Biography
Lo mpostile uAndrey ngumvavanyi wokuqala - owokuqala kwabapostile abalishumi elinambini, owaba ngumfundi kaYesu Kristu. Kwii-icon kwimifanekiso eboniswa njengendoda eneendevu ezincinci kwiindebe ezibomvu okanye eziluhlaza, zibambe izandla zomnqamlezo othe nkqo okanye ezithe nkqo, kunye nomsongo okanye incwadi. Ngegama lakhe, igama elithi "i-andreevy cross" iqhagamshelwe, edibana kwiiflegi kunye neminye imiqondiso. Igama lakhe lizaliswa nguPeter i, imbasa ephezulu yaseRussia - iodolo yeSt. Andrew ebizwa njalo.
Ithathwa njenge-paint yoint yabalobi kunye nolwandle. Iflegi ye-Andreevsky (i-oblique i-blue emhlophe kwimvelaphi emhlophe) sisibhengezo somkhosi wenqanawa yeRussia ICawa yeOrthodox ibhiyozela usuku lo mpostile nge-13 kaDisemba. Etempileni ezinikezelwe ku-Andrey obizwa ngokuba ngu-Andrey obizwa njalo, ngalo mhla uNqulo Okwenziwa ngumthendeleko. Abantu bakwa-Andreev babhiyozelwa ngoNovemba 30, le yenye yeeholide zokuqala zomjikelo wasebusika.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biography yompostile ilungiselelwe eBhayibhileni isitsho ukuba u-Adayi noSimon bazalwa benyuka sakhusela ulwandle lwaseGalili, utata wabo wayengumlobi ogama linguEon. Abalobi abaselula bafudukela kwisixeko saseKapernahum, ukusuka apho babehamba khona ngesikhephe elwandle (eneneni echibini lamanzi amaninzi amatsha) kwishishini lokuloba.
Ukususela kwiminyaka engowona, uAndreyi wayefuna indlela kaThixo. Wala ukutshata kwaye wakhokelela kwindlela yokuphila enyulu. Xa uYohane umbhaptizi waqalwa ukuprofeta ngokufika kukaMesiya, umfana lowo wemka endlwini, waya engcwele. Xa wayebhaptizwe eJordani eYordani, uAndreyi wayesele noYohane waza wathabatha isangqa sabafundi bakhe abasondeleyo, waphulaphula iintshumayelo kwaye walinda imbonakalo yoMsindisi.
NgokweVangeli kaYohane, u-Aderei ukudibana noYesu wenzeka eYordan. UMsindisi weza kuYohane umphambili, owathiwaza igama likaThixo leMvana. Emva koko, uAndrei wamshiya umBhaptizi, waba ngumfundi kaKristu wokuqala. Emva kwexesha ibuyele eKapernahum kwaye waqinisekisa umntakwabo ukuba azimanye nabapostile.
KwiVangeli kaMateyu, kubhaliwe ukuba umfundisi ngokwakhe wafumana abafundi bexesha elizayo xa bephosa iinethiwekhi zokuloba. UYesu wabiza abazalwana ngokuthembisa ukuze 'babambile abangabantu'. UAndrei noSimon bamenyelwa bashiya uYesu, awafumana igama likaPetros igama elithi uPeter, uAndreyi wabhekiswa kwigama lokuqala.
Ngokungafaniyo noPeter, uAndrei akazange aphumele kwi-Apostoac kunye negama elikhulu kunye nezenzo ezibukhali, kodwa abhale njengomntu ovumayo. Phambi kwe-Ista, xa kwakuyimfuneko ukondla isihlwele, nguAndreyi owabona inkwenkwe enezonka ezintlanu kunye neentlanzi ezimbini, zanda nabantu abalambele. Wawuphendula umbuzo wabahedeni, ababemkhangela eYerusalem kaThixo.
IVangeli kaMarko isixelela ukuba uAndreyi wayekunye notitshala kwiNtaba yeNtaba yase-EnokonKaya kwaye wafumana ikamva lehlabathi elivela kuye. Umfundi onyanisekileyo wayesiya emnqamlezweni kaKristu, ukuvuka kwakhe nokunyukela kwakhe. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-50 emva kovuko, abapostile babemkhulula umoya oyingcwele kwaye bafumana ubuchule obukhulu. Ngoku babenokuphilisa abantu ekufeni kwaye bashumayele kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo.
Ubulungiseleli bobuKristu
Abapostile baphosa eliqalelo ngokukhetha indlela yokukhetha indlela engaphezulu. Ungcwele u-Andrey wawela indlela eya emazweni elele elunxwemeni lolwandle olumnyama. Phantse kuyo yonke indawo, apho umshumayeli wazisa iindaba ezilungileyo, wadibana nokungabizi. Abasemagunyeni bagxothwa engcwele ezixekweni, abantu bacaphukisa kwaye bengavumeli ubusuku. Emoop, abahedeni babephantsi komKristu onyanzelekileyo ngokutshutshiswa okukhohlakeleyo, kodwa ke umzimba wokuzalwa kuka-Arayi waphiliswa kukuthanda kukaThixo.
