Biography
UCyril noMethodius badume kwihlabathi liphela njengamagumbi okholo lobuKristu nababhali be-ABC. I-biography yebhayiloji yabantu abakhulu, uCyril unikezelwe kwi-ofisi eyahlukileyo yobomi, edalwe kwangoko emva kokusweleka kwendoda. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukuba uqhelene nembali emfutshane yekati yaba bashumayeli kunye nabasunguli boonobumba kwizibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zabantwana. Abazalwana bane-icon yabo, apho baboniswa kunye. Iphathwa yimithandazo malunga nezifundo ezilungileyo, ithamsanqa labafundi, elongeza ingqondo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UCyril noMetholius bazalelwa kwiSixeko saseSongani saseSongani (i-Thessaloniki yangoku) kwintsapho yomphathi-zintamo, enobubele nezityebi. Imodks zekamva yayikhula kunye nabazalwana abahlanu.
Phambi kwendoda, i-mikhail neKonstantini ibiyinxibile, kwasekuqalekeni komhla wamashumi amabini anesibhozo, noKonstantin ngomhla wama-827. Ngokuphathelele uhlanganiso losapho kwizangqa zababhali-mbali, iimbambano azisabhalisi. Ezinye zezabantu eziSlavs, kuba aba bantu banomnqundo ngokugqibeleleyo ngeSlavic. Abanye bachazwa nguBulgarian kwaye, kunjalo, iingcambu zobuGrike.
Amakhwenkwe afumana imfundo eqaqambileyo, kwaye xa babengena, iindlela zabo zazahlulwa. UMedius washwankathela ukuya emkhosini wokukhuselwa komhlobo othembekileyo wosapho kunye ne-Doros nase-Roros kwiPhondo laseByzantine. KwiNkosi yaseSlavic "wazimisa njengomlawuli osisilumko nonobulungisa.
I-cyrill ukusuka ebuntwaneni abancinci yayikuthanda iincwadi zokufunda, ibetha imemori ebalaseleyo kunye nezakhono zeSayensi, ngaphandle kwePolyglot - i-Greevic, i-Aramic. Kwiminyaka engama-20, umfana onesidanga seyunivesithi, sele efundisile iziseko zentanda-bulumko kwiSikolo seNkundla kwiTsargrad.
Ubulungiseleli bobuKristu
I-cyril ifihlakeleyo inqabile ngomsebenzi wempangelo, nangona ithuba elinjalo lalinikezelwa. Umtshato kwi-skeleton ye-ofisi ye-Tsarist eByzantium wavula amathemba e-dizzey-ubunkokeli bommandla waseMakedoni, emva koko uluhlu lomphathi-mali. Nangona kunjalo, abasetekisi abancinci (uKonstantin bajika beneminyaka eli-15 kuphela ubudala) bakhetha ukungena kwindibano yecawe.
Xa sele efundise eyunivesithi, indoda yakwazi ukuphumelela impikiswano yasebusweni ngenkokeli ye-ICOnoborets, eyayikade yaziwa nguJohn John Gramar, kwaziwa phantsi kwegama le-AMmonium. Nangona kunjalo, eli bali lithathwa njengentsomi entle.
Owona msebenzi ophambili kurhulumente wase-Byzantium ngelo xesha yayisomeleza kunye ne-propaganda ye-orthodoxy. Ngokudibeneyo kunye neediplomats, ezazigxothwa zizixeko kunye neelali, apho iintshaba zikhokelwa ziintshaba zenkolo ezikhokelwa, abathunywa bevangeli bahamba khona. Bakwi-24, uKonstantin, behlala nomsebenzi wokuqala obalulekileyo ovela kurhulumente - ukufundisa amasudam ngendlela elungileyo.
Kwiminyaka engama-50s, abazalwana benkulungwane ye-9, abazalwana basemhlabeni, bethatha umgcini kwimonki, apho i-Womackius-One Medius yathatha iposti. Nangona kunjalo, i-kirill ayivumeli ixesha elide ukuba iphumle: Sele ngo-860, indoda ibize itrone ye-Emperor kwaye yayalela ukuba ijoyine izikhundla zeKHAZAR.
Inyani yile yokuba uKhazar Kagan ebhengeza imbambano eyaziwayo, apho amaKristu acetywayo ukungqina inyaniso yokholo kuYuda kunye namaSilamsi. I-Khazars yayisele ilungele ukudlula kwicala le-orthodoxy, kodwa bayibeka imeko - kuphela kwimeko yoloyiso lweengeniso ze-Byzantine kwiimbambano.
UCyril wathabatha umntakwabo kwaye wazalisekisa ngobuchule umsebenzi owabelwe amagxa akhe, kodwa kusekho ke umthetho wasilela ngokupheleleyo. Imo ye-Khazar yomKristu ayizange, nangona uKagan kwaye ivumela abantu ukuba babhaptizwe. Olu hambo lwenzekile lunzulu kumakholwa esisiganeko sembali. Endleleni, i-byzantines yajonga kwi-crinta, apho i-Kirill yafumana iClement, ingupopu eNgcwele, eyesine, eye yanikezelwa ukuya eRoma kwindawo ekufutshane ne-chernesos.
Abazalwana babandakanyeka kwenye injongo ebalulekileyo. Nje ukuba uncedo oluvela eConstantinop lucele umphathi wamazwe aseMoravia (ilizwe laseSlavic) Rostislav - kwakufuneka kwazaza i-pilogital) ukuba abo bakwilwimi efikelelekayo baxelele abantu malunga nokholo lwenene. Ke, inkosana yayiza kusinda kwimpembelelo yoobhishophu - amaJamani. Olu hambo lube luphawu - kwavela ialfabhethi ye-slavic.
EMoravia, abazalwana basebenze ukuba bangazijiki izandla: Iguqulela iincwadi zamaGrike, zafundisa ii-SLAVs ze-Aza yokufunda, iileta, kwaye kwangaxeshanye bafunda ukukhokela unqulo. "Uhambo" uthathe iminyaka emithathu. Iziphumo zomsebenzi zidlale indima enkulu ekulungiseleleni ubhaptizo lweBulgaria.
Ngo-867, abazalwana kwakufuneka baye eRoma bagcine impendulo "yokunyelisa." I-Kirill kunye neMethodius Icawe yaseNtshona ebizwa ngokuba zii-Aretics, zityhola ukuba zifunda iintshumayelo zibandakanya iSlavic, kanti eyona iphakamileyo inokwenzeka ukuba ithethe ngesiGrike, isiLatini samaYuda.
Endleleni eya kwikomkhulu lase-Italiya, babema kwinqununu ye-blanderky, apho baqeqesha abantu bencwadi. Kwabo bafika eRoma kunye no-Ruliment Besonwabile ukuba uTata otsha u-Adrian u-Adrian wavunyelwa ukukhonza kuSlavyanKy kwaye wavumela iincwadi eziguquliweyo zivumela iincwadi. Ngeli xesha lentlanganiso, uMethodius wafumana i-Episcopian San.
Ngokungafaniyo nomntakwabo, uCyril kuphela kwi verge, wayechithwa kwiimonki. Emva kokubhubha komshumayeli, emaMediyo, owazisa abafundi, babuyela eMoravia, apho kwakufuneka alwe nababhali baseJamani. Umntu oswelekileyo uRostislav watshintsha umtshana kaScotopolk, owayexhasa ezopolitiko zamaJamani, owayengazukusebenza ngokuzola ngumfundisi we-Byzantine. Nakuphi na ukuzama ukusasaza ulwimi lweSlavic njengoko icawe iyemisiwe.
UMethodius wayede ehleli esifinyezweni ngexesha lemoniyakazi. UPopu Roma uJohn Viiii wanceda ukhululekile, owawuxengqelekayo kwi-turgy de kusekwe eMpilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kungangeni kwimeko, uYohane walela unqulo kwiSlavic. Kuphela ziintshumayelo azisohlwayi umthetho.
Kodwa ukushiya kukaTesaloniki kwindlela eyoyikisayo kunye nomngcipheko kwaqhubeka ukubamba iinkonzo ngasese kwi-Slavic. Kwangelo xesha, i-archbishop yabhaptiza iNkosana yaseCzech, apho kuvela emva kwenkundla eRoma. Nangona kunjalo, ngethamsanqa waltYETYENZUKELWANJEKHEKA OKWENZIWEYO UMOYA - Akazange Asilele nje ukohlwaywa, kwaye wayenenkunzi yePapal kunye nethuba lokukhokelela kunqulo. Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba ukufa kulawulwe ukuguqulela iTestamente Endala.
Ukwenza i-ABC
Abazalwana baseTesalonikov bangenela ibali njengabadaliweyo oonobumba be-slavic. Ixesha lesiganeko - i-862 okanye i-863 unyaka. U-Kirill noMemosius wobomi baphikisana ukuba umbono wazalwa emva kwe-856, xa abazalwana kunye nabafundi beAngelairia, uNaum noColletion bahlala kwiNtaba yeOlimpiki encinci. Apha uMedius wasebenza njenge-abbot.
Ukubhaliswa koonobumba kunxulumene ne-kirill, kwaye ngqo ngqo, iyimfihlakalo. Izazinzulu zithambekele kwisenzi, ibonakalisiwe ngabantu abangama-38. Ngokutsho kwe-cyrillic, yayiqhutywa yiClemed Ohid. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba kunjalo, umfundi usasebenzise imisebenzi kaKirill-yathandabuza izandi zolwimi, ezibaluleke kakhulu xa kusenziwa ukubhala.
Isiseko se-alfabhethi sasebenza njenge-tyline yesiGrike, iileta ziyafana, ke isenzi sididekile kunye nee-alphabets ze-olphabets. Kodwa ngenxa yokuchongwa kwezandi ezithile ze-stavic, iileta zamaYuda zathatha, umzekelo, "sh".
Ukufa
UKonstantin-Kirill kuhambo eRoma wagula kakhulu, kwaye nge-13 kaFebruwari 869 wasweleka-olu suku kubuchwephesha babaNgcwele. Umzimba wasingcatsha umhlaba kwiCawe yaseRoma yoCumery. I-Kirill yayingafuni ukuba lo mzalwana ubuyele kwimonkiya aye eMoravia, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba afe, kwakuyimfuneko:
"Apha, mntakwethu, sasikunye nawe njengamanyaniso, walilima umngxunya omnye, kwaye ndiwahla ihlathi, ndigqibile usuku lwam. A, nangona niyithanda intaba, kodwa hayi oogxekileyo ngenxa yentaba niyishiya isikolo sakho, kuba yintoni enye onokuyenza ngcono ukuba usindiswe ngcono? "I-Wedesius yasinda kwiSilumko seminyaka eli-16. Ukufa okungatshatanga, kuyalele ukuba azifunde icawe ukuze afunde intshumayelo. Umfundisi wasweleka kwiCawa yePalm Apreli 4, 885. UMethodius wabaleka ngeelwimi ezintathu - isiGrike, isiLatin, kwaye, kunjalo, slavic.
E-Post Metius bathathe indawo yeentaba zabafundi, kwaye zonke izinto ezenziwa ngabameli zaqala ukuwa. EMoravia, iinguqulelo ze-titrurguelical zaye zagxothwa, abalandeli kunye nabafundi bavula ilitha- balandela, bathengiswa ebukhobokeni bade babulawa. Inxalenye yabalandeli babalekela emazweni kufutshane. Kwaye inkcubeko ye-slavic inikezele, embindini wentshukumo yencwadi eyafudukela eBulgaria, kwaye ukusuka apho ukuya eRussia.
Abafundisi-ntsapho abaziintloko bayanqulwa kwintshona nasempuma. ERussia, iholide yasekwa kwinkumbulo yokuhamba kwabazalwana-nge-24 kaMeyi, usuku lokubhala nenkcubeko kubhiyozelwe.
Imemori
Indawo yokuhlala
- Ngo-1869 -Ukusungulwa kwelali yaseWidimivakka kufutshane neNovorossiysk
Izikhumbuzo
- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuCyril noMethodius kwilitye kwi-Skopje, eMacedonia.
- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya e-Kirill kunye neMethodius eBelgrade, eSerbia.
- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuCyril noMethodius eKhanty-Mansyk.
- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo lokuhlonitshwa kwe-Kirill noMefius eTesaloniki, Greece. Isitampu ngohlobo lwesipho satshintshelwa kwiGrisi yiCawe yeBulgaria.
- I-cirie ezukisa i-Kirill kunye neMethodius phambi kweSakhiwo seThala lencwadi kaZwelonke amaNgcwele kaCyril noMethodius kwiSofia, Bulgaria.
- I-Basilica inyukele kwiNtombi enguMary nabaNgcwele beCyril noMethodius kwiTelegrada, kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech.
- Isikhumbuzo sokuhlonitshwa kwe-Kirill kunye neMethodius, esekwe ngaphambi kokwakha ibhotwe lesizwe lenkcubeko eSofia, iBulgaria.
- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuCyril noMethodius ePrague, iRiphabliki yaseCzech.
- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya eCyril noMethodius kwi-ohirit, eMacedonia.
- UCyril noMethosius baboniswa kwisikhumbuzo se-1000 sentando yeRussia kwiVeliky Novgorod.
Iincwadi
- Ngo-1835 - UMeem "Kirillo-Metodiya", Jalle Halle
- I-1865 - "" cyril-voredievsky "(ihlelwe nguMikhail Pogodin)
- Ngo-1984 - "Khazar Dictionary", Pavice Pavice
- Ngo-1979 - "Abazalwana boSolong", Slav Karaslavov
Iifilimu
- Ngo-1983 - "I-Konstantin Philosopher"
- Ngo-1989- "Solong Bantakwethu"
- Ngo-2013 - "" UCyril noMethodius - Prevs Slavs "