Biography
Abazalwana Grimm - Iintsomi zaseJamani, iilwimi, ootata baseJamani impuku yaseJamani. Mhlawumbi kuya kuba nzima ukufumana umntu ongazange weva iintsomi zababhali abakhulu. Kodwa ukuba andivanga, ndibona ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngokwemifanekiso yemisebenzi yabazalwana iGrimm, ifilimu yeefilimu neekhathuni zasuswa, zahlangulwa kakhulu. Kwaye abanye oonobumba abangamafani abo baphelile kwaye kuwo onke amagama utyunjelwe - uCinderella, u-Rapunzel, ubuhle obulele.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJacob Grimm wazalwa nge-4 kaJanuwari, 1785, kunye nonyaka ukuya kwengama-24 kaFebruwari 1786 - uWilhelm Grimm wavela ehlabathini. Utata wabo uFilipu uWilhelm usebenza njengegqwetha kwiNkundla Elisindayo yesixeko saseKhana. Ngo-1791, wamiselwa kwisikhundla seNtloko ye-County Shyy, apho kwafuneka asuse usapho lwakhe lonke. Indoda isebenze iintsuku nobusuku, ngenxa yokudinwa kunye nokusebenza okungaphezulu, kubanda obuqhelekanga ukuba bube yinyumonia. Ngo-1796, wasweleka, wayeneminyaka engama-44 ubudala.
Ewe kunjalo, kuba le ntsapho ilukhuni iba yintlekele. UDorothea Grimm - Umama wabazalwana - wasala yedwa nabantwana abathandathu. Ngeli xesha, udadeboyise kaBawo - uScherlotte Schememer wafudukela kuwo, yayingulowo wanika uncedo kwintsapho kwaye wasindiswa ekugxothweni kwindlu.
Kodwa inkathazo yafika kwakhona - umkhondo ka-Aunt ngokungalindelekanga kancinci kwaye wasweleka ngequbuliso. UYakobi noWilhelm babengabantwana abadala, kwaye kwafuneka bathathe inxaxheba yedwa unina. Kodwa uDorothea wayeqonda ukuba amakhwenkwe alumkile kwaye enetalente, kwaye ekuphela kwento anokubanika yona yimfundo.
EKassel, udadewabo wahlala - uHenrietta uZimmer, ibhinqa lavuma ukwamkela umtshana wakhe owuthandayo, ukuze baqhubeke nezifundo zabo eLiceum yenqanaba eliphezulu. Kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, abafundi bafunda iminyaka engama-7-8. Kodwa abazalwana babebe basebenza nzima kwaye bephethe inzonzobila kangangokuba bakwazile ukuthobela izinto ezibonakalayo ngokukhawuleza kunokuphumla. Ke ngoko, bagqiba uLicem emva kweminyaka emine.
Esikolweni, amakhwenkwe afundisisa iSayensi yeNdalo, iJografi, i-geography, i-physics kunye nefilosofi, kodwa isiseko sokufundisa sasiyindlela yokuziphatha ngempumelelo kunye nembali. Ke kaloku, uYakobi wayebalula kunaye. Kungenzeka ukuba impilo yakhe entle yayinjalo. UWilhelm wafunyaniswa ene-asthma.
Ngo-1802, uYakobi wangena kwiDyunivesithi yaseMarburg kwigqwetha, kodwa uWilhelm wayenokuhlala ekunyango. Kunyaka olandelayo, uYakobi wathutho umzalwana eMarburg, kwaye wangena eyunivesithi. Kuyinyani, wayefuna ukujongwa rhoqo kwezonyango.
Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, abazalwana babethanda ukutsala, xa umfanekiso wawubona umninawa wabo uLudwig Emil, owayephefumlelwe yile shishini ukuba ikamva lakhe linxulunyaniswa nobugcisa begcisa, ukuba badume eJamani kunye nomculi.
Uncwadi
Abazalwana Grimm bebesoloko benomdla kuncwadi. Ngabo bonke, ngaphandle kwento yokuba baphumelele kwi-faculty yomthetho, imibongo yaseJamani yavuleka, apho kuvulwe unjingalwazi. Wahlala uWilhelm noWilhelm ukuze bafundwe amabali amadala kwithala leencwadi lakhe lasekhaya.
Yonke imisebenzi ye-Erimm yabazalwana babenxibelelene ngqo noncwadi lwaseJamani, iingxaki zobuchopho, beqhuba uphando. Iintsomi zefani-yinxalenye yomsebenzi omangalisayo, owenziwe ngabazalwana kwicandelo loncwadi kunye neelwimi.
Ngo-1808, uYakobi waya eParis ukuba ancede uProfasi uSavigni ukuba aqokelele izixhobo zomsebenzi wesayensi. UWilhelm wahlala eyunivesithi. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, babesondele kakhulu omnye komnye kangangokuba kweli xesha bekuvavanywa ngokungazange kubonwe kukulangazelwa okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili ngokwahlukana, njengoko kungqinwa yimbalelwano.
Ngo-1808 umama wabo wafa, kwaye zonke izinto ezixhalabisayo malunga nentsapho yerimm yawa emagxeni kaYakobi. Ukubuya kwakhe eFransi, wakhangela ixesha elide ngomsebenzi onesidima kwaye ekugqibeleni wazinza kwinqaba yeKassel, elawula ithala leencwadi lasebukhosini. UWilhelm uye waba mandundu imeko yempilo, kwaye umzalwana wamthumela kwindawo ekuchithwayo. Wayengenayo umsebenzi osisigxina ngelo xesha.
Ukubuya kukaWilhelm kunyango, abazalwana beza emsebenzini-uncwadi lwakudala lwaseJamani lwaqala ukuphonononga. Bakwazile ukuqokelela, ukuphinda baphinde baphinde balibhale iintsomi ezinkulu zabantu, ezidluliselwa ngomlomo wamakhulu eminyaka.
Abafazi abaninzi baseKassel bathathe inxaxheba ekudalweni komthamo wokuqala weentsomi. Umzekelo, ebumelwaneni egrimm, kwahlala isikhefu esityebileyo - uMnu waseMnumzana Wilde nenkosikazi yakhe nabantwana. I-Frau yasendle ikwazi ukuba linani elingenakubalwa ngamabali athelelwe ngovuyo uWilhelm. Ngamanye amaxesha intombi yakhe yangena kubo - Gretchen neDotkhen. Iya kudlula iminyaka emininzi, i-Dorkshen iya kuba ngumfazi kaWilhelm.
Uqoqosho lwaluhlala endlwini yabo - uMaria Muller. Ibhinqa elidala lanenkumbulo enkulu, kwaye wayeyazi amawaka amawaka eentsomi. UMaria waxelela aba bazalwana balibali malunga nobuhle obumangalisayo bokulala kunye nomnqwazi obomvu obomvu. Kodwa, ukukhumbula ezi ntsomi zefani, i-charras perra iza ngqiqweni kwangoko. Njengoko bekunzima, umbhali wokwenene unzima ukufumana iintsomi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ezi ngamabala aseYurophu yaseYurophu.
Ngamnye uqulathe, kubandakanya i-grimm, itolike la mabali ngendlela yakhe. Apha, umzekelo, itale ye-cinderella. Kwinguqulelo yemimangaliso ye-perra yentombazana yenza ukuba uwele. Kwaye abazalwana beGrimm ngumthi waseHazel kwingcwaba likanina. Emva kwexesha, i-cinema "amandongomane amathathu eCinderella" aya kufika.
Ngo-1812, kubomi bukaYakobi noWilhelm Grimm, impumelelo yokuqala yenzeka - bapapasha ingqokelela yeentsomi "zabantwana kunye neentsomi", apho kungeniswa khona imisebenzi eyi-100. Ngokukhawuleza ababhali baqala ukulungiselela incwadi yencwadi yesibini. Ibandakanya iintsomi ezininzi, ivile kwaye azingabo abazalwana ngokwabo, kunye nabahlobo babo. Njengangaphambili, ababhali balishiya ilungelo lokunika i-fales i-noxy yolwimi lwabo. Incwadi yabo yesibini yabona ukukhanya ngo-1815. Kuyinyani, iincwadi zazenziwa phantsi kwentembelo.
Inyani yile yokuba ezinye iintsomi zithathwa njengezingafanelekanga abantwana. Umzekelo, kwasuswa isiqwengana, apho uRaunzel akanamdla katitshala, kutheni le nto ingubo yayigutyungelwe sisisu sakhe esijikelezwe. Kwakumalunga nokukhulelwa kwakhe, kuza emva kweentlanganiso eziyimfihlo.
I-vasily andreevich zhukovsky yaba ngumguquleli wokuqala wentsomi yabantakwethumm nge-Read Readder.
Ngo-1819, abazalwana bakhupha "igrama yaseJamani". Lo msebenzi uye waba yimvakalelo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, wabhala malunga neminyaka engama-20-yayisiseko kanye kuzo zonke izifundo eziseJamani.
Kodwa nangona kunjalo, owona msebenzi uphambili wabazalwana 'yayingu "Jamanis Dictionary yaseJamani". Baqala ukusebenza kuyo ngo-1838. Yayingumsebenzi onzima node. Emva kweminyaka eli-100, uThomas Mann wabiza i "Dictionary" "" "" "", "" mphiloine. " Ngokuchasene negama, eyona nto yayisisichazi-magama sembali. Kuba ababhali babengenalo ixesha lokugqibezela umsebenzi kwisichazi-magama, ishishini labo laqhubeka ngezizukulwana ezilandelayo zePhilolofiki. Yiyo loo nto, kunokwenzeka ukuba ugqibezele umsebenzi nge-1960-iminyaka eli-120 emva kokuba iqale.
Ubomi Buqu
Indlu yasendle ye-vilda ye-vinda ye-vinda ye mpleda endlwini kaShermatist vidde yaqhelana nentombi yakhe. Ngelo xesha wayesele ephelile. Umahluko phakathi kwabo uneminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Kodwa, iqonga, abantu abancinci bafumana ulwimi oluqhelekileyo. Wamxhasa kuzo zonke izinto ezenzaka, ngokuba yeye ngokuba nguMhlobo. Ngo-1825, esi sibini satshata.
Kungekudala le ntombazana yakhulelwa. Ngo-1826, uDortkhen wazala inkwenkwana, eyabizwa ngokuba nguYakobi, noJacob Sor yaba nguthixo wakhe. Kodwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, umntwana wabulawa nguJaundi. NgoJanuwari 1828, amaqabane azalwe unyana wesibini - iHerman. Emva kwexesha wakhetha umsebenzi wembali yobugcisa.
Kodwa uYakobi Grimm wahlala eyibhafa, indoda eyahlulela ubomi bakhe ukuze isebenze kunye nosapho lomntakwabo.
Ukufa
NgoDisemba 16, 1859, uWilhelm Grimm wasweleka. Isifo esibulalayo sabakho ngenxa ye-furcle emqolo. Wayengenayo impilo eyomeleleyo kungekudala, kodwa akukho mntu wayelindele isiphumo esibuhlungu ngeli xesha. Yonke imihla, uWilhelm wayesiba mbi. Umsebenzi awuzange uncede. Indoda ivukile ubushushu. Ukubandezeleka kwakhe kuyekiswa ekukhubazekeni kwemiphunga kwiiveki ezimbini. UYakobi waqhubeka ehlala noWilhelm nakwiminana.
Kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, umbhali wasebenza kwisichazi-magama. ILizwi lokugqibela awalibhala yayiligama elithi "Frucht" (iziqhamo). Indoda yaba mbi kwidesika. UJacob wasweleka kwi-strooke ngo-Septemba 20, 1863.
Iintsomi zaziwa kwihlabathi liphela lingcwatywe kumangcwaba aseSt. UMateyu eBerlin.
I-Bibliography
- "I-Wolf kunye neebhokhwe ezisixhenxe"
- "Hankel noGretel"
- "Into yokuqabela encinci"
- "Cinderella"
- "Ikhephu elimhlophe kunye nee-esindul 'ezisixhenxe"
- "Nksk. Melterteta"
- "Smart Elsa"
- "Racanzel"
- "I-King Drozdoborode"
- "I-porridge emnandi"
- "Iimvumi zedolophu yaseBremen"
- "Isibindi somthi"
- "Hare kunye ne-hedge"
- "Golden Goose"
- "Ubuhle bolele"