Ekugqibeleni, kwisixeko sase-Thracia yaseByzantia, amabali kunye nemimangaliso yembono engcwele yabantu. Kwiziko elizayo lobuKristu baseMpuma, lo mpostile wafumana abafundi abangama-70 kwaye wamisa icawa, eyayiqhutywa ngu-Andrey owokuqala ubhishophu wokuqala wesitokhwe. UAndrei wamisela abaPintywa beCawe, bayalela ukuba benze iisakramente kwaye bafundise abantu, kwaye yena waqhubeka.
Umshumayeli akaphilise nje owakhe umzimba, kodwa wavusa abafileyo. Amadoda amane abizwa ngokuba yindoda kunye namadoda amabini asweleke ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo akhankanyiweyo ebomini bengcwele. Ummangaliso wovuko wakhokelela kaninzi kubhaptizo lwamangqina alo msitho. KuMpostile uFesalonisoki wazama ukukhulisa izilwanyana zasendle, kodwa ingwe endaweni yabangcwele icekeceke unyana we-bhina. Umthandazo omde uAndrei wabuyisela umntwana ebomini.
EPara, umpostile wavuswa amashumi amane anyukayo, awathunyelwa kuye eMakedoni. Inqanawa eyayinabafundi bexesha elizayo uAndrei waguquka ngexesha lesiphango, kodwa ulwandle lwenza ukuba ulwandle lube lulwa nolwandle kunye nombulelo, yonke into iphelile kakuhle. Le ntsonk ichaza ukunqula i-St. Andrew njengomxhasi weelwandle. Kwisixeko saseGeorgia sika-Azkuri, kuphela uvuko olunye lwanele ukunyangwa kwabemi kubuKristu.
Ababhali-mbali abangamaKristu baxhasa iinguqulelo zabo zomshumayeli okuqhubekayo. U-Eusevia Kaesarian wabhala ngenkonzo ka-Andrei eScythia. Ngo-1116, uSylver Revervest kwimiyalelo ye-vladimir moculokhe ibandakanya imbali ye-Andrei kunye ne-Russia yoSuku lwe-Butagi ".
Emva kwexesha, abaphilayo baxhaswa libali elineenkcukacha ngohambo lwe-prorica eRoma eRoma nge-ladoga. Ngokwalo nguqulelo, uAndrei waphakamisa oDnieper kwaye, watsiba iintaba ezihle, wabona isixeko esikhulu ngeecawa ephupheni. Ngentsasa elandelayo yaxelela malunga nephupha kubahlobo bakhe, waxela isiseko kwindawo yaseKiev, basikelela iinduli kwaye baxhoma umnqamlezo omnye wabo.
Ngapha koko, odiniweyo ngendlela umpostile abunjwe kwiibhate zeNoVgorod, eyathi kamva waxelela abahlobo bakhe eRoma. KumaXesha Aphakathi, Iinkcukacha ze-Leeptoki: Malunga nokwakhiwa komnqamlezo wamaplanga kufutshane nelali yaseGeorkhov nelitye kwisiqithi seValaam, malunga nokutshatyalaliswa kwe Ababe ngababingeleli babesakuba bubuKristu. Ukuba kunjalo, abemi baseUkalala neRussia baya kuzukisa u-Andrew oNgcwele waza kuqala obizwe ngumxhasi wabo.
Ukufa
Lo mpostile wazamkela intshatsheli kwidolophu yamaGrike yePatros malunga ne-67 yenkulungwane yokuqala. Kule mzi, uSt. UAndrei waphila iminyaka eliqela, eshumayela kwaye ekhokela uluntu lwamaKristu. I-EGEAR ERODETYUT ithathele ingqalelo ukuba umsebenzi wamaKristu ukrwada amandla akhe, kwaye wayalela ukuphunyezwa komshumayeli obephetheyo emnqamlezweni. Ukuthathela ingqalelo iminqweno yengcwele ejongene nokuxelisa ukufa kukaYesu, umpu wanyulwa kwisixhobo, emva koko wabizwa ngokuba nguAndreevsky.
U-Andrei obiziweyo akazange aqotywe emnqamlezweni, kodwa abopha izandla kunye nemilenze yakhe ukuya kwi-crossbar. Iintsuku ezimbini umpostile washumayeza abafundi bakhe emnqamlezweni. Abaphulaphuli banyanzeliswa ukuba bayeke ukungcungcutheka, basongele i-riot, kwaye i-Eget yayalela unogada wokukhulisa ukholo lwabantu. Nangona kunjalo, iNgcwele sele ilungisiwe ukuba ife kwaye iindawo azizange zinikezele kwimizamo yamajoni. Xa umphefumlo wompostile oyiNgcwele wawushiya umzimba, umnqamlezo wakhanya, emva koko umthombo owoyike kule ndawo.
Amabala ka-St. Andrew nomnqamlezo, awafayo, waqala wagcinwa kwiimposi, kodwa ngo-357, ngoku-ECERPERER waseRoma, uConstance II. Ngenkulungwane ye-9, intloko kunye neentsalela zomnqamlezo ezahlulwe ezincancisayo zaza zabuya zaya kwi-PATTA. Emva kokubanjwa kwe-palemists ngo-1460, i-foma yepaleiyist yasindisa intloko yalowo nqabileyo kunye namasuntswana omnqamlezo ovela ekungafuneni kwaye watshintshela i-rinec to uper pope to uper pope.
Ngo-1964, itempile ibuyela kwiipateni ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi kwe-Pap Paul Vi kunye nabameli beCawa ye-Elaladic. Intloko engcwele igcinwa kwikati yeAndrei ebizwa njalo, eyakhiwe ngo-1974 kufutshane noMthombo. Kwicawa enkulu ye-Orthodox yaseGrisi, i-borique Rive-Pross-fihlo yafakwa, amasuntswana omnqamlezo, owasebenza njengesixhobo sokufa kwengcwele.
Kwitempile yakudala kampostile uAndrei, kufutshane nekatata, igcinwe yinxalenye yomnwe wompostile. I-shrine ivelise i-patram ngo-1847 nge-Russian Nobrei Murayev, owayifumana ngemonki kwiNtaba yeAthos. Amandla onke asasazeka kwaye agcinwe ngembeko kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo zaseYurophu.
Ngokwembali, iMonki yaseGrisi yamaGrikhi ihambisane ukubonisa ingelosi yathatha iziqwenga zeSt. Andrew ukuya eScotland. Ilali apho inqanawa yengxabano ityhutyha, yaguqukela kwidolophu yase-Saint Andrus, eyaba yicawa yoBukumkani. Iziqwenga zigcinwe kwiCarike yeSixeko, kwaye umpostile uAndrei uzukisiwe njengomxhasi weScotland.
Enye intsomi ithi ngo-1208, abantu base-Italiyane besiya kwiSixeko sase-Itali, apho bagcinwa khona kwikati yaseSt Andrew, eyakhiwe kwisitayile se-sthman-kaszantine. EJamani, iSandal kunye neZikiphu ezivela emnqamlezweni ye-ross yomnqamlezo zigcinwa eJamani kwi-trabredral. Inxalenye yama-Andrew yayikwiCawa yeSixeko sase-Italiyane sase-Italiya.
ERussia, kukho isiseko sompostile oNgcwele ongu-Andre obizwa ngokuba ngu-Andrei obizwa ngokuba ngumbutho wasesidlangalaleni obandakanyekayo ekuhanjisweni kwamarhamente eCanchthodox yaseRussia echazayo. Isiseko sonyaka sizinikezela ngomlilo esithobileyo seYerusalem, sivela esibhakabhakeni ngexesha lenkonzo ye-Ista. Ngo-2011, umbutho wazisa iRussia ibhanti yentombi enyusiweyo enyusiweyo uMariya.
Imemori
- 1698 - UPeter Ndamiselwa ngumyalelo weSt. Andrew kuqala
- I-1754 - yayakha i-Andreevsk icawe eKiev
- 1865-1940-Icawe yeSt. U-Andrei ogama libi layelibizwa noSt. UMary Magdalene kwilali yasePalkala
- I-1899 - i-steamer "Andrei Varozvanaya" isungulwe emanzini, inqanawa eyakhiwe ngokuqatha yobukumkani olwenziwe ngokukodwa koBukhosi baseRussia
- I-1906-i-chieb yebhola ivuliwe "i-Saint-Andrews" eBirmingham
- I-1906-isungulwe emanzini-andrey varozvaanny
- Ngo-1974 - eyakhiwe i-Andrei Cat'cistral yangaphambili ebizwa kwiSixeko sasePatros kwiPeninsula yasePeloponse
- Ngo-1991 - ingoma erekhodiweyo "ukuhamba ngamaqela e-nautilus Pompisi
- Ngo-1992 - waseka isiseko sompostile umpostile owenziwe ngodonga lwayo yonke i-Andrei kuqala
- Ngo-2003-Ilitye lesikhumbuzo eBataysk
- 2006 - wavula i-fument eMoscow
- ICawa ka-2007 ye-Anderec e Kalincerad
- Ngo-2008 -Ukuhlalwa kwe-Orthodox Shiftication kunye ne-Orthodox ye-Orthodox "i-Andrey Varozvanaya" ngokweeilla ezikude zendawo yeNovosibirsk