Biography
Umbhali waseMelika ofumene udumo lwembali ekhuthazayo ye-erotic scenes kunye neziphene ze-autobiographical. Ingxaki ye-biography kaHenry Miller yikhonkco elixhaphakileyo yolwalamano lothando kunye nothando lombhali oluboniswe kulo msebenzi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwintsapho yabafundela abafuduki baseJamani eNew York nge-26 kaDisemba ngoDisemba 26, 1891, uNyana wazalwa, amaqabane afowunelwa, uHenry. Kungekudala emva koko, intsapho yafudukela eBrooklyn, kwaye inkwenkwe ikhule kwizitrato ezinemibala ezizele ngabantu abadumileyo.
Intloko yentsapho yayinesitudiyo ekuthulweni kwengubo yamadoda, kwaye kwi-Miller ayidingi. Ukongeza eHenry, intombi yakhe yayinentombi yeLoretta, ukubandezeleka kwasesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Emva kokubhubha kwabazali, umntakwabo oqolileyo wakhathalela intsalela yobomi.
Ukususela ebuntwaneni, umbhali wexesha elizayo wayenayo italente yokutsala abantu kwaye aqale ngobuhlobo kunye nezinto zobuntu. Unobuhlobo, vula kwaye unomtsalane - ngokuqhubekayo waba ngumphefumlo wenkampani. Iproses eqaqambileyo kwixa elizayo, inkwenkwe sele ivile ukulunga ngokuba ngumntwana.
Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngo-1990, umfana omncinci wangena kwiKholeji yoMasipala yeNew York. Uqeqesho luthathe iinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle kweendlela zokufundisa eziqinileyo, uMiller waphosa igranticial yesayensi. Akazange afumane ubizo kunye nokuqhubeka kwetyala lokuthunga lukaYise.
Kwaye kungekudala, umnqweneli we-adventure waya eNew York, apho wahlala khona kwindawo yokuqala yomsebenzi kwinkampani ye "Atlasland Portland". Umfana onesifo somtshato wathandana nomfazi ongaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15. Emva kwexesha, umbhali uyavuma ukuba umahluko ocinezelweyo. Kungekudala, umfana ongenakuhlawulelwayo wasinda kwintanda yaseCalifornia, apho wayesebenza khona kunye nendawo eqokelelweyo.
Eli xesha liya kuba le jenry ukuzikhangela kunye nobomi. Uluhlu lweendawo zomsebenzi kunye nezikhundla awayezama ngazo imikhosi yakhe yavela ukuba ichukumiseke kakhulu kwaye iguquguqukayo - ukusuka kumyali wezemidlalo kwiGoweli.
Emva kwentetho, i-Emma Goldman, eyayityelele i-henry eCalifornia, ihlabathi elitsha leKropotkin kunye ne-Nietzsche Phirelophy ivula. Ngokuthe ngcembe uphosa uMngameli kwinto yokuba eneminyaka engama-25 ubudala, umfana ugqiba kwelokuba abe ngumbhali, ngaphandle kokungena kumava ngelo xesha.
Uncwadi
Imisebenzi yombhali yaba yinto eqhekezayo yoncwadi kuncwadi lwexesha lemfazwe. Iincwadi zombhali weminyaka ubudala zavalwa, uBenson yayiyi-lyutoval yazisola. Abatshutshisi abakhange babeka emngciphekweni kakhulu kwaye ngaphandle kokunamathela ekuthetheni ngothando, iziyolo zenyama nokuzikhangela. Abagxeki babonwa kwiinoveli ze-miller kuphela eCyrkhu kunye nemvume.
Okwangoku, iincwadi zikaMiller - i-Autobiographical kwaye inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobomi bakhe bokujonga kunye namava. Ifilosofintle kunye nobuchule bokuqonda, imizobo emihle yezixeko - le yinto eyahlula imisebenzi yombhali waseMelika. Ukoyisa iinkqubo zomthetho kwaye kwavela ezitolini zevenkile yeencwadi, iinoveli zifumene ukuthandwa okungathethekiyo kwaye ziprintwe zizigidi zeekopi.
I-Trilogy edumileyo yayingumjikelo weenoveli ezintathu - "i-tropic ye-tropic", "iCapricorn Tropic" kunye "emnyama". Iincwadi zityhila amaxesha obomi kwaye iba ngumbhali. Ke, kwi "Trunk yomhlaza" kuyabamba malunga ne-LED kwintsapho yaseBrooklyn, ayiphumelelanga ukubamkela ubomi obuhle.
Iphupha lakhe lalibhala incwadi. Izilwanyana ngokwemvelo zingena kwigorha elinomnqweno wobuhle nangokomoya. Ukuqhubeka kunye nophuhliso Umbono wegorha edibanisa izinto ezingahambelaniyo ifumaneka kwi "Cacricorn R tropic".
Inxalenye yokugqibela ye-trilogy ihlukile kubangaphezulu kwaye iqalile. Le yinoveli malunga nesizungu kwaye malunga nemizamo engeyonto yokubaleka kuyo. Icebo lizaliswe lusizi kunye nentanda-bulumko yombhali.
Nangona kunjalo, owona msebenzi unexhala otyhafileyo uMiller ubizwa ngokuba yinoveli "phantsi kophahla lweParis". Nge-indeny, umbhali uchaza ubusuku bedolophu yaseFrance 30s, kunye nazo zonke iinkcukacha zenkululeko yothando kwisingqisho se-swing. Incwadi ibizwa ngokuba yiNortan Maler Best Erotic Romast.
Ukutshona kwelanga, uMinqar ushiya umsebenzi wokubhala kwaye uzinike ukupeyinta. Imisebenzi yeMvukelo yaseMelika yenziwa ngamanzi kuphela kwaye ixabisa amawaka eedola. Ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, uMdali wayengathengi, kodwa wanika wonke umntu wonke umntu.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando, olwenziweyo, lungamangalisi ukuba iinoveli zisekwe kwicebo lobomi lombhali, baphuma baqaqambe. Imbali egcweleyo yolwalamano lukaMiller kunye nabafazi bazele ziipeyinti zenkcazo yothando kunye nenkanuko yamagorha eenoveli.
Umtshato wokuqala wokuqala ugqitywa ngumfana ngo-1917. I-piansist ye-piarist enyuliweyo evela eBrooklyn - iBeatris Silvas veki. Kule mtshato, umntwana wokuqala wombhali-uBarbara wavela. Intsapho yayingabekwalelwanga ebomini.
Ngo-1924, uMiller dibana noJun Edith Smith, owaba ngumfazi wesibini kuphela, kodwa nebhinqa elaliguqula ngokupheleleyo iHenry kunye neMyuziyam esele ubomi bakhe bonke. YayinguJun owanyanzelisa ukuba iqabane linyanzelekile ukuba liphume emsebenzini kwaye lizinikele kubuchule. Umthwalo wokwenza imali yawela kumagxa akhe. Nangona kunjalo, kwizemali, iMiller ayizange yomelele.
UJun wahlala eyinkxaso yolwalamano lwasimahla. Ngo-1926 wayenenoveli enesaqhwithi kunye noGin Kronski, ohleli kunye namaqabane. UHenry wayenekhwele kwaye engayinyamezeli inkosikazi yakhe, kodwa wanyanzelwa ukuba anyamezele ubukho bakhe. Emva koko, fan fan yenkosikazi yakhe i-CHISHIPY INDAWO YOKUFUNDA, ekholelwa ukuba uMbhali weMisebenzi nguJun.
Ngo-1930, uJun uthumela iqabane lakhe eParis, ekholelwa ukuba ikhona indawo efanelekileyo yokuphuhliswa kobuchule, kwