Biography
I-Columbus yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini-ke yabizwa ngokuba ngumhambi waseNorway, iArchaeologists, umbhali-mbali kunye notyelelo olubhaliweyo heyerdal. Ngo-1999, abantu belizwe bamqonda ngoyena mntu udumileyo wenkulungwane edluleyo, kuba omnye umntu ovela kumazwe aphumelele ukufumana amabanga ali-12 avela kwiiyunivesithi ze-European naseMelika.
Iincwadi zento enkulu yokuziqhelanisa ne-Archeology ye-Archeology yasebenza njengomthombo wokuphefumlelwa kwabahambi basetyhini abaselula, kunye ne-Hoedal kon-Tikar ". Umhambi odumileyo watyelela zonke iikona zehlabathi kwaye ngovavanyo lwangqina ukuba iilwandle azingqineki, kodwa qhagamshela abantu.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umphengululi ozayo wamazwekazi kunye neelwandlekazi ezimazantsi eNorway wazalwa, kwi-proce ye-larvik. Intloko yentsapho yayizala ibhiya kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala encinci, umama, i-fan yeemfundiso zikaCharles Darwin, esebenza kwiMyuziyam ye-Anthropology. Yayingunyana wakhe ovusayo umdla wokufundisisa ilizwe kuko konke ukwahluka kwakhe.
Lo mfo wangena ebulumkweni we-zoology kwaye wafumana eyakhe "zoomis" kwigumbi, awayejongeka kuye. Umboniso ophambili weMyuziyam yayinguGaduk. Kodwa into yamanzi ukuya kwi-navigator yexesha elizayo iphefumlelwe koloyiko: Ebuntwaneni nolutsha nolutsha, ukhenketho oluhle kakhulu ekufeni, phantse lwatshona.
Emva kwexesha, umhambi wavuma ukuba kwiminyaka eli-17 ubudala nokuba uza kuba kukwivenkile yolwandlekazi enqanaweni yasekhaya bekuya kumkhokelela ekubeni amoyike. Kodwa kwi-22 heyderl iphumelele uloyiko: Ukuwela kuMlambo wesaqhwithi, wafumana umhlaba waziva enqabile into.
Ngo-1933, umfana oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala waba ngumfundi weyunivesithi yakudala yelizwe, ekwikomkhulu. Njengoko bekucwangcisiwe, wangena kwi-famul yendalo, apho wangena kwihlabathi elichulumancisayo lesayensi ngentloko.
Iindlela zokuhamba
Emva kokuphumelela kwi-7 yeDyunivesithi, ukhenketho heeerdal uphume namaziko amabini aseJamani. UChristina Bonnevi no-Elmar Brock baqulunqa iprojekthi evumelekileyo ukuba iphonononge izilwanyana ezikude zasePolynesian. Injongo yale projekthi kukufumanisa ukuba kufunyenwe njani izilwanyana zasesi siqithi.
Heeerdal, waphupha ngokuhamba kwaye uphantsi komhlaba ongafunyanwanga, kudala balungiselelwe uhambo. Eyunivesithi, wasondela kwinzululwazi yaseNorway kunye nomhambi owayehlala iminyaka eliqela ePolynesia Islands. I-bierne firhersher ingenele intembeko yeenkokheli zaseTaitia kwaye yathatha ingqokelela yento yesiqithi yeSiqithi.
Uhambo oluza kubhalisa uHeeerdal olwenziwayo ukuba lusebenzise ithala leencwadi apho isayensi yolutsha ifunde ulwazi lobomi kwiziqithi ezingaqondakaliyo. Ubuhlobo bokukhawuleza, kwaye kamva noProfilegs baseBerlin banika isiseko apho i-heyderdal ityhalele ekubeni kukhangelwa kwesayensi.
Ngo-1937, isayensi nomfazi oselula uLiv wemka kwiziqithi zeMarquis. Indlela eyandula ukusasazeka kwe-marseille, ukusuka apho ukuya kuthi ga kwi-Atlanti yoLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic nasePanAma isibini lawela amanzi ePasifiki kwaye yafika kwinjongo yokugqibela - tahiti.
Kwisiqithi sabantu abasandul 'ukutshata kwindlu yenkokeli, onoMvana kunye notyelelo olude noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka luwile kangangokuba intloko yesizwe semvelo samkelekile, sinika igama lesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza.
Ukhenketho kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kwaqondwa yisayensi yokusinda ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zempucuko, besebenzisa inyani yokuba indalo inikiwe. Sasifunda isiqithi seFlora kunye neFaunada. Kunyaka kamva, umphandi wachaza i "Taitian" Isahluko sebhayiloji kwincwadi yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuba "sikhangela iParadesi".
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1940, ukhenketho lweHaeerdal lwahambahamba elunxwemeni lweBritish Columbia ukufunda inani labemi baseIndiya. Kodwa imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini iphazamise umsebenzi wesayensi owayejonga ityala lokujoyina uluhlu lomkhosi.
EBritani, Heeerdal wafunda kwi-radar kwaye, kunye nomkhosi wamanyene, ilizwe lakhulula ilizwe labantu baseNazi. Kwisibindi esibonakalayo sanikwa amabhaso, kwaye ukukodwa okufumanekayo kweza ngokuhambahamba kwindawo yokuba inzululwazi iqhubeke emva kwemfazwe.
Ngo-1946, i-heyerdal yotyelelo, ukuhlalutya izixhobo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwezakhiwo zangaphambi kwemfazwe, ibeke phambili i-hypothesis enesibindi malunga nabantu abavela eMelika, kwaye hayi mpuma e-Asia, njengoko amambali ayimfuneko kwi-Asia, njengoko amambali ayithathelwa ingqalelo ngaphambi koko. Uninzi lwabantu abasebenza nabo kunye nezazinzulu, kwaye, ukuze ubonakalise ubulungisa, buqokelele uhambo. Umnqweno wokuqhubeka nohambo kunye no-Norway baveze amanye amathandazwe kunye nakwiSwede.
EPeru, iiKhrimu abathathi-nxaxheba zenza idrafti, bembiza ngokuba "yi-Con-Tika", kwaye wangena kumaza oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Emva kwe-101, uSuku lweRhafti lubekwe kwi-cliffs ye-Tuamot Islands.
Ngenxa yoko, inzululwazi yangqina ukuba kwi-raft yekhaya kunye ne-cuils, ekucandwe ngoku, unokunyikima ulwandle kwaye unokoyisa eziqithini zePolynesia. Ke ngokombono wakhe, kwenziwa oonyana basePolynesia, oku kwathiwa kwi-chiefmings yabacweqili baseSpain.
Ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokufika kotyelelo lwe-heyerdal echazwe kwiNcwadi yesibini, eyaba ngumthengisi we "hambo oluya eKon-Tiki. Isincoko esinomdla kunye nengqondo satshintshelwa kwiilwimi ezingama-66, kunye nefilimu ebhaliweyo malunga nabahambi ngeenqanawa ngo-1952 bafumana i-oscar. I-Heyerdal ngokwakhe isuse iteyiphu.
Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1950s, inzululwazi yaya kuphonononga i-Ista yeSiqithi kwaye kwiziphumo zohambo wabhala umthengisi omtsha, ombiza ngokuba ngu "Aku-Aku. Imfihlakalo yesiqithi sePasika. " Njengazo zonke iincwadi, ezipapashwe ukusuka phantsi koomama kwinzululwazi yaseNorway, incwadi yafumana impendulo eshushu yabafundi kwihlabathi liphela.
Kuhambo, utyelelo Heeerdal waba nomdla kwiinqanawa ze-cane. Ngo-1969, umphandi waqesha iinqanawa kwiLake Chad. Abekhi, ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zemizobo kunye nemizobo yenqanawa yamandulo yase-Egypt yase-Egypt, yenze inqanawa ukusuka kwinqanawa yecane yecane, eyafunyanwa kwichibi laseTiyopiya.
