Biography
UJohn Zlatoust yenye yezona zinto zihlonitshwayo ezakhiwayo kwinqanaba labangcwele kwisiko lamaKristu. Lo mzi wezakwalizwi kunye noSt. Uqwalasele umkhuseli kunye ne-charon eng ther ababuthathaka nabangamahlwempu, kunye nabo msebenzi banxulumene ne-ART ARDS: ARMEZO, ootitshala. Kwaye oku akuhambelani, kuba ngexesha lobomi bukaYohane, uZisusts ngenxa yamandla kunye nokholo luncede abantu abaninzi ukuba banyukele kwilungisa.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJohn Zlatoust ngokuzalwa wafumana igama uJohn Chrysostom. Umhla oqinisekileyo wokuzalwa kwamalungisa akaziwa. Kucingelwa ukuba ingcwele yexesha elizayo ivele malunga neminyaka engama-347. Ilizwe likaMama kaJohn - iAntiyokwe (sisixeko saseAntakya emazantsi eTurkey). Intsapho yenkwenkwe yayiyinto ebonakalayo kwaye ikhuselwe, kodwa uBawo ngumlo obekiweyo imizuzwana - wabushiya ubomi bakhe xa uYohane wayengumntwana ngokupheleleyo. Umama ka-Anfus wayebandakanyeke kwimfundo yabantwana.
Ngexesha lokufa komyeni wakhe, iAfefus yayineminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, eli bhinqa alizange likhangele intanda entsha, kodwa lazinikezela kubomi babantwana (uYohane wayenodadewethu, ekucacileyo, wasweleka esemncinci. Ngaphandle kobunzima, uAvfus wazama ukunika unyana wakhe imfundo elungileyo. UJohn Podtanatar nakwinzululwazi yehlabathi (uncwadi, i-rhetoric, intanda-bulumko), nakwiimfundiso zenkolo kunye nokufundisisa iZibhalo Ezingcwele. I-GiFold yendalo kunye nootitshala abalungileyo bavumela uYohane ukuba abe ngumntu ofundiswe nguThixo ngokwenene.
Unxibelelwano kunye no-Bishophu uAntiyoksky wenza uJohn malunga nokwenza ubhaptizo, kwaye ngo-367 umfundisi obhaptiziweyo nguJohn Zlatoust. UmKristu osandul 'ukwenza ikhwele ileta yeZibhalo Ezingcwele kwaye watyelela inkonzo kwiCawa yaseKhaya. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, u-MEELOLOTI waphakamisa uYohane kwinqanaba leSibhalo, kwaye wakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkonzo zonqulo.
Emva kokubhubha kukamama wakhe amthandayo, uYohane wagqiba kwelokuba amkele ubusuku. Emva kwexesha elithile, wanikwa iBhishopan, kodwa uYohane akazange avume ukuzukiswa. Ke amalungisa abhalwa ngomsebenzi obizwa ngokuba "ngamazwi amathandathu ngobubingeleli", apho wachaza umbono wakhe wento eyayifanele ukuba ingcwele.
Emva kwexesha elithile, uJohn wazalisekisa iphupha elinde ngeHermit kwaye wahlala yedwa emqolombeni. Kukho iiposti, imithandazo kunye neengcinga uYohane achithe iminyaka emine, eqonde ubulumko bobuthixo kunye no-Smassassa umhlaba.
Uvavanyo olunzima olunje, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kunceda umphefumlo kaYohane, kodwa ngelishwa, kwakungesipho somhlaba wamalungisa: kwaye wanyanzelwa ukuba abuyele kuye i-antiyokwe yemveli. Kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bukaYohane, kude kube sezintlungwini ezibizwa ngokuba sisifo se-gestric, esiyifumene ngexesha lokungakhathali.
Ngeli xesha, amalungisa abhale imisebenzi eliqela, eyathi isaxubusha amakholwa kunye nokuba sisiko ukunxibelelana namaxesha.
Ubulungiseleli bobuKristu
Ukubuyela kwethu kuluntu, uJohn wavunywa ukwamkela icawa eSan, kwaye e-381 ilungisa lalililungisa lamalungisa eSan Dyakon, kwaye kwiminyaka emihlanu kwaye kwiPresby. Omnye wemisebenzi kaJohn yayikukufundwa kweentshumayelo. Imfundo ifunyenwe ebutsheni bakhe, isipho seLizwi, kunye nokholo olunyanisekileyo lwamnceda uYohane ukuba abe ngumshumayeli obengezelayo. Bafika abantu bezinye izixeko, beza kucatngca ngoYohane emlonyeni, bava ukuba bamphuthelezelayo amazwi enkxaso kunye nenkuthazo.
Ngesipho esinjalo, amazwi omshumayeli wabiza igama le-zlatoust. Kwiminyaka eli-12, uJohn Zlatoust washumayela etempileni, ehlanganisene kunye neparafini intsingiselo yeLizwi likaThixo, erekhodwe ngokutolikwa kwezibhalo kunye nemiyalelo yamakholwa. I-Peru Yoh John Zlatoust iyomisebenzi "kumhlolokazi oselula", "malunga nolungiselelo" nabanye abaninzi.
Kwi-397, i-archbishop ye-iConstinople ifakwe. UJohn utabele walithabatha njengosolusapho. "Ukuphuhliswa" "ngomsebenzi" onjalo uYohane waqalisa ukunyuka kwababingeleli. Ukongeza, izixhobo zezinto ezibonakalayo zenzelwe ukuba zibe ngababhali, uJohn uchithe kulondolozo lweebhedyuli kunye noncedo olungamahlwempu nexilongo uPilgrim. Kwasasazwa amahemuhemu malunga nobubele nobulungisa bukaYohane emlonyeni, ngoko ke igama lakhe laziwa ngamakholwa.
Hayi ngaphandle kongquzulwano. Ngenye imini, u-Edress Euddoxia (iqabane lika-Emperor ka-Emperor Arkady) uyalelwa ukuba athathe yonke ipropathi kubahlolokazi kunye nabantwana beVelmazby. UJohn uZitosti wamenzela umfazi ongenatyala enonyana omncinci, ofanelwe ngumsindo nentiyo yegazi eliphakamileyo. Le meko ayizange icothe ukuze isebenzise amathuba kunye neziqhulo: Kungekudala u-Euddoyy waxelwa ukuba uYohane utyhola ukuba wayeshumayela ngamabhinqa amanqatha.
UJohn of Zallatoust ngoko nangoko ukungcatsha inkundla. Isigwebo sasinxunguphaya: amalungisa ebefanele ukuba ahluthwa icawe, aze awenze ngokumthuka i-vrys enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, inkosikhhwe ikhwele yaba yindoda elumkileyo nenenceba. Umlawuli wathatha indawo yokuphunyezwa kwikhonkco. UKara uKara akazange andenze alinde: Ngobunye ubusuku njengoJohn Zbelazileyo esixekweni, umntwana wase-Euddoyy wasweleka eCrib, kwaye kwenziwe inyikima enkulu kuwo.
Ukubaleka umsindo kaThixo, lo mfazi wawumela ukuba abuyele eCons eConsicaninople, athumela emva kwendoda elilungisa. Nangona kunjalo, uloyiko lokupholisa ngokufutshane ukuya e-Euddooky-sele iinyanga ezimbini kamva, i-vress iphinde yanika intendelezo kuYohane weZimbano, ekholelwa enye into yokugweba. Kwaye ilungisa laligxeka isikuthinjwa.
Ukubhengeza ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwesivakalisi, uJohn wathumela uxwebhu lwezikhalazo loncedo lukaPopu Ayindiswanga i-John kwaye ixhotywe eConstantinople. Ngelishwa, abameli beepapal bangenazinjongo: okokuqala ababingeleli babanjwa, emva koko bathumela kwaphela.
Ke uYohane uTlatostist wayeseArmenia. Ngaphandle kokushenxiswa kwabahlobo, abantu ababefuna ukuthanda abantu kunye nabaseBhaptili, ilungisa aliyilahle iNkosi. UJohn uhlala ubhalela iileta, ezazithunyelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, kuquka eConstantinople. Le miyalezo, ezinye zazo zasinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, zinemiyalelo yamakholwa, kunye namagama enkxaso kunye nentuthuzelo kwabo bayifunayo.
Ukufa
Ebusika, iminyaka engama-406 impilo yobulungisa iye yasilela kakhulu. Ngenxa yokugula, uJohn, uZadotist akazange aphule ebhedini. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kumise abalawuli beedolophu: Umyalelo wapapashwa ekudlulinisweni kukaYohane kwiPythyant (ngoku sisixeko sasePitenda, esikwi-Abkhazia). Inguqu ye-Hanking yeentsuku ezintathu yokuhamba ngeemvula kunye nelanga elitshatileyo ekugqibeleni sajongwa impilo kaJohn Zbelatoust. Ngapha koko, ilungisa kwakufuneka lidilize ukugculelwa kunye nokugculelwa kwekhonkco.
UIoann akazange afikelele kwiPythyuncy: Ilungisa lalikwilali yaseKomana, amalungisa ecela ubudlelane, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba efile. Ngokwembali, amazwi okugqibela kaJohn Zaltoust yayisithi: "Ndiyabulela kuThixo ngayo yonke into." Ibhayiloji yasemhlabeni kaJohn Zlatoust iphelile ngoSeptemba 14, 407.
Kude kube ngama-438, iintsalela zaseburhulumenteni zangcwatywa kumhlaba we-abhazia yanamhlanje, eKomi. Emva koko ngomyalelo wosolusapho we-ittedTloncted, batshintshelwa kwikomkhulu. Ngokutsho kwembali, uthuli lweNkosi engcwele kwibhokisi yebhokisi yaya kuba yinkulu, kwaye eConstannofiger onamandla uYohane wavuma ukuba namakholwa athethe namakholwa, ndinqwenela wonke umhlaba. Ebusweni beengcwele, uJohn Zlatoust ubeke ngo-1568 ngoTata Pope V.
Ngo-1204, iziqwenga zikaYohane zeTlatostive zithuthelwa eRoma, apho zahlala khona kwiinkulungwane ezisibhozo. Kwaye ngo-2004 ngommiselo kaJohn Paul Paul II, owayehlala emva kwePope yamaRoma, amasalela eSaint abuyiselwa eConstantinople (ngoku esi sixeko sibizwa ngokuba sisiStanbul). Ngoku amandla ka-John, kunye namasango, umzi wezamyalo wokuphumla kwikati yeSt. George e-Istanbul.
UJohn John Zlatoust uthathwa njengomfundisi obalaseleyo. " Kwakukho ukulunga ezimbini zobulungisa- umsitho wezakwalizwi, kwaye inkulu kangaka. NgoJanuwari 30, amakholwa, esi siko lilandelayo, cwangcisa iinkonzo ngokuzukisa iholide kuzuko lwabangcwele.
Ukongeza, nge-27 kaJanuwari, usuku lokuphela kobomi bukaJohn Zlatoust lubhiyozelwe, kwaye ngoNovemba 13, umhla wokuqalisa kukaJohn kwi-San Artantinople).
Kwimifanekiso kaJohn, iZlatostive ibonakaliswa ngesibhalo esingcwele ezandleni zakhe. Esi sisikhumbuzo sokukholwa ukuba umlomo walo mntu wasemhlabeni usincede wasitolika kwaye wawuqonde umyalezo kaThixo. Kukholelwa ukuba le icon inceda ukususa iimfuno nenglamba, kunye nengqondo kusapho (kunye nendlela yokuphila kwelungisa incede i-Coin i-Hine, kwaye incedisiwe kwiBhunga kunye neBhunga lanceda igama).
Kwakhona, i-icon kaYohane yeTlatost ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-mascot yabafundi, amagqwetha nootitshala - abantu abanceda abanye ulwazi lwabo nesipho. Abazali babantwana abangakwaziyo ukuthetha ixesha elide, ngaba ngokwesiko baphatha imithandazo kule nkolelo. Ngapha koko, kukholelwa ukuba uYohane onguNgcwele uTlatoust unceda ukususa umona nokubawa, kunye naye, kanye njengokuba umntu ongqongqo, enxibe ezi zinto zimbi.
Imemori
- NgoJanuwari 30-Day yeSt John Zlatoust, i-Grigotiy Theologing kunye neVasily
- NgoJanuwari 27 -Usuku lokufa kukaJohn Zlatoust
- Nge-13 kaNovemba i-ts chtraust