Biography
U-Ivan shishkin "uhlala" phantse yonke ikhaya laseRussia okanye indlu. Ingakumbi kumaxesha eSoviet, abanini bathandwayo ukuhombisa iindonga ngokuphinda zenziwe ngemizobo ngumculi, ukupheliswa kwiimagazini. Ngapha koko, ngomsebenzi wepeyinti, abantu baseRussia baqhele ukuba nobuntwana bakhe - ibhere kwihlathi lepine lihombisa itshokholethi yetshokholethi. Kubomi beNkosi enetalente, "bogatyr" kunye "nokumkani wehlathi" njengophawu lokuhlonipha ubuhle bendalo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umthendeleko wexesha elizayo wazalwa kwintsapho yabathengisi ivan vanyinevich shishkin nge-25 kaJanuwari, 1832. Ubuntwana bomculi udlule e-Elabuga (kumaxesha obukhosi, yayiyinxalenye yePhondo laseVyatka, namhlanje yiRiphabhlikhi yaseTatarsstan). Utata wayethandwa kwaye ehlonitshwe kwidolophu encinci yephondo, uIvana Vasneevich nangona iminyaka eliqela ebiwe sisihlalo sentloko yentloko. Ekungeneni komrhwebi nakwimali yakhe, uElabuga wafumana umgca wokuhambisa amanzi, osasebenza ngokuyinxalenye. I-shishkin inikezelwe kubantu bexesha likaDavide kunye nencwadi yokuqala malunga nembali yomhlaba wokuzalwa.
Ukuba ngumntu oguquguqukayo, u-Pragmatic, uIvan Vasneevich wazama ukuba nomdla uVanya kunye neeSayensi zeNdalo, kwaye xa inkwenkwe yayimkile kwinzala yokuqalisa inzala yaseKazan Nangona kunjalo, ivan youn shishkin ukusukela ebuntwaneni itsalele ubugcisa. Ke ngoko, kwiziko lemfundo lakhawuleza ukuba nengqokelela, kwaye wayiphosa, esithi akafuni ukubuyela kwigosa.
Ukubuyela kuka Nyana akukhathaza abazali, ngakumbi uSiphas, kamsinya nje emva kokuba iindonga zendawo yokuzivocavoca, zaqala ukuzithanda. Umama Dadia Alexandna udityaniswe kukungakwazi kwa-Ivan ukufunda, ukucaphuka kwaye ishumi elivisayo ayinakwenzeka kwiMicimbi yezeKhaya, ihleli ijongene nayo nabani na ongenzi " Utata waxhasa iqabane lakhe, nangona emfihlakalweni wavuya ebuzwa kwi-saint ye-saint yento entle. Ukuze angabizi abazali, umzobi owenziwa ebusuku - amanyathelo okuqala ekupeyinta.
Ukupeyinta
Ngeli xesha, ivan "egxothiwe" ibrashi. Kodwa xa amagcisa akhutshwe e-Elabugu, owayekhutshiwe kwikomkhulu ukuba apeyinti i-Icanostasis yecawa, kwaye i-shishkin okokuqala ngqa ngobuqhetseba. Ukufundisisa kwiiMuscovtes ngobukho besikolo sokupeyinta kunye nokufuma, le ndodana yabamba iphupha ngokuqinisekileyo liba ngumfundi wemfundo emangalisayo.
Utata onobunzima, kodwa uvumile ukuvumela uNyana ukuba aye kwimiphetho emide - ukuba inzala ayiphosi kwaye ifundwe phaya, kwaye iya kukhetha i-charles yesibini ka-brtullov. I-biography ye-shishkin enkulu ibonisile - igama eliphambi komzali liyahlonitshwa ngokungagungqiyo.
Ngo-1852, isikolo saseMoscow sepeyinti kwaye soyike sangena kwizikhundla zabo ivan shishkin, owela phantsi komgcini we-Apolraitist Apoltraisky. Umzobo wepeyinti onomdla umtsalane, kumzobo awazenzayo. Kungekudala malunga netalente eqaqambileyo ye-asterisk entsha kubugcisa obubonakalayo, sonke isikolo sifundile: ootitshala kunye nabanye abafundi babhiyozela isipho esiqhelekileyo sokuzoba isipho esiqhelekileyo sokuzoba intsimi eqhelekileyo okanye umlambo.
Idiploma yesikolo saseSchishkina yaya incinci, kwaye ngo-1856 wangena kwi-St. Petersburg i-Imperial Ampemy Ampemy yezobuGcisa, eyoyisa iintliziyo zootitshala. Ivan Ivanovich ifundile kwaye yamangalisa izakhono ezibalaseleyo zokupeyinta.
Kunyaka wokuqala, umculi waqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa nehlobo kwisiqithi saseValaam, kuba ogqirha kwixesha elizayo afumene imbasa enkulu yegolide ukusuka kwi-Acal. Ngexesha lezifundo zakhe, ifiggrafi ye-piggyback yagcwaliswa ngokutsha kunye nembasa ezimbini ezincinci kunye ne-mendoli yegolide encinci yokupeyinta kunye ne-Sttersburg.
Emva kokuphela kweZiko leMfundo, iVan Ivanovich yakwazi ukuphucula ubuchule phesheya. I-Acalcom yeTalentement yaqesha umhlala-phantsi okhethekileyo, noShishkin, hayi umthwalo wokuthatha iqhekeza lesonka, uye eMurich, emva koko eTsich, eGeneva neDusseldorf.
Apha umzobi wazama imikhosi kwi-vradust "i-Tsarist Vodka", okuninzi ubhale kakhulu, apho umfanekiso ocacileyo wapapashwa "umbono okufutshane noDüsseldorf". Umsebenzi oqaqambileyo, womoya waya kwilizwe lakhe - ukuba i-shishkin yakhe ifumene isihloko sesikolo.
Kwiminyaka emithandathu, waqhelana nohlobo lwelizwe langaphandle, kodwa i-tosca ekwilizwe lakhe yathatha umphezulu, uIvan shishkin wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, umzobi akacel 'umngeni kucelomngeni kwiRussia ekukhangeleni iindawo ezinomdla, indalo engaqhelekanga. Xa wavela eSt. Petersburg, amagcisa amagcisa athathwa inxaxheba kwimicimbi. I-paiter iqhuba ubuhlobo ne-Konstantin Savitsky, i-archka yenkosikazi kunye ne-Ivan Kramsky.
Kwi-70s, kongezwa iiklasi. Ivan Ivanovich ihleli kunye noogxa bakhe intsebenziswano yemiboniso yobugcisa yeselula, ngokuhambelana nokujoyina uMbutho weAquatatory. Yayilindile indoda kunye nesihloko esitsha-sokupeyinta "Intlango yeHlathi", uMfundi weNkampani uyamisa kuye kwinani le-offersors.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini se-1870s, ivan shishkin iphantse yaphulukana nendawo ekwaziyo ukuhlala kwisangqa segcisa. Ukuba nentlekele (ukusweleka komfazi wakhe), indoda yayisela kwaye ididekile nabahlobo kunye nabo sibathandayo. Kwakunzima ukuba azithathe ezandleni zakhe, amtshanga intloko yakhe. Ngelo xesha, ubugcisa 'i-ryge "," ikhephu lokuqala "," I-Pine Bor "ivela phantsi kwentsiba yenkosi. I-Ivan Ivanovich ye-Ivanovich ichazwe ngolu hlobo: "Unomdla onomdla kuyo? Ubomi kunye nokubonakaliswa kwayo, ngoku, njengamaxesha onke. "
Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba i-Ivan Shishkin yamenyelwa kwiSikolo soBugcisa esiPhakamileyo esikwi-Academy sobuGcisa. Ukuphela kwenkulungwane ye-Xix kwaphawulwa ngokwehla kwesikolo esidala samagcisa, ulutsha olukhetha ukuba lunamathele kwenye imigaqo yobuhle, nangona kunjalo
U-Ivan Ivanovich uyakuthanda ukunxibelelana nababhali abancinci kwaye wade wazama ukwenza iinjongo zomsebenzi wakhe. Ngexesha lokufundisa, umbungu wawuthathela ingqalelo umqulu obalaseleyo weValentina Serov.
Ukuvavanya italente yomculi, abalandeli bebhayoloji kunye nabalandeli bakaShishkin balithelekisa nolwazi lwebhayoloji-kumnqweno wokubonisa ubuhle bendalo ivan ivanovich bafunda ngononophelo izityalo. Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke emsebenzini, wawa yimoss, amagqabi amancinci, ingca.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, indlela yayo ekhethekileyo yasekwa, apho izinto zobuvavanyo bezijongene nokudityaniswa kweebhulukhwe ezahlukeneyo, i-smears, imizamo yokuyidlulisela imibala eninzi kunye nemithunzi. Abantu ababephila ngexesha elibizwa ngokuba yi-Ivan shishkin yimbongi yendalo, bayakwazi ukubona isimilo sekona nganye.
