Biography
UAlexey Orlov - umntakwabo omncinci kaGrigoria Orlova (i-Purita Catherine II), inkxaso ye-evress, eyaba yintloko ye-1762. Ucacisiwe nangokubulawa kukaKumkani owayesakuba nguKumkani uPeter III. Ngesandla esikhanyayo, uAlexey Grigoorievich Russia wafumana ukuzala kwamahashe okhethekileyo - i-orlovsky rysak. Indoda ikwanika ilizwe ukuba libe yindawo eqaqambileyo ye-gypsy folklore.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umnyhadala wexesha elizayo we-MPROROROROR uthi bubungqina bosapho oluhle. UAlexey Grigorievich wazalwa nge-7 kaSeptemba, 1737 (ngokonyaka endala) kwilali yaseLutkino (kwiPhondo le-Tver). Utata, umnikamnika welinge lakhe, kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokuzalwa kuka-Alysha, wathabatha isithuba seRhuluneli yeNovergorod.
Kwintsapho, uAlexey - unyana wesithathu wesithandathu, wahlulwa yimpilo ye-bogatlish, iimpawu zeshishini kunye nomomeleleyo, onamandla nonamandla. Ulwazi malunga ne-biography yokuqala yomntu olimbali inqabile. Abazalwana bambiza ngokuba nguAlekhan. Lo mfana akazange afumane imfundo eqaqambileyo nokukhula, engabi nazo iilwimi zasemzini, kwixesha elizayo, imbeko eyoyikiswayo kwimijikelezo yenkundla.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkozo zazinomthwalo wokuzalwa, xa sele zinomdla kwiiSayensi kunye noNcwadi, iManshralil Mikhail Lomononosov, i-Denis jacques rousseau. Kuyaziwa ukuba le ndoda ifundile izazinzulu kunye namatyala omkhosi kwindawo yeWelllinskaya, kwaye inkonzo yaqala kwiminyaka eli-15 ijoni kwi-Pretobrazensky.
Ipolitiki neyemkhosi
Ngo-1762, uAlexey Grigorievich Doros ukuya kwi-Serobrazhensky. Ngeli xesha, abazalwana base-Orlov - uAlexey, eGrigory noFeden-wayehleli ngokuqinileyo kuluntu lweMetropolitan, kodwa iintsomi ziye zangena e-Ugly, ezihamba ngendlela emzimbeni kunye namandla omzimba. Akunakulindeleka ukuba abantu abancinci babeza kuwa kwi-vardals yelivisi, ukuba abafakwanga kwisangqa sendlalifa kwindlalifa uye kwindlalifa ukuya kwitrone, kwi-Ekaterna Alekseevna.
Ukungena kwindawo enobunzima bomtshato wexesha elizayo, i-orlov yasungula ukuqhuba kwimbutho yolutsha, yaze yancama ibhendi enkulu yomkhosi. Inkokeli yombutho kwaye yaba yi-Alexey enegazi negazi esebenzayo, ekwaziyo ukugcina izimvo malunga ne-coup yombuso de kube sekupheleni.
UAlexey Grigorievich uthatha inxaxheba ngqo kwinkqubo yokutshintsha amandla. Indoda yayihamba ngoPeter Peter uPeter III, owayekwinqwelo evaliweyo eRopshu, wamdala apha, emva koko wakhupha ukuvuselelwa kwetrone kumlawuli. Ukufa kukaPeter kwanetyala okanye i-arlov yobomi begrafu iqinisekile ukuba le yingcaciso nje, ileta eguqukayo, ibizwa ngokuba yinyani.
Emva kokuhlela, i-alezey, kunye nezalamane ezindala, zaziphezu kwe-vresress. Indoda yayiwa kukuntywila kwenceba-isihloko sesihloko esikhulu, emva koko iphambili kwi-Alexander Nevsky, kunye ne-800 yemiphefumlo ye-800, kunye nelali ye UObolensky, owonwabileyo nabazalwana abathathu.
Kwixa elizayo, i-Orlov idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwimicimbi yombuso, yenziwa inani lemiyalelo enoxanduva lokumkanikazi. Eyona nto yahlulahlula ngakumbi ngexesha lemfazwe neTurkey - uAlexey wazifumana epikini yeziganeko zomkhosi: Yenza isicwangciso sokusebenza, emva koko sakhwela i-squadron ye-squadron yeRoma.
Kwi-Chessasky ilungiselele "ukusebenza komxholo", ukuguqula i-Turkish Fleet Fleet. Uloyiso lwaseRussia lwabhiyozelwa ngomkhamo - imbeko yoyiso lomoya, imbasa yayinkqonkqozwa, i-godmersky oblisk kunye nebhotwe livele kwimephu yemali enkulu. I-Alexey Grigorievich, ofumene i-odolo engcwele ye-george ye-george ye-george kunye nesihloko segrafu, sinqwenela ukuthatha ifani yesibini - chessasky.
Ukubala i-orlov ivavanye enye into ebalulekileyo ephathiswe i-vresress. Ngo-1775, umenzi-sicelo wabhengezwa kwitrone yaseRussia yePrincess Tarakanova, ozixelele intombi ka-Elizabeth petrovna. I-Ekaterina II yamwise i-Alexey ukuya kwi-Alebey kwi-Advorist kwaye ihambise ukusuka eYurophu kuBukhosi baseRussia.
