Biography
Umbhali waseSoviet waseRussia kunye nembongi, i-Plaet, kwi-satirik kunye ne-Kirik kunye ne-Kirik Gale "kunye nemisebenzi emininzi enemifanekiso" enamanye amazwe anemigangatho ye-noveli kunye neefilimu ezibonakalayo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali oyintanda ngezigidi wazalelwa ngo-1899 e-Elifuverode (ngoku kropyvnytsky). Uhlobo lwakudala, iingcambu zakhe zilandelwa kwinkulungwane ye-XV, e-Bearin Olerdi, ezazikhusela iPrish Borovsking, emva koko inxenye yesithili saseLithuanina (yanamhlanje) . I-Orthodox I-Elesha Petrovich idityaniswe kwaye iguqulwe kubuKatolika.
Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini emva kwecandelo le-Commonwealth Lomhlaba, uBukumkani baseRussia badlula, kwaye i-Olemsi yayiba ziingangamsha, ishiya ulwimi lonxibelelwano lwePoland. Utata wombhali wexesha elizayo - uKarl Olesha - yayiligosa elimnandi kunye nomnini-ndlu: Ilitha lehlathi elalibizwa ngokuba ligama "iiyunithi". UKarl kunye nomzalwana - ukungcakaza abangcakazayo-kuthengise ipropathi ngamatyala.
Kwisikimi seenkumbulo zabantwana zikaYuri, i-Elesshi yahlala ikhwele i-fries, ubomi kwindlu enobungozi kunye nezityholo ngenxa ye-poigo ye-poigu kunye nembumbulula kayise kwiiklabhu. Emva kwexesha, u-Elesha uza kubhala ukuba "iiklabhu zenye yamazwi aphambili obuntwana bam." Umama yuri-umculi onetalente kunye nobuhle olga, obizwa ngokuba yiRafael.
UYuri wayehlala e-Elisavergrade kwiminyaka emi-3 yokuqala, emva koko usapho lwafudukela eOdessa. Ukukhuliswa kwenkwenkwe kwakubandakanyeka kwi-poriling gory tory. Iminyhadala yotshintsho Melkurbuzbuzgaza yathatha i-Olezha yathatha ilizwe. Ukufika eOdessa yemfazwe yemvukelo "i-Potramin" yabangela ukoyikeka kwaye kulindelwe ukuphela kokuphela kokungafikeleleki kobomi bangaphambili.
Ngo-11, uYuri waba ngumfundi we-gechenusium yeRichingean. I-Neby Yeeble ye-40 ye-Ind eklasini yayisoyika: Ukungena kwicandelo lokuhoywa kwe-ulcer olesitshi lenzelwe ukuba yiyo cwaka kuyo yonke i-Gymnasium ixesha elide. Sele inkwenkwe inommangaliso omangalisayo kwaye yabekwa phantsi.
Imigca yokuqala yeShymed ye-Yuri Olesha ubhale kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Kwi-Odessa "I-Herald Herald" i-Deut yoLwazi yomfana yenzekile: Iofisi yokuhlela ithathe lo mbongo "ukuqhwaba" ukuprinta. Ngo-1917, uYuri Olesha wafumana isatifikethi sokukhula kwaye wangena kwiDyunivesithi yaseOdessa ngokukhetha ubuchwephesha bomthetho.
Uncwadi
Izalamane ezingavumiyo ukuguqulwa kwakufudukela ePoland, kwaye wala wasala ePalmyra, apho ubomi boli bolu buphilayo babubila. Ndikunye ne-valentin kataev kunye ne-inta ilfom, wajoyina "iimbongi". Esixekweni kuLwandle Olumnyama, omnye emva kwenye apho kukho imibutho yoncwadi. Kumaphulaphuli abasi-8 kwiDyunivesithi yoLwesine obanjiwe ngokuhlwa kwi-osaans yetalente. Ulutsha olubizwa ngokuba nguNikolai Gumileva, Alexander Blok, Igor Norner.
I-gesitic gesic ye-eleshi-umdlalo obizwa ngokuba "yintliziyo encinci" yenzeka eOdessa. Wabekwa ngamalungu emijikelezo yoncwadi. Umbhalo wokubhalwa walahleka, kodwa kwindalo yokudlala yombhali, umdlalo wadlala indima: UYuri weva iimpendulo zokuqala zenzondelelo.
Ngeminyaka yee-1920, iperile ngaselwandle, eyayiphand 'ishedlelekile ekunikeleni, isesandleni, yathatha umkhosi obomvu. Amaza embaleki avelisa abantu abanetalente abavela kuyo yonke into ephangaleleyo. Imbongi kunye ne-prosaik vladimer nadimer ifikile esixekweni, ephembelela ubomi be-yury heleshi.
Ngoku ababhali be-odessa baqamba imibhalo yokuphazamiseka kwiiposta kunye namaphetshana, imisebenzi elungelelanisiweyo kwi-canesion esebenzayo, evulekileyo kwiindawo zokutyela ezazingaphambi kwendlela kunye neekhefu. Umdlalo omtsha osebenza umdlalo we-OledHi "umdlalo" wabona kwinqanaba lemidlalo yethiyetha ye-Satire yenguqu.
Ngentwasahlobo ye-1921, u-Elesha noKataev bafudusela udidi eKharkov, apho umbhali wanikwa i-Arhente yeTenaradid Agency. U-Yuri Olesha uzinzisile kwi "I-Disala" ithiyetha, kodwa kunyaka kamva inkampani yafudukela kwikomkhulu. EMoscow, i-Odessans yazinza kwindlu yombhali kwaye yafumana umsebenzi kwi-Gudoki, kumaphepha apho i-mikhail bulgakov, ilya ilf kunye ne-yevgeny petrov yapapashwa. Umbhali obizwa ngokuba ngu "Gudkovsky" Elona xesha lilungileyo ebomini.
UYuri wasebenza kwisebe loLwazi apho iimvulophu ngoonobumba abahleliyo: eMoscow, emva kweOdessa, u-Elesha waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokukrala. Kunyaka kamva, iNtloko yeSebe, efunda imibhalo yophawu, yanikwa i-feuller kwivesi. Kumbuzo wokuba ngubani oza kusayina, ucebise iPseundusm "chisel".
Ukuhlelwa sisithsaba sempumelelo. Kwi "Beep" emva kokuba kwave enye i-fekelons entsha esayinwe ngu "chisel". Izixhobo U-Olese wanikela i-slackary obhale ngobusela, isibindi, ubuchule kunye nezinye izilonda zoluntu kwimimandla. Abafundi bezinto ezimhlophe zombongo ze-puetis ze-upys oledshi abayithandayo, bafika kumakhulu eempendulo.
Ngo-1924, umbhali wazisa abafundi i-prosay yokuqala ye-prosaic - i-noveli-i-noveli-ntsomi "ezintathu". Wapapashwa kwiminyaka emi-4 kamva. Imbono yokubhala i-fale ivele kwi-yuri ye-yuri ehostele "hoodkey" (eli yegumbi lakhe ngaphandle kwefanitshala ilf kunye ne-petrov echazwe kwi "Izitulo ezili-12"). Efestileni malunga nombhali babona ubuhle obuncinci, befunda ngenzondelelo incwadi. Intombazana ibibizwa ngokuba yi-valentina gruntzide. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, waba ngumfazi ka-Evgeny Perov.
Kwaye emva koko uVales oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala onomdla weminyaka eli-15 ubudala, onomdla, onomdla wokufunda iintsomi ze-fairy swrouse i-fan tible ilunge ngakumbi kunelo dane. Kwindlu yokuprinta babamba iphepha kwaye, beqengqeleka phantsi, inoveli ibhaliwe ebusuku. Ushicilelo lokuqala lwalunikezelwe kuValentina GrunZeide.
I-odessa efudumeleyo yaqaqanjwa kwisixeko samanqatha. Intsomi ye-carnival ye-carnical enecebo lokuphinda lifundwe ngokulula, i-fantasy kunye ne-teristors yombhali oqaqambileyo kunye nabantu abadala. Ngeminyaka yee-1930s, i-fale yefani yaqala yamenza kwindawo ye-MCAT. Idrama iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezili-17 kwaye namhlanje ibekwe kwimigca yehlabathi. Ngo-1966, i-Alexey Batalov ngoJosefu Shapiro wawususa umfanekiso "ootata abathathu".
Ngokuprinta, i-fale ifike kuphela emva kwempumelelo yenoveli yesibini ye-ElestHI, eye yaphuma ngo-1927 ebizwa ngokuba yimona. Inoveli malunga nekamva le-Intemigias emva kokuba inguqu ithathwa njengeyona nto ilungileyo kwilifa leYuri Oleshi. Umntu ophuphayo kwi "govy" nikolai Kavalerov, apho iimpawu zombhali ziqikelele, abantu ababephila ngexesha elibizwa ngokuba liqhawe. Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1930s, igumbi lika-Abram layisusa idrama "lalisa."
Impumelelo enkulu yenoveli ivule indlela "yamadoda amathathu atyebileyo": "I-fake" ngaphambili "I-" ngaphambili "i-fale" ngaphambili "i-chairy fayile ayishicilelwanga ngenxa yokwala uhlobo lwemeko encinci yoluntu.
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1930s, u-Elesha wabhala "umona" odlalayo ", kodwa iyelenqe le ntetho", kodwa ukugxekwa kwabona ukuba ukugxekwa kuyo kwaye kuvaliwe. Umbhali uhlengahlengisa umsebenzi, ebiza "uluhlu olukhulu". Ngo-1931, umdlalo wawuthatha kwiQela leQala yeQela lokuTshintsha iVevolod. Imveliso yaya kumaxesha amathathu ababukeli ababukeleyo, kodwa kwakamsinya nje, amagosa afumana i-Kramol.
Umbhali wayethule ixesha elide. Uninzi lwezonako loogxa, kubahlobo abasondeleyo, i-Olession icinezelwe, kwaye ukuvalwa komsebenzi kwawo. Isiqalo se-timeriotic ye-timeriotic yuri olesha esisindayo ekukhutshweni eTurkmenistan.
Ukuvalwa kwencwadi kwasuswa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1950, kodwa u-Olezha wabhala kancinci. Oku ikakhulu ikakhulu idrama kwiinoveli zeklasikhi - Dostoevsky, Chenkov. U-Yuri Karlovich wayehleli emva kweglasi kwindawo yokutyela, apho oogxa bazukiswa ngembeko yokunyanga. Iirekhodi zedayari, ziqokelelwe kwaye zapapashwa emva kokuba efile ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-19760, zingqina ngesipho esingathandekiyo sombhali.
Ubomi Buqu
Iiprototypes zamantombazana avela kumadoda "amathathu atyebileyo" yayingudadeLidiya, uOlga noSeraphim, otyhafileyo igama elifanayo. Ngamantombazana, uYuri wadibana eOdessa, apho usapho lwangaphambili lwase-Acrian lwaluzinza khona.
Kuncinci kubo, uSime, uYuri Olezha wathandana. Bahlala kumtshato waseburhulumenteni iminyaka emithathu, kodwa uSeraphim womoya wasinda kwi-Olesshi. Okwesibini - kumhlobo weVladimir Narbutu.
Phakathi phakathi kwe-1920, umbhali watshata oodade ophakathi - iOlga, awayehlala kuyo ngaphambi kokuphela kweentsuku. Kwakungekho abantwana abaqhelekileyo, kwaye uYuri Karlovich wanyusa unyana ka-Olga emtshatweni wokuqala.
Ukufa
Ubomi bukaYuri OlestHH Hived banciphise ilokuba uluphawu lokusela. Ngaphambi nje kokuba afe, umbhali, kwiingxowa zecala lomoya, wacela oogxa bakhe, loluphi uhlobo lomngcwabo olinikezelweyo. Waphendulwa ukuba indlela yokugqibela yenziwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Nge-ofisi yekratshi, i-Olesha yabuza ukuba ayinakwenzeka ukuba ichithe udidi olusezantsi, kwaye umahluko ukunika imali ngoku.
Wafa umbhali ngentwasahlobo ye-1960. Wangcwatyelwa kuNovoddevichy. Indawo yathatyathwa "kwicandelo eliphezulu" - kumqolo wokuqala wecandelo lokuqala.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1920-umbongo we-agasfer
- Ngo-1920 - Umbongo weBeatrice
- Ngo-1920 - i-plach umdlalo "
- Ngo-1924 - ifanitshala "abathathu ootata"
- Ngo-1927 - I-Roma "Umona"
- Ngo-1929 - isiqwenga "senzuzo yezinto"
- Ngo-1930-iqhekeza "loluhlu olukhulu"
- Ngo-1934 - Scario "Ulutsha Oselula"
- Ngo-1938 - Imeko "Amajoni eBotov
- Ngo-1939 - injineli yempazamo ye-cochin "
- Ngo-1958 - iqhekeza elithi "Idiot"
- Ngo-1959 -iplanga "i-bylevies"
- Ngo-1959 - iqhekeza "i-bracernate ye-bracelet"
- Ngo-1961-Daries "akukho mini ngaphandle komgca"