Biography
I-biography ye-biegy ye-biegy yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu, uMary Stewart, uhlengahlengisa ngokuzonwabisa ukuba wayekhonza njengesizathu sokuphefumlelwa kunye neembongi zehlabathi. Ke ngoko, abantu, kude nokufunda imbali yehlabathi, ubuncinci beva kakhulu ngobomi kunye nedrama yokumkanikazi.
Isiphelo sikaMariya omncinci sayalela ukuba phantse ngokuzalwa, wayenzelwe ukuba ngukumkanikazi waseScotland. Utata, oqhuba ilizwe xa kuvela urhulumente wexesha elizayo, wafa ngequbuliso xa umntwana engafezekanga kwaye iveki. Inkosi ayizange iphile kokuhlulwa komkhosi wokudibana ne-England nokufa koonyana bobabini ababehlala bebeindlalifa zokugqibela.
Emva kokubhubha komkani, umzabalazo wokuhlaziya umntwana usenzeka. Lo mzabalazo ubonakalisa imeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe, olwalutshabalalisa ngokwakhe baba bubomi ukumkanikazi omncinci. Irente yayinguJames Hamilton - Esona sihlobo sisondeleyo seStuarts, exhasa impembelelo yeNgilani, ngaphandle kwemfazwe yamazwe amabini. Umama wentombazana yaseMaria de Giz, ngokuchaseneyo, uxhase i-Commonwealth yeScotland neFrance.
Ukholo lwexesha elizayo lukaMaria Stewart ngendlalifa yelinye lala mazwe aphikisayo yayingumsebenzi wobuchule bendawo yamacala. Xa ndandineminyaka emihlanu, ukumkanikazi oselula wathunyelwa eFransi, kwiNkundla kaHeinrich II, ukumkani kunye nentombazana yasemkhwe kaYehova.
E-France, uMaria wachitha iminyaka emangalisayo, efumene imfundo eqaqambileyo, enomdla wokwenene wokubongoza kunye nembeko. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu, uMaria waziwa ngendoda yakhe yokuqala, indlalifa eya eFrance - uFrancis.
Ukulwa itrone
UFrancis wenzakalise kakhulu kwaye ubuthathaka impilo. Kwiminyaka emibini emva komtshato, ubomi bomfana banqunyulwa. UMaria Media weza kumandla eFrance, kwaye ukumkanikazi waseScotland wabuya waya kwindawo yaseMamani, apho wavuswa ngunina womama kaMariya, kwaye kuvuswa iprovuti yamaProtestanti.
Intendelezo, eyahlulelene, njengeScotland, iinkampu ezimbini - amaProtestanti kunye neKatolika, azamile ukuvuyela ukumkanikazi kwelinye lamaqela. Ngaphandle kokunqongophala kwamava, uMaria Stewart akhethe uMgaqo-nkqubo oKhethekileyo kunye noKhathalelo oluKhawulezayo. Akazange abuphelise amaProtestanti, avunywe lixesha inkolo ye-State State, kodwa engaphelelanga ukunxibelelana neRoma yamaKatolika. Iinkonzo zamaKatolika ziyaqhubeka ukubanjwa kwintendelezo.
Ukufumana amandla kwaye womelezwe kwitrone yaseScotland, ukumkanikazi wafumana uxolo nozinzo kweli lizwe, nangona intiyo kaElizabhete I, umnini wetrone yesiNgesi, wagcinwa. UElizabhete wathathwa njengelifa ngokungekho mthethweni, kwaye uMaria Stewart, ngokweenkonzo, wayenamalungelo amaninzi kwitrone. Kuphela kwingxabano evulekileyo yeScotland ayizange isonjululwe.
Ubomi Buqu
Omncinci, mhle, umtsalane kwaye uKumkanikazi uMaria wafunda ngamadoda. Umfazi wathanda umdla wajikeleza iindlalifa nookumkani. Kodwa ubomi boMonarch bungaphantsi kunye nemidla yoRhulumente kwaye bunxibelelene ngokudibeneyo nembali yelizwe. Umtshato wothando awusoloko unokubakho kwaye ugwetyelwe ukumkanikazi.
