Biography
UViktor Astafiev ngumbhali odumileyo waseSoviet kunye neRussia. Ukuphumelela kwiipremiyamu zikaRhulumente ze-USSR kunye neRussian Federation. Ilungu lemanyano yababhali. Iincwadi zakhe zatshintshelwa kwiilwimi zasemzini kwaye zapapashwa ziinguqulelo ze-Multicallion. Ungomnye wababhali abambalwa, ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, baziwa njengeklasikhi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UViktor Astafiev wazalelwa kwilali yase-Oatsean yendawo yeKrasnoyarsk. Kusapho lukaPeter Astafieva noLidia belipidiyo, wayengumntwana wesithathu. Kuyinyaniso ukuba, oodade bakhe bobabini bafa kwasebusaneni. Xa uVita waphinda waneminyaka esi-7 ubudala, utata wakhe wavalelwa "owenzakeleyo". Ukuza kuye ngomhla, umama kwafuneka agqithiselwe emphelweni nge-Yenisei. Nje ukuba isikhephe sajika, kodwa iLidiya ayikwazanga kusindiswa. Wanamathela kwi-scythe ye-nofti ye-alloy bon. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba wakhe wafunyanwa kuphela ngeentsuku ezimbalwa.
Le nkwenkwe azithabathele nomkhulu kumgca koomama - UKaterina Petrovna kunye iikulya Evgrafovich Pylishlycins. Malunga neminyaka, awayehlala nayo, wakhumbula ngobushushu nobubele, kamva wachaza ubuntwana bakhe kwindlu kagogo kwi-autobiograph "isaphetha sokugqibela".
Xa uTata wakhululwa, watshata okwesibini. UVictor wamthabathela kuye. Kungekudala, usapho lwabo lwatswa, kwaye uPeter Astafiev, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe entsha, unyana osanda kuzalwa noKetea noViteya bathunyelwa kwi-Igoar. Ekunye notata wakhe, uVictor wayezibandakanya ekulobeni. Kodwa emva kokuphela kwexesha, utata wagula wagula kakhulu wangena esibhedlele. Inyathelo le-vitya alifuneki, lalingazukumondla umntwana womnye umntu.
Ngenxa yoko, wazifumanisa esitratweni, engagcinwanga. Kungekudala wabekwa kwikhaya leenkedama. Apho wadibana neKrisimesi ye-Ignatia. Utitshala ngokwakhe wabhala imibongo kwaye wakwazi ukuthathela ingqalelo italente yokufunda kwinkwenkwe. Ngayo, iViktor Astafieva yenzeka. Ibali lakhe "liphilile" lapapashwa kwijenali yesikolo. Emva kwexesha, ibali lalibizwa ngokuba yi "Vastekino Lake."
Emva kokuba iBakala 6 yaqala ukufunda kwisikolo sokufunda umzi-mveliso, emva koko wasebenza njengesibini kwisikhululo sikaloliwe nomsebenzi.
Ngo-1942, uAstafiev waya kwi-volontier yangaphambili. Uqeqesho lwenzekile eNovosibirsk kwiCandelo leZithuthi. Ukususela ngo-1943, umbhali wexesha elizayo walwa eBryansk, i-voronezh kunye ne-steppes. Wayengumqhubi, umabonwakude kunye nobukrelekrele bobugcisa. Emfazweni, uVictor wasuswa kwaye wenzakala izihlandlo ezininzi. Ngeemfaneleko ze-Astafeva, ukulandelelana kwenkwenkwezi ebomvu kwakukhutshwa i-odolo yenkwenkwezi ebomvu, kwaye wakhupha iimbasa "ngenxa yesibindi" kunye "nokukhululwa kwenkululeko yePoland".
