Biography
I-Igor Stravinsky ngumqambi omkhulu wasekhaya, umlinganisi nomqhubi wesifundo, ummeli oqaqambileyo wexesha lomculo. Ngasekunene, ithathwa njengenye yeenkokeli ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa behlabathi zenkulungwane ye-XX.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ngo-1882, i-Igor Stravinsky yazalwa kufutshane neSt. Petersburg. Abazali bakhe babenolwalamano ngqo nomculo - utata Fyodor owenziwe kwindawo yemidlalo yaseMariinsky kwaye wayengumculi ofanelekileyo kuBukhosi baseRussia, uMama Anna-Gianist, ehamba neqabane. Igor ikhula phakathi kokuhamba okungapheliyo kweendwendwe, kubandakanya nababhali, amagcisa, iimvumi. Utata wenkwenkwe wayenobuhlobo nge-dostoevsky.
Okokuqala ngqa kwipiyano, uCeius wexesha elizayo wayehleli kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala. Emva kokuphumelela kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, abazali bangenise i-Igor yeDyunivesithi yaseSt. Petersburg, apho umfana wafunda khona kwigqwetha. I-yodwa stravinsky ifundele umculo, emva koko yaqala ukuthabatha izifundo ngasese ukusuka kwi-Roma-Kordikov.
Igor ithi unyana wakhe uVladimir, owayefunda nomthetho. I-Roman-Kordokov ichukunyiswe yitalente ye-stravinsky, ecetyiswa ukuba ingangeni kulondolozo, njengoko ulwazi lwale ndoda lwanele. Umcebisi oqeqeshelwe ubuchule be-Ighsor Orchestration, ehlengahlengisa imisebenzi yakhe. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo, wafuna ukwenza umfundi wakhe umfundi.
Umculo
Ngo-1908, imisebenzi emibini ye-stravinsky - "i-favn kunye ne-custle" kunye ne "symphony Mi-Bairol enkulu" - bebulawa yi-orchestra yenkundla. Kunyaka olandelayo, iSergey Dyajilev yenzeka kwi-orchestral yakhe: wayebethwe yitalente yetalente, eyadibana naye ngoko nangoko waza wawisa amalungiselelo amaninzi kwi-paris yeRussis. Kunyaka emva koko, i-Dyajilev iphinde ibhenele kwimithambo-mali, uku-odola umculo ohambayo kwi-ballet entsha "yomlilo".
I-Premiere yenzeka ngehlobo le-1910: Impumelelo emangalisayo yaguquka ngokukhawuleza kwelona gunya lesizukulwana esitsha lababhali bomculo. "" Umlilo "waqala ukuqala komsebenzi odibeneyo we-igor kunye ne-dyagilev gougupes. Sele lithuba elilandelayo livula ne-ballet "parsley", kunye namanqaku e-stravinsky kunye nendawo entle ye-hijinsky kwindima ekhokelayo.
Ipeyintiwe yimpumelelo, umqambi waqiniseke ukuba ubhale uhlobo lwesiko le-symphony, ebhalwe ngo-1913 kwi-paris theatre yenza ingxolo enkulu. Lo msebenzi yayiyi "Ngxoxo". Ababukeli ngexesha le-prepmer bahlulwahlulwa zabethwa ziinkampu ezimbini: ezinye zahlulwe ngumdaniso otyhafileyo kunye nomculo onesibindi, owesibini ubububulisile imveliso yoqobo. AmaNgqina athi abadanisi abava i-orchestra - i-humf enjalo yayikwiholo.
Ukusukela ngala mhla weStravinsky kwabizwa ngokuba ngumqambi we "yentwasahlobo engcwele" kunye neyona ntshatsheli. I-Igor ishiya isixeko sakhe sommandla, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe nabantwana nge-1910, sithethe eFransi.