Ukhozi kulo msebenzi lwabonisa lonke ubuchule bobuso kunye nothando, ebonisa uthando, kwaye basondeza inkosana izandla zakhe nentliziyo yakhe. Ngokukrakra ukujamelana nesabelo, oko kukuthi, ukubanjwa kweenkosana, igrafu kwangalo nyaka urhoxile.
Emva kokubhubha kukaCatherine, iPavel ndathatha itrone eyayithabathela kumhlala-phantsi kweKhozi -Ki, kwaye ukubala kwashiya iRussia. Ibuyisiwe kuphela emva kweAlexander i ngo-1801. Emva kweminyaka emi-6, uAlexey Grigorievich wayeza kuthatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ezinxulumene nokugqitywa kwehlabathi le-tilzite, kodwa umbono awuzange umiselwe ebomini- kungekudala ukubala kudlule.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1782, uvuyo lwezalamane, iOrlov wagqiba kwelokuba atshate. Inkosi ye-Evdokia Lopukhina yaba inyuliwe - le ntombazana yayineminyaka engama-21 ubudala, ngelixa uAlexey Grigoorievich ebhiyozela isikhumbuzo esingama-48. Ngokutsho kwabathile ababhali-mbali, inkosikazi etshatileyo ye-Exaterina Demidov ibonakale ihleli.
Wothuka ngoko nangoko uCryregress kumtshato olandelayo waseOrlov, kwaye uCatherine wasivuyisa incwadi yakhe ebhaliweyo ngokuba ngubhalo obhaliweyo, enqwenela "lonke ulonwabo kunye nentlalontle." Umsitho womtshato othi tyaba uxhaphakile kwi-moscow yonke imihla emininzi ngokulandelelana. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi bosapho bufutshane - i-Evdukia Nikolaevna basweleka ekuzalweni komntwana wesibini, bemshiya u-Orlov, unyana osakhulayo uAna).
Ukubalwa kwazisa omnye unyana ngokungekho semthethweni ngo-1763 ngu-Alexander Chesmensky. UCatherine II wavumela i-goages yakhe ukuze inyamekele inzala: uAlexey Grigorievich wanika i-SASA imfundo entle kunye nokukhuliswa.
Kwixa elizayo, uAlexander Chesmsky waba yinto enkulu, ethathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe nxamnye noKostyutoko. Intombi ka-Anna yangena kwinkundla ye-Freyaria, yasala umtshato kwaye yabetha inkolo, kodwa ayishiyi eyadini yasebukhosini.
Ukuba nokurhoxa ngo-1775, ukubala ukuya eMoscow kwaye bachitha ixesha kwizenzo zakhe ezithandwayo-izinja ezifuyayo kunye namahashe avela phesheya. Yaneliswa kukuzingca, ukuzidla. Njengamazwe adakumbileyo kwiphondo le-voronezh, i-Alebey Grigoovich yakha umzi-mveliso we-Krenovskaya, apho wazisa i-oyol rysakov eyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela nelaseRussia.
Ukongeza kumahashe, i-Orlovskiy Canary, i-Orlovsky yeMfazwe yeGeese kunye ne-Orlovian Poep Popges idume. Kwaye ukusuka kwiPersi Alexey Grigorievich izazisa iinkukhu ze-ginyandovsky. Kwakhona, ukubala i-orlov yazisa i-moscow ikwayara yokuqala ye-gypsy aziswa eRussia esuka eMoldova. Le chapel iphawulwe ukuqala komsebenzi we-gypsy wobungcali.
Ukufa
Ngaphambi kokuba basweleke, abantu abadala negrafu yokudayanisa wayekhathazwa kakhulu. Ngokweentsomi, ukuze bangaziva bekhwaza, wayalela i-orchestra yasekhaya ukuba idlale iintsuku ezimbalwa ngokulandelelana. Iindaba zokuba uAlexey Grigoorievich, ekufeni, ngokukhawuleza wabhabha kwiSithili, kwaye abantu beeklasi ezahlukeneyo bafika kwilifa.
Kutshiwo ukuba uyathandwa ngabanqaba abanqabileyo, indoda yayihlala ibaphatha kakuhle, ke, phambi kwesango, abantu abalula bayakhala. Kwikrisimesi, iKrisimesi ye-1807, iinkosana-chesmers ziyasweleka.
Igrafu yangcwatywa kwimoyala ye-Yuriev, apho uthuli lube kufutshane khona. Ngo-1896, uthuli lokhozi lwalusemithini ye-ESTED.
Imemori
- Ngo-1995, ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwinkokeli yasemkhosini kunye nokukhethwa kwe-Alexey Orlov Chesmensky kwamiswa kwi-voronezh.
- Ngo-2004, isikhumbuzo esiya ekholonini ukubalwa kwavela kwi-Greek Islands njengenxalenye yokubhiyozela imihla yobuhlobo baseRussia-Greek.
- Kwithala leencwadi le-Navaval Natict (St. Pretersburg) egcina ingqokelela yeencwadi uAlexei Orlova. Olu shicilelo lube nolusu olumdaka ngegolide ephawulwe yi-Gao Monogram phantsi kwesithsaba sedolophu.