IJografi yepeyinti yepeyinti ebanzi: Ivanovich ikhuthazwe yindawo entle kaBathathu Emnye-sergius lavra, ihlathi kwi-ilahleko ye-ilahleko, i-sokolnikov kunye ne-sostroretsk. Umculi opeyintiweyo kwiVevezhskaya uPuocha, ewe, kwi-elabug yakhe, apho wayeza kutyelela khona.
Inomdla wokwazi ukuba u-shishkin akazange asebenze yedwa. Umzekelo, ukubhala isilwanyana kunye ne-conrade konstantin savitstky ye-savitstantin savitsky kwanceda umfanekiso wehlathi "kwi-gene kwihlathi le-pine kwi-canvas yafika. Umfanekiso unesiginitsha emibini yokushicilela.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu bokubamba ubukrelekrele bekukho ububi. U-Ivan shishkin waqala wahamba phantsi kwesithsaba kade-kuphela kwiminyaka engama-36 ubudala. Ngo-1868, watshata nothando olukhulu nodade bobugcisa uFyodor vasineva eveeva Evgena. Kule mtshato, u-Ivan Ivanovich wonwabe kakhulu, akazange anyamezele ukwahlukana kwaye akhawuleze ngaphambili abuyele kuhambo lwamashishini eRussia.
I-EncgenIa Aleksandrovna yazala oonyana abathathu nentombi, kwaye uShishkin wasela utata wakhe. Ngelo xesha wamphuma uMninimkayo oMnikeli, owayekuvuyela ukuthatha iindwendwe endlini. Kodwa ngo-1874, iqabane lakho lafa, emva kokuba wayenonyana omncinci.
Ngobunzima obuvela kwintlungu, uShishkin watshata umfundi wakhe, umculi olga Ladoga. Kunyaka emva komtshato, umfazi wafa, eshiya ivan ivanovich nentombi yakhe ezingalweni zayo.
I-biographers ithatha inqaku elinye lomlinganiswa we-Ivan shishkin. Kwiminyaka yokufunda esikolweni, wayenxibe iMonki yeCick-Ke igama lesikeyi elibizwa ngokuba lisikizi kunye nokuvalwa. Nangona kunjalo, abo bakwazile ukuba ngumhlobo kuye, babuza ukuba le ndoda ithe yathetha kwaye iyahlekisa kwisangqa sabathandekayo.
Ukufa
U-Ivan Ivanovich washiya eli lizwe, njengoko ii-masters zixhomekeke, emsebenzini kwi-Masterpiece elandelayo. Kusuku lwentwasahlobo enelanga le-1898, umculi ekuseni wahlala phantsi kwi-easel. Kumasifundisane, ngaphandle kwakhe, umncedisi osebenze, oxelele iinkcukacha zokufa kukatitshala.
I-Shishkin ibonakaliswe into enje ngeZovka, intloko yakhe iqhube esifubeni. Ugqirha ufumene isithuba sentliziyo. Ukupeyinta "Ubukumkani bamahlathi" bahlala bengangafezekanga, kwaye umsebenzi wokugqibela ogqityiweyo we-upester yi "thumba" grove ", namhlanje iyathandeka kwiindwendwe zemyuziyam yaseRussia.
U-Ivan shishkin waqala wangcwatywa kwi-orthodox ye-orthodox
Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1870 - "Ukuhamba ehlathini"
- Ngo-1871 - "Birch Parthi"
- Ngo-1878 - "Birch Grove"
- Ngo-1878 - "rye"
- I-1882 - "kumda wehlathi ye-pine"
- 1882 - "Intsimi yehlathi"
- 1882 - "ngokuhlwa"
- 1883 - "Creek kwi-birch hlathi"
- I-1884 - "ihlathi dali"
- 1884 - "I-pine entlabathini"
- 1884 - "Poolie"
- I-1885 - "Musy therty"
- 1887 - "Grove Grove"
- I-1889 - "kusasa kwihlathi lepine"
- Ngo-1891 - "Imvula kwiHlabathi leDubov"
- 1891 - "emantla endle ..."
- Ngo-1891 - "emva kwesaqhwithi eMary Hovi"
- I-1895 - "Ihlathi"
- I-1898 - "i-rove"