Nangona kunjalo, imfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala ayizanga "amaxesha zaseRussia" eParis, kunye nemirhumo yesisa yaphela. Ngo-1914, uChet Stravinsky uguqukele eSwitzerland phantse akukho luhlobo. Ngezo ntsuku, uhlala ebhekisa kwii-culk ze-rolk zaseRussia, iintsomi.
Ngeli xesha, umculo wabhala uStravinsky waba ne-quitist, ethintelwe, kodwa ngesingqisho esikhulu. Ngo-1914, waqala ukusebenza kwi-ballet "yomtshato", owagqitywa kuphela ngo-1923. Yasekwa kwiingoma zaseRussia zaseRussia, ezenziwa kwimitshato kunye nemitshato. Ngo-1920 kwisitayile saseRussia, ubugcisa bokugqibela bokubhalwa kwabhalwa- "Symphony womoya."
Emva komsebenzi wakhe, i-flavor yelizwe yanyamalala, kwaye waqala ukusebenza kwindlela ye-neoclassim. Emva koko, umqambi utolike utolike umculo waseYurophu waseYurophu kunye nezinye iindlela ezinomdla zembali. Ukususela ngo-1924, i-Igor Stravinsky iyayeka ukubhala kwaye isebenze njengo-pianist nomqhubi wesifundo. Ekupheleni kwemfazwe yesibini yehlabathi, iikonukuthelo zakhe zaqala ukonwabela ukuthandwa okukhulu.
Ke "amaxesha onyaka waseRussia" ahlaziywa, kodwa kwinqanaba elithobekileyo. I-ballet yokugqibela, eyadalwa yi-Dyagilev kunye ne-Stravinsky, yaba "yi-Apolloagyt", i-Prepeer ka-Apollogy ", i-Prepeere yayo eyayiqhutywa ngo-1928.
Ngo-1926 -Ukujika indawo kwikamva leStravinsky, wafumana inguqu zokomoya, ethi, eya kuthi, ibe nefuthe kubuchule. I-Motifs yenkolo ivela kwi "Tsar Edie", kwi-sydhote "ye-symphony yeNdumiso". I-Libotto kule misebenzi yenziwe kwisiLatin. Ngo-1939, wamenyelwa kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard eMelika, apho wayefunda khona umjikelo weentetho "zomculo".
Kumashumi amahlanu, i-Avan-Gardise ivela eYurophu, eyakhankanya i-neoclassism ethandekayo, kwaye i-stravinsky ifumana ingxaki yomculo. Uxinzelelo olukhulu, apho i-igor yayiyindawo yokuhlala, iphelile ngomsebenzi othile wokuvavanywa: "ICanttata", "imemori yeDilames Thomas".
Waqhubeka esenza umsebenzi, nangona wayehlaselwa, de kwangowe-1966, umsebenzi wokugqibela waba "yimrhumo". Le yimveliso engathethekiyo ebhalwe ngumqambi ngo-84, yaba bubungqina betalente enkulu kunye namandla angapheliyo be-stravinsky.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Igor Stravinsky ngo-1906 yaziqhatha kwiqhina lomtshato noKuzina Ekaterina I-Ikatina Ithonki. Uthando olukhulu lwaluncinci aluzange luyeke ubukho begazi lemveli, abantwana aba-4 bazalwa emtshatweni: amakhwenkwe uScovsatoslav kunye neFyodor kunye namantombazana uLyudmila noMilena. Oonyana babengamanani enkcubeko: i-Svyatoslav - umqambi we-therioso kunye nepiyano, iFyodor, umculi. I-biographmili ye-LULYSILA SMVAnskaya inomdla kuba sele engumlingane wePoet Yuri Mandelstam.
UCatherine wabandezeleka ukuba atyiwe, ngoko ke usapho lwaya eSwitzerland - umoya ophambili weSt. Petersburg akazange anike umfazi ukuba aphefumle. Ngo-1914, amasoyine amane awanakubuya kwiNtwasahlobo yeSwitzerland eRussia ngenxa yehlabathi lokuqala, emva koko ngenxa yenguqu. Ipropathi kunye nemali eyayihlala kwidolophu yabo, usapho lukhethiwe.
