Biography
Chingiz Aitmatov nangoku sele ezicatshulweyo ezaziwa uncwadi yehlabathi. Wabhala in Russian kunye Kyrgyz, imisebenzi yakhe zaguqulelwa ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-150. Iprozi efanelekileyo ngezinto Umbhali luphokoke nezimvo zobuntu kunye nothando enkulu ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo: ebantwini, asendle kunye izilwanyana, izityalo kunye iphela uMhlaba.
Umbhali Abantu Kyrgyzstan kunye Kazakhstan. KaNobel le Lenin Prize kunye iziqendu ezintathu imo waseUSSR, i-European yokuFunda Prize International ogama emva Javaharlala Nehru. Ngowe-2007, wafumana imbasa eliphezulu urhulumente weli ngegalelo lakhe ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko kumazwe zamaTurkic abathetha. Entwasahlobo ka-2008, Turkey waqalisa inkqubo yokutyumba umbhali kwi Nobel Prize, kodwa akazange abe nexesha.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Genghiz Taskowich Aitmatov azalwe ngoDisemba 12, 1928 usapho ngamaKomanisi Torkelah Aitmatov kunye NagiMa Hamzievna Aitmatova (kwi Nagidova intombi ka-) kwilali kwisithili Kara-Buuinsky (Keepovsky) loMthetho Talas Canton ye-Kyrgyz ASSR. Emva kokuzalwa Gengiz, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela umzi, njengoko uyise waya ngokuvela: ukususela ngo-1929, umsebenzi of Torkelah Aitmatov uhamba ngokukhawuleza phezulu.
Ngowe-1933, yena sele unobhala yesibini Kyrgyz yoMmandla Committee leNtshona Koloni (b). Ngowe-1935, enye inkokeli mfana waba ngumfundi Olubomvu ngooNjingalwazi Institute e Moscow, kwintsapho safudukela elikomkhulu USSR. Ngeli xesha, Nagima wazala umyeni wakhe unyana ka Ilgiz, amawele alephuze Lucia (inkwenkwe wafa ezelwe) kunye nentombi Rose. Ngowe-1937, xa ukunyanzelisa yendoda yakhe, Nagima Khamzievna ithuthwa abantwana ukuba izihlobo shekeker.
Uyise umbhali elizayo wabanjwa ngoSeptemba 1937 esolwa umsebenzi anti-Soviet ubuzwe staging e Frunze (ikomkhulu Soviet Kyrgyzstan). November 5, 1938 shot. Le umfazi 'lutshaba zabantu "Ndothuswa ku amalungelo, kodwa bonke oonyana womsebenzi zinganakwa yezopolitiko wafumana imfundo ephakamileyo wangena iphepha ngalinye kwimbali.
Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, bonke abantu abadala bazilungiselela, kunye Chingiz kunyaka-elinesine ubudala yaba ngomnye wabantu abaninzi nobuchule Aule waza wathabatha nesithuba sikanobhala yeBhunga Aulov. Emva kwemfazwe, lo mfana yakwazi ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, emva emaphandleni iminyaka esibhozo, waphumelela iimbeko evela Dzhambul zootechniki yaye ngowe-1948 wangena Kyrgyz Agricultural Institute e Frunze.
Uncwadi
Le ngobomi okusungula umbhali yaqala ngo-Aprili 6, 1952 ukusuka 'Kyrgyz Kyrgyzstan "epapashwe kwiphephandaba" Kyrgyzstani "Jüido Newspaper. Okubhaliweyo lokuqala bezobugcisa aitmatov wabhala Russian - enye izalamane ezimbini. Emva kokuphumelela Institute ngo-1953, Genghiz Aitmatov, i-Senior Zootachnik of the Kyrgyz Research Institute of Imfuyo, baqhubeka amabali zakubhala Russian kunye Kyrgyz, epapasha izicatshulwa iintlelo zasekuhlaleni.
Ngowe-1956, yagqiba ukuphucula emfundo yombhali, waya eMoscow, apho wangena iikhosi aphezulu boncwadi. Ngokunxuseneyo izifundo babhala lukhulu. Sele ngoJuni 1957, iphephancwadi Ala-NAWE yapapasha ibali lokuqala lombhali oselula "ubuso nobuso." Kulo nyaka, "Jamil" yapapashwa - kuba nomdla ukuba ibali wenza wababhali lwapapashwa okokuqala yaguqulelwa kwisiFrentshi.
izifundo yoncwadi Umbhali izidanga ngowe-1958. Ngexesha yidiploma, amabali amabini kunye namabali yashicelelwa Russian. Lokuqala Roman Iitmatova ziya kukhutshwa kuphela ngo-1980. Xa inoveli "Kwaye imini inde ithatha ngosuku" iziganeko eziyinyani kobomi enye kuxhaphakile ngomgca kwamnandi qha kwabantu kunye yalapha nempucuko uyazibuza. Kubonakala ukuba ukuphumeza nokuqonda kunye njengabaphambukeli abantu kulula kunokuba bengavumelani.
Umbhali babuyela uhlobo yenzululwazi embindini ekupheleni koo, ukubhala Tavro Kassandra - ibali malunga ekudaleni livulwe abantu. Imisebenzi aseleyo ezibhaliweyo uhlobo ngokoqobo. ESoviet Union, ngokoqobo waba yobusoshiyali, kodwa ngenxa socialism le aitmatis kuyinto silahle kakhulu. amaqhawe bakhe bahlala kwaye ubunzima ukuba ngokwenene, kungekhona ajike abe abakhi womelele of Communism.
Eyona hero iphambili "White umkhumbi" ofayo - inkwenkwe okholelwa iintsomi xa obulala deer bakhe. Ngokubanzi, iintsomi kunye namabali ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ngamayelenqe Aitmatov. imifanekiso wentsomi izikhathi kuba mhlophe, abalinganiswa abaphambili. Ukususela lamandulo malunga abahlaseli ngqwabalala, ubuyeleyo amabanjwa amakhoboka, anqunyulwe ukuzimela kunye inkumbulo, iLizwi kunye ingqiqo ka "Mankut" - indoda walibala iingcambu zakhe Russian.
Le yesibini Roman Aitmatova, "Floha", liphuma ngo-1986. Ngeli thuba i-USSR, uMikhail Gorbachev waqalisa ngokutsha, kwaye kwenzeka ukuba ubhale malunga iingxaki lizwe. Kodwa malunga nemvelaphi abantu, kuvumelekile "Floh" velisa isiphumo umxhelo - kwinoveli ubuza imibuzo eliqela yondele ngexesha elinye, iintetho malunga likhoboka neziyobisi kunye norhwaphilizo, malunga ukholo nabalungiseleli zeCawa.
Ubomi Buqu
Umbhali wamncoma Ubuhle ngobufazi yakuqonda ngokunzulu ubhalo ababhinqileyo. Ubungqina yale bakhonza ngokuthembekileyo kwaye khaxa imifanekiso ebhaliweyo kwabasetyhini yeencwadi Chingiza Aitmatov: Strong Jamil kwibali kwegama elifanayo, romantic Aselley oselula ( "Popolak ngowam e Red Kosynka"), kwezilumko Tolgonai, ngubani amadodana akhe emfazweni, kodwa ukulondoloza ubuhle elingaphakathi komphefumlo ( "intsimi noMama").
Phantse wonke umsebenzi kukho umfazi, kwathabathela embonakalweni apho kumaphepha le ncwadi iba esingaphantsi umphefumlo kwi umlinganiswa ophambili okanye kumfundi. Kwaye kubomi yombhali, ubuhle abasetyhini wadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Nomfazi wokuqala, Kerez Shamshibayeva, Chingiz wadibana ngelixa befunda nesibhedlela lwezolimo. Le ntombazana wafunda kwi-Institute Medical kwaye nomdla uncwadi.
Emva esikolweni, bazizinhanha Keerez nokuba ufumene ulwalathiso le Moscow yoncwadi Institute, kodwa iimeko eziphathekayo akazange avumele ukuba bahambe. Kerez Shamshibayeva waba ugqirha egqwesileyo kunye nomphathi, wasebenza Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan. Wazala oonyana ababini. Sanjar Changizovich wazalwa ngo-1954, yena intatheli kunye umbhali, usomashishini. Askar Changizovich wazalwa ngo-1959, yaba mbali orientalist, a sekuhleni.
Kule amahlanu emva kwexesha, Chingiz Aitmatov wadibana uthando iphambili ebomini bakhe - webhaleyi Bybüchear Bayshenaliyev. Roman waqala eLeningrad iqhubeke iminyaka elishumi elinamine. Lovers ayikwazanga ukutshata: indawo aphezulu zombini ukuthobela efunekayo beneentloni. Communist akakwazanga nje umtshato nomfazi wakhe umtshato kunye Artist Labantu waseUSSR, elandelwa ngabantu lokuqala karhulumente.
Amava umbhali wafumana exit kwimisebenzi yakhe. It unale imfuneko ukuze senze ukhetho phakathi umfazi kunye wahliwa Tanabe kweli bali "Sala, Gulsary." Uwa eyayithandana ongumhlolokazi, iyunithi emdaka kwinoveli "Kwaye imini inde ithatha imini." Ngemisebenzi zombini, abafazi ngokokuziphatha gqolo ngaphezu hero ombambazelayo, ukulungele ukuba usebenzise intloko uthando olutsha.
kweminyaka elishumi elinesine yasungula uxhulumaniso ofihlakeleyo, apho elininzi wovers baya kwiriphabliki. budius Bayshenaliyeva wabhubha ngoMeyi 10, 1973 emva kweminyaka enye enesiqingatha somhlaza yokulwa webele. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, ngokusebenzisana Mukhtar Shahanov, Aitmatov wabhala incwadi ethi "Ukuvuma ekupheleni kwenkulungwane" (lesibini igama "Plachy of the Mzingeli Yoyisa"), apho usuke waxelela ibali olu thando.
Umfazi wesibini waseChingiza Taekowich waba nguMaria u-urmatovna. Ngexesha kokuphonononga umbhali odumileyo, Maria wakwazi ukuphelisa le meko Faculty of Vgika, ukuba atyelele nokunika wazala intombi Cholpon. Kumtshato wesibini, unyana ka-Deletar kunye nozalwa. Eldar Chingizovich bathweswa izidanga Academy of Arts Fine eBelgium, waba ingcibi kunye igcisa, wakhokela Museum of Aitmatov e Bishkek.
Ukufa
I-Chingiz Aitmatov kule minyaka idlulileyo yobomi yayisisifo seswekile, engazange ithintele ekukhokeleni ubomi obusebenzayo. Ngo-2008, umbhali phezu ngonyaka wamakhulu ubomi waya Kazan kwi ukudutyulwa obubhaliweyo 'yaye loo mini elide ithatha imini ", nto leyo yenziwa ukuba iminyaka ezayo. Kwi iseti, umbhali azidube umkhuhlane sele ocande inyumoniya ebukhali, waqalisa sokwala kwizintso.
Nge-16 kaMeyi, uAitmatova wathunyelwa eJamani ukuya eJamani, kodwa ogqirha babengenakusindisa isigulana. Nge-10 kaJuni, kwikliniki kaNurengg, i-genghiz sokellich yasweleka, kwaye nge-14 kaJuni, umngcwabo we-Classic yoncwadi lweHlabathi lwenzeka. Intlungu iqokelelene kakhulu abantu abaliqela abawele kwizitepsi ezikhokelela kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga, apho ibhokisi ihla khona nomzimba. Kuthathe uncedo lwamapolisa kunye noogqirha ukuze baphephe amaxhoba.
I-Cengiza Aitmatov yangcwatyelwa kwi-ATA Bait Cemetlet ("I-Ohloa" yabantu ") kwiidolophu zaseBishkek. Le ndawo wakhetha ngaye wayekwangumbhali umva ekupheleni koo, xa emveni ukhangelo elide wakwazi ukufumana indawo yokungcwaba obethe Torekul Aitmatov. Emhadini jikelele, izidumbu 138 afumaneka Chon Tasha, nto leyo ngo-1991 kunye iimbasa bazitshitshisela e Ata Baim. Okulandelayo ukuya engcwabeni kayise enqwenela ukuba kuphumla Chingiz - sezifundo, ababa kakhulu ebonisa malunga elidlulileyo nelizayo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1952 - Iphephandaba Lidodo
- Ngo-1957 - "Ubuso ngobuso"
- Ngo-1957 - "Jamil"
- Ngo-1961 - i-topolak yam kwi-Red Kosynki "
- Ngo-1962 - "Utitshala Owokuqala"
- Ngo-1963 - "ibhodi" yebhodi "
- Ngo-1966 - "Farewell, ubugqwetha!"
- Ngo-1970 - "White Steamer"
- Ngo-1977 - "Pegii inja, eqhuba umda wolwandle"
- Ngo-1980 - "umold-on-ced-in-terni" ("kwaye ixesha elide kunosuku lwe-ikhulu")
- Ngo-1986 - "Flah"
- 1995 - "Plaching umzingeli phezu enzonzobileni okanye isivumo kwisiphumo kwenkulungwane 'ngentsebenziswano ne Mukhtar Shahanov
- 1996 - I-Tavro Kassandra
- Ngo-1998 - "intlanganiso neBahai"
- 2006 - "Xa iintaba ziwe (umtshakazi kanaphakade)"