Umtshato wathathwa njengento ethengiswa ngenzuzo kunye nokuqala kweManyano kunye nenkxaso yoRhulumente. Emva kokusweleka kukaFrancis, umbuzo womtshato uMariya uStewart wavela ngomtshato. UElizabeth njengomcelimlinge esandleni kwaye intliziyo yompandla inike i-Robert Dudlert Dudley. I-batch enjalo yabangela ukuba nomsindo kaMariya. Ukumkanikazi akakwazanga ukukhetha uluphumelo lweNkosikazi.
Ngo-1565, umzala weKumkanikazi uHeinrich uStewart ufika eScotland, enkosi. Umtsalane ngaphandle, umfana ongenamntu kwaye ophakamileyo watsala ingqalelo kaMariya kwaye wambetha kwangoko intliziyo yakhe. Kwakuloo nyaka, oyena mtshato uselula owayengunobangela wokungoneliseki kweeKumkanikazi zesiNgesi kunye namaProtestanti baseScotland. Iinkokeli ezizezifiso ezizezisiko zenkundla yasebukhosini zimenza iyelenqe kwaye zazama ukukhulisa uqhankqalazo, olwakwazi ukubeka uxinzelelo, ukubeka imigudu eqaqambileyo.
Umyeni osandul 'waphoxeka ngokukhawuleza ukumkanikazi, ukuba angabizi, akakulungele ukuvavanya itrone yendoda. Urhulumente waphola kwiqabane, nangona wayeyinxalenye yokungoneliseki eyadini kunye nokuzalwa ngokukhawuleza kwendlalifa ngokukhawuleza. Ngenkxaso ye-darnley, walungiselela iyelenqe, kwaye phambi kwabakhulelwe uMaria Stewart wabulawa ngumhlobo wakhe osondeleyo kunye nonobhala wabantu uDavid Riric.
Ukuya kubuqhetseba, ukumkanikazi waxolelanisa esidlangalaleni nomyeni wakhe kunye nabaxhasi bakhe, besenza isahlulo sahlulahlulo lokufihlakeleyo. Xa imikhosi yembambano yomile, uMaria wajongisisa ii-Aristocrats ezingavumelani.
Intliziyo yokumkanikazi inikwa enye indoda, uYakobi we-hepbern, kwaye iqabane liphazamisa kuphela. Ngeemeko ezingaqondakaliyo ngo-1567, uDarnley ubulala kwi-pohurbs yase-Edinburgh. Indawo yokuhlala apho inkosi imisiwe kuyo yayivuthuza. Ukubandakanyeka kukaMary kwiziganeko akuzange kungqinwe. Ababhali-mbali balahlekile ekuqikeleleni ukubandakanyeka ngqo ekubulaweni komfazi ongenamsebenzi.
Hayi kuzo zonke iintloni, ngo-1567, ukhokelwe ngokukodwa yintsimi yentliziyo, uMaria utshatile kwi-pitata. Lo mThetho ekugqibeleni uyixhasa inkxaso yakhe yentendelezo yakhe.
AmaProtestanti engeyiyo, edidekile ngexesha elifutshane anokubangela imvukelo kwaye anyanzele ukumkanikazi ukuba ayeke itrone yam, irentelo apho i-protest) yonyulo. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uMaria uququzeleli ukubaleka ukubaleka elizweni, ukhathazeka ngobomi babathandekayo.
UKumkanikazi owayebhukuqwe wavalelwa kwinqaba yaseLohallen, apho, ngamarhe, wazala ngasese. Akwaziwa, abantwana basinde okanye bazalwa befile, kodwa kwimbali yaseScotland amagama abo bengakhankanywa. Ukuhenda umphathi, uMaria wabaleka ngenxa ejelennment, waya eNgilani, ngethemba lokuxhasa uElizabhete.
