkic).
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1960- "Hongna: Ephakathi iAsia kumaxesha amandulo"
- Ngo-1962 - "feat bakhrama chubina"
- Ngo-1966 - "Ukuvula iKhazaria"
- Ngo-1967 - "iTurks yakudala"
- Ngo-1970 - "Ukukhangela Ubukumkani Obunyani"
- Ngo-1970 - "I-Cynogenesis kunye ne-ElethLophed"
- Ngo-1973 - "Hunny eTshayina"
- Ngo-1975 - "I-Sturdooburyt Peeble
- Ngo-1987 - "Millenium ejikeleze i-caspian"
- Ngo-1989 - "i-ethnogenesis kunye nendalo yomhlaba"
- Ngo-1989 - "iRus yakudala kunye neSteppe" enkulu "
- 1992 - "Ukusuka eRussia ukuya eRussia"
- 1992 - "ukuphela kunye nesiqalo esitsha"
- Ngo-1993 - "Ukuhlathi: Imbali yabantu kunye nembali yendalo"
- Ngo-1993 - "Ukusuka kwimbali ye-Eurasia"