Isikhephe, iqela elinike igama elithi "R Ri", liphuma kunxweme lweMorocco. Kodwa wahlala kumaza e-Atlantic kangangeeveki ezininzi kwaye waqalisa. Iqela lishiye "ra".
Ngeminyaka yee-1970, ukhenketho lwe-herdal nogqirha kunye nomhambi ovela eRussia Yuri ye-gechvich kunye nabanye oogxa abahlanu abavela kumazwe onke angeniswe kwi "Ra-II", ngokusekelwe kwiimpazamo zangaphambili zeBolivie Masters. Amalungu ohambo afikelela kwinjongo - isiqithi saseBarbados. I-Heyerdal yangqina ukuba iindlela zamandulo zase-Egypt zaseYiputa zisebenzisa iiseyile kwaye i-canary yangoku yoyisa ulwandle kunye nokuhamba elunxwemeni lwaseMelika. Kwaye ekuqaleni, engaphumelelanga, nakwesibini owaphumelela impumelelo, iikopi ezithathe inxaxheba kwi-senkevich.
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1978, abahambi batshisa ngokuyilungele ukuhamba "Tigris", qhatha kwimfazwe. I-heyerdal ye-heyerdal ibophelele kwileta eya kwi-UNADHheim ye-UN kwaye kubo bonke abantu abakholekileyo, becela ukucinga malunga ne-tiction yempucuko, enokutshisa i-tigris ".
Ngo-1983-84, iNorway yazihlolisisa ii-mounds ngaphambili ezifunyenwe eMaldives, zafumana iziseko neentendelezo, "zalindelwa" empumalanga, kunye namatye amakhulu eenqanawa zakudala. Zonke zibonwa zichazwe kwincwadi ethi "I-Maldives".
Ebutsheni bowe-1990, inzululwazi eyaya eTenerife kwaye yavavanya iipiramidi zeYunivesithi yaseGuimar. I-Hey Deerdal yayiyeyokuqala ukuba icinge ukuba ezi zihlelo zakhiwe, kwaye hayi ijethi yamatye, njengoko bekudala becinga. Ngo-1993, uHeyderdal ukhenketho kumajelo kwaye wafumana iipiramidi zakwakhiwe ngenkulungwane ye-15 iqatha izizwe zaseGuangchi.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2000, umhambi waya eRussia, enomdla wokufumana ubungqina bokuba amaNxwezwe afike kwimimandla ngoku exakeke ngunxweme lweAzov. Inzululwazi yahlalutya imbonisi kwaye ichazwe ekubunjweni "yokukhangela i-odin. Emanyathelweni exesha lethu elidlulileyo. "
Undwendwele i-Norweitistitist-charway kunye neCaucasus, echithe imitha kuDon. Wabeka phambili ithiyori ye-Steppe Steppe kwingingqi ye-Azov ukuya kwi-Scandinavia, eyazisa ukuhamba kokugxekwa kwababhali kunye nabaphandi, ababiza umphandi. Kodwa akukho mntu unokuvumela ngokuvakalayo inguqulelo ye-heyardala.
Ubomi Buqu
Iqabane lokuqala lomphengululi laliyingcali yezempilo yokusekwa kwe-liv ksuron-torp. Ngentombazana yentombazana heyerdal yadibana eyunivesithi. Nge-liv, waya kuhambo lokuqala ngokuchitha i-honeymoon kwindlu yenkokeli eTahiti. Emva koko abantu abatshatileyo bafudukela kwenye yeziqithi zeMarquis, apho unyaka nonyaka uhlala khona ukufezekiswa kwempucuko.
Imfazwe kunye nolu hambo lulandelayo eKon-Tika lwawasusa amaqabane. Ukuqhelana nobuhle bukaIvonne Dedekam Simonsen Beka inqaku kumtshato wangaphambili, apho babekhe bakubon 'ukuba bahambele oonyana ababini.
I-heyerdal itshatile. UIvonne wamnika umyeni wakhe kwiintombi ezintathu. Eli bhinqa lihamba neqabane lelona ntlobo linobungozi kwaye lazisa i-odolo kwizindlu ezibini zeHiydal - e-Oslo nase-Itali.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1960, umhambi wahlukana noIvonne. Umtshato wesithathu wenzeka ngo-1991, xa i-heyerdal yajika i-77. I-French Jacqueline Bir, ophumeleleyo woPhuculo lobuhle, watshata notyelelo kwaye wayehlala naye de kwasekupheleni kobomi. Ekuqaleni, esi sibini sanoyolo kwi-Italian Riviera, emva koko amaqabane aqhubile kwiTenerife.
Ukufa
Ukhenketho heeerdal wasweleka ngentwasahlobo yowama-2001. Inzululwazi yeminyaka engama-87 ubudala ibhubhile i-turumu yengqondo e-Itali, kwindawo entle kwidolophu yaseYolessio. Emva kokuphela kwakuphela kwabantwana kunye neJacqueline. Inyanga ngaphambi kokuba kufa i-heydal yelahleko kunye nokutya.
Ingcwatywe umhambi odumileyo kwipropathi yase-Itali. Ilitye lesikhumbuzo liye kutyelelo lokubulela.
Ngo-2006, "uKoon-Tika" waqhutywa ukukhutshwa kweTangaroa (igama le-Polynesia lasePolynesia) ukusuka kubantu abathandathu, phakathi kwabo umzukulwana wesicamango wezayensi ye-hayernal.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1938 - "Ukukhangela IParadesi"
- Ngo-1948 - "Uhambo lokuya" Con-Tika "»
- Ngo-1952 - "I-Adventures yethiyori enye"
- Ngo-1957 - "Aku-Aku. Imfihlakalo yeZiqithi ze-Ista
- Ngo-1970 - "R ra"
- Ngo-1974 - "I-Fatu-Khhva. Buyela kwindalo "
- Ngo-1975 - "ART yeSiqithi seIsta"
- Ngo-1978 - "Indoda yakudala nolwandle"
- Ngo-1979 - "Uhambo" Tigris "
- Ngo-1986 - "Imfihlakalo ye-Malseni"
- Ngo-1989 - "I-Ista Island: Imfihlakalo Emangalisayo"
- 1992 - "ulwandle olusesichengeni"
- 1998 - "Emanyango ka-Adam"
- Ngo-2001 - "ekufuneni enye. Emanyathelweni edlulileyo "
Izinto ezifunyenwe
- I-heyerdal ibonakalise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwempucuko yeMeditera kunye noMzantsi Melika
- I-heyerdal ye-heyerdal ibeka phambili i-hypothesis ebizwa ngokuba yiPolynesia ivela eMelika, kwaye ingabikho mpuma-mpuma yeAsia
- Ibonakalise ukuba kungenxa yokuqulunqa loLwandle lwePasifiki kwigumbi laseNtshona ukusuka kwinxalenye ephakathi yoMzantsi Merika
- I-heyerdal ye-heyerdal ifumene i-inki yegolide engathandekiyo
- Umhambi wafumanisa ukuba iphiramidi eshiyekileyo kwisiqithi saseTenerife, echaza uluvo malunga nokuqhelaniswa kwezakhiwo
- Ndibonakalisile ukungabinakho ukugcina i-coconut yamantongomane kumanzi olwandle, oko kuthetha ukuba ukungakwazi kwelineri engaqhelekanga (ngemithi) ye-coconut ye-coconut ukusuka eMzantsi Merika kwisiqithi sasePolynesia. Imbewu ithuke abantu
- Ubonakalise ubukho bobudlelwane kwezorhwebo phakathi kwempucuko yaseIndiya kunye neMesopotamiya