Ukufa
Ukumkanikazi waseNgilani, uMaria Stewart wayesoloko eyimbangi engafunekiyo kunye nesigameko soBukumkani. I-Naive Scotland ayiqondanga ukuba ngubani ukuthintela uElizabhete, kwaye akayiboni indlela eya kuhamba ngayo umfazi waseRussia, owayengenalo iindlalifa okanye ubomi bobuqu. Ukuzama ukutsala ixesha, uElizabhete wajoyina umzala ngembalelwano, engavumi ukuhlangana.
EMariya babeka ibanjwa lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye namadoda, ke imeko yalo mfazi kwafuneka ithathe isigqibo malunga noontanga baseSiNgesi. Umtsalane wentsimbi uze udlale indima, yathandana nayo kwaye yayikulungele ukutshata nosihlalo wolwaphulo-mthetho kwiKhomishini ngokwayo.
Ekugqibeleni, umonde kaElizabhete wasondela esiphelweni. UMaria waba lixhoba lobuqili. Uxwebhu lwalukhohliswa, iScotland iyalelwa ukuba bambulale uElizabhete. UKumkanikazi wesiNgesi usayine i-odolo yokuphunyezwa kukaMary Stewart.
Ikratshi nge-Scotland yacela ukufela. Ngomhla wokunyuka kwesakhiwo, wangena kwingubo ebomvu kwaye ngentloko ekhulelweyo aya kumphathi. Ukuzimisela nenkalipho yeli bhinqa kuvakalisa bonke abo bakhoyo, kwanomsitho. Kuzo zonke, uMaria wachaza ukuba ixolela wonke umntu, kwaye imbe intloko kwiwele.
Ukubhukuqwa kunye nokudinwa yinkosikazi enqwenelekayo ukuba ingcwatywe eFransi. Umnqophiso wokugqibela kaMariya akazange azaliseke, ukungcwaba amasanga aseNgilani. Unyana kaMariya Yukov, waba sisingqengqelo kunye nokumkani waseNgilani ngo-1603, wayalela ukuba adlulisele uthuli lwamakhwenkwe ukuya e-Westminster Abbey.
Imemori
Ezo zinto ziqaqambileyo nezimangalisayo, ubugebenga obugcweleyo, ubuqili kunye nothando, abanakuba ngababhali beembongi kunye neembongi. Imbali yobomi bomkanikazi yachazwa nguFredrich Schiller, iStefan Cyeig, uJoseph Bhuffky wanikezela ngentlekele kwintlekele yomjikelo wemibongo. "
Umfanekiso weNkosikazi ubonakalisiwe kwiMidlalo nakwiifilimu. Olona phawu ludumileyo "uBukumkani" lubalisa ngebhayiloji yokumkanikazi oselula nokufika etroneni.
Mhlawumbi, akukho namnye kwaba bakhona beenkosi onikele ingqalelo kubugcisa kunye noncwadi, i-mary stewart, iqhina kunye nentlekele yobomi ababezama ukuyityhila ababhali behlabathi.
Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwimovie kumfanekiso we-kujiki
- I-Catherine Hepbrun kwifilimu "uMary Scotland" (1936)
- I-Ing Keller kwi-Telefilm "Maria Stewart" (1959)
- I-Vanessa ihlaziyiwe kwifilimu "Maria - uKumkanikazi waseScotland" (1971)
- Imbongi yaseCeeple kwifilimu "I-DORCICICTION YOKUXHASA" (2004)
- I-charlotte ophumeleleyo kwi-Mini TV ye-Mini TV "kwiKumkanikazi-yintombi" (2005)
- I-Barbara Flynn kwi-mini-ries "Elizabeth i" (2005)
- U-Samantha Porn kwifilimu "IGolden Age" (2007)
- I-Adelaide Kane kwiTrinta yeTV "(yobukumkani" (2013)
- I-Camilla Ponerford kwifilimu "Maria - uKumkanikazi waseScotland" (2013)
- I-Sirssha Ronan kwifilimu "Maria - ukumkanikazi waseScotland" (2018)