Uncwadi
Ukubuya kwimfazwe ukondla usapho, kwaye ngelo xesha wayetshatile ukuba ngubani ekufuneka esebenzela. Yayingumnyama-ophezulu, noomatshini, kunye nomthwalo. Wayesebenza kwinyama esebenzayo iwotshi kunye ne-washer carcass. Indoda ayifumananga msebenzi. Kodwa, ngaphandle kobomi bemfazwe, umnqweno wokubhala ovela kwi-Astafieva akazange atshabalale.
Ngo-1951, wabhalisa kwisangqa esibhaliweyo. Wayephefumlelwe emva kwentlanganiso ukuba ubhale ibali elithi "Indoda yasebusuku" ngobusuku obunye, kamva wamohlwaya kwaye wapapasha phantsi kwegama "iSibrari". Kungekudala i-Atafieva yaqatshelwa kwaye yanikezela ngomsebenzi kwiphephandaba "fusovskaya." Ngeli xesha, wabhala ngaphezulu kwamabali angama-20 kunye namanqaku amaninzi e-Essay.
Wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala ngo-1953. Yayiyingqokelela yamabali, wabizwa ngokuba "kwixesha elizayo intwasahlobo." Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wapapasha ukuqulunqwa kwesibini- "izibane". Ibandakanya amabali ebantwaneni. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, waqhubeka ebhalela abantwana - ngo-1956, incwadi ethi "Vastekino Lake" yapapashwa, ngo-1957 - "I-Cex, iMvula" iMvula ".
Ngo-1958, inoveli yakhe yokuqala iphuma- "inyibilika ikhephu". Kwakuloo nyaka, iViktor Petrovich Astafiev yaba lilungu lababhali be-RSFSR. Kunyaka kamva, wanikwa ulwalathiso lwaseMoscow, apho wafunda khona kwiZiko loLwazi kwizifundo zababhali. Ekupheleni kwe-50s, amazwi akhe awaziwa kwaye ethandwa kwilizwe liphela. Ngelo xesha wapapasha ibali "i-staileb", "Dlula" kunye "nenkokheli".
Ngo-1962, uAstofeva wafudukela kwi-perm, kule minyaka le mbhali idala umjikelo omncinci wokuba uprinta kwiimagazini ezahlukeneyo. Wababizela 'Uthuswe ", ngo-1972 wapapasha incwadi yegama elifanayo. Kumabali abo kuphakamisa izihloko ezibalulekileyo kubantu baseRussia - imfazwe, ukuthanda ilizwe, ubomi bomfuno.
Ngo-1967, uViktor Petrovich wabhala ibali "umalusi kunye nomalusi. Bambambano lwangoku. Wayecinga lo msebenzi ixesha elide. Kodwa kwakunzima ukumprinta ubunzima, uninzi lwaluwela ngenxa yezizathu zokubengwa. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1989, wabuyela kwisicatshulwa ukuze abuyisele uhlobo lwebali langaphambili.
Ngo-1975, iViktor Petrovich yaba yi-Laured Ibhaso le-RSFRR le-RSFSR kwimisebenzi "yesaphetha sokugqibela", "umalusi kwaye ucocekile", "ubusela".
Kwaye kunyaka olandelayo, yapapashwa, mhlawumbi, eyona ncwadi ithandwayo yombhali - "Tsar-ntlanzi". Kwaye kwakhona yabekwa phantsi komhleli onjalo "oboshwe" ngu-Astafiev ukuba ungene esibhedlele emva koxinzelelo oluvavanyiweyo. Wayebuhlungu kangangokuba engazange akhathazeke isicatshulwa seli bali. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, yayikukulo msebenzi, wafumana umvuzo we-USSR.
Ukusukela ngo-1991, uAstafiev wasebenza encwadini "waqalekisiwe kwaye wabulawa." Incwadi yaphuma ngo-1994 kwaye yabangela iimvakalelo ezininzi ezivela kubafundi. Ewe kunjalo, kwakungekho ngaphandle kwezimvo ezibalulekileyo. Abanye bamangalisa isibindi sombhali, kodwa kwangaxeshanye baqonda ukuba yinyaniso. I-Astafiev yabhala ibali kwisihloko esibalulekileyo nesibi - wabonisa ukungabinantsingiselo yokuziphindezela kwemfazwe. Ngo-1994, umbhali ufumana umvuzo weRussia.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nenkosikazi yakhe yexesha elizayo, uMaria Koryakina Astafyev wadibana ngaphambili. Wayesebenza njengomongikazi. Xa imfazwe iphelile, batshata kwaye bafudukela kwidolophu encinci kwingingqi ye-perm-cusovoy. Waqala nokubhala.
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1947, uMary noVictor wafumana intombi i-Lihiya, kodwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, intombazana isweleke kwi-dyspepsia. Ekufeni kwakhe, iAstafiev vinyl ogqirha, kodwa umfazi wayeqinisekile ukuba uVictor yena wayengunobangela. Ozuze kancinane, ayikwazanga ukondla usapho. Kunyaka kamva, bazalwa yintombi ye-IRina, ngo-1950 - unyana uAreri.
UVictor noMaria babehluke kakhulu. Ukuba wayeyindoda enetalente kwaye wabhala ngeyona nto imbi ngentliziyo yakhe, emva koko uyenzile ukuba akwazi ukuzithemba kwakhe.
I-Astafyev yayiyindoda yendoda, abafazi babehlala bengqongwe. Kuyaziwa ukuba abe nabantwana bahluphekayo - iintombi ezimbini, malunga nobukho baso angazange athi umfazi wakhe ixesha elide. UMaria wakhena ngokungqongqo, kwaye kungekuphela kwabasetyhini, kodwa bade babhale.
Akazange amshiye umfazi wakhe kwakanye, kodwa wabuya ixesha ngalinye. Ngenxa yoko, bahlala kunye iminyaka engama-57. Ngo-1984, intombi yabo iRina yafa ngequbuliso, kwaye umzukulwana oshiyekileyo - i-vitu kunye ne-pikto-yazisa i-viktor petrovich noria semenovna.
Ukufa
NgoAprili 2001, umbhali wayelalwe esibhedlele. Kwiiveki ezimbini wayelala enkathalo enkulu, kodwa ngenxa yoko, oogqirha bamdumayo, kwaye wagoduka. Waba ngcono, ngokuzimeleyo wafunda iphephandaba. Kodwa ekuweni konyaka omnye, i-Astafyev yaphinda yangena esibhedlele. Wafunyaniswa ukuba sinesifo seenqanawa zentliziyo. Kwiveki ephelileyo, iViktor Petrovich Olemp. Umbhali wasweleka ngoNovemba 29, 2001.
Ndamngcwaba kufutshane nelali yakhe, kunyaka kamva, iMyuziyam ye-Astafyev yosapho ivuliwe e-Ovsyanka.
Ngo-2009, iViktor Astafieva i-Alexander Solzhenits Solzhenitsyn. Idiploma kunye nenani lamawaka amawaka amawaka adluliselwa ngumhlolokazi wombhali. UMaria Stepanovna wasweleka ngo-2011, esinda iqabane iminyaka eli-10.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1953 - "ukuya kwixesha elizayo"
- Ngo-1956 - "i-Vatukino Lake"
- Ngo-1960 - "i-stialeb"
- Ngo-1966 - "Ubusela"
- Ngo-1967- "Imfazwe i-ratling kwenye indawo"
- Ngo-1968 - "isaphetha sokugqibela"
- Ngo-1970 - "I-Autumn ekwindla"
- Ngo-1976 - "Intlanzi yeTsar"
- Ngo-1968 - "ihashe nge-pink mane"
- Ngo-1980- "Ndixolele"
- Ngo-1984 - "Ukubamba I-Peses eGeorgia"
- Ngo-1987 - "Umcuphi olusizi"
- Ngo-1987 - "I-lydochka"
- Ngo-1995 - "Ke ufuna ukuphila"
- Ngo-1998 - "ijoni elichwayitile"