Igor ithathe le ntlekele isondele kwintliziyo yentliziyo: Ngaphandle kukaCatheney nabantwana, wagcina unina, udadewabo kunye nabatshana. ERussia, okuchasene nomthetho kwadalwa kwiinyanga zempumlo kuzo zonke iindawo, kwaye umqambi waphela ukuhlawula ilungelo lokushicilela lokwenza imisebenzi ngenxa yokufuduka. Ubuncinci ngandlela-thile bagcina usapho, i-stravinsky kwafuneka ivelise izinto ezintsha zeMisebenzi yakhe.
Iintsomi kunye namahemuhemu azizange zigqithe ubomi bomntu wase-Igor: Unikwe ubudlelwane bothando kunye ne-coco chal. Wadlulisela isandla sesandla sotywala ngeli xesha xa wayesele ngaphandle kwemali. Kwiminyaka emibini, igor yayihlala kwiVila yaseDedemoiselle, waxhasa iintetho zakhe, wondle kwaye enxibe intsapho yakhe.
Xa imeko yezixhobo zafunyanwa i-stravinsky, kwaye wayishiya indlu yenye iminyaka eli-13 iphela, le nyaniso ingaqhelekanga yayisiseko senoveli yomyili waseFrance kunye nomqambi waseRussia. Ngo-2009, i-filimu yefilimu "coco chal kunye negor Stravinsky" yakhululwa kolu lwalamano.
Ngo-1939, i-Ekaterina Stravinskaya ayizange ibe, ibe ngunyaka kamva, ifudukele eMelika, imvumi itshata okwesibini kukholo lukasompempe, umba othe cwaka. Ngokudibeneyo, i-vera kunye ne-Igor yaphila iminyaka engama-50 ubudala, izama ukwahlukaniswa umzuzu. Ngo-1962, isibini esitshatileyo satyelela ilizwe lemveli - eMoscow noLeningrad, intlanganiso yayiboniswa kumabonwakude.
Ukufa
Umqambi akazange asebenze nge-6 ku-Epreli ngo-1971, unobangela wokufa kukusilela kwentliziyo. Umfazi kaVera Arturovna wamngcwabela eVenice, kwinxalenye yaseRashiya ye-san yamangcwaba eSan-Michele, engakude nengcwaba le-Dyagilev. Emva kweminyaka eli-11, iqabane liya kungcwatywa ecaleni kwendoda yakhe.
Igama leStravinsky laliphindaphindeka: Wayenxibe isikolo somculo eOraniebaum, inqanawa yabakhenkethi kunye nenqwelomoya kunye ne-aeroflot ". Ukuhlonitshwa kweStravinsky eUkraine, uMnyhadala woMculo weHlabathi ubanjwe minyaka le.
I-discography
- Ngo-1906 - "Favn kunye neCowgirl"
- Ngo-1908 - "Scheric Schezo"
- I-1910 - iBallet "iFirebird"
- Ngo-1911-I-Ballet "parsley"
- Ngo-1913 - "ingcwele yentwasahlobo, ukupeyinta kweRussia yaseRussia kwi-2
- Ngo-1914 - i-fale "sloudy"
- Ngo-1918-Imbali ye-Fib "Imbali yejoni"
- Ngo-1920 - Ballet "Pulcinell"
- Ngo-1922-I-Opera Mavra
- Ngo-1923 - I-Choreographic "Umtshato"
- Ngo-1927 - I-Opera "I-King Dep"
- Ngo-1928 - iBallet "Apollo Musiagt"
- Ngo-1930 - "Symphony weeNdumiso"
- Ngo-1931 - "Ikhonsathi ye-violin D-Dur"
- Ngo-1942 - "Dementy Duston"
- Ngo-1954 - "Iingoma ezi-4 zaseRussia"
- Ngo-1963 - "Abraham noIsake"
- Ngo-1966 - "ii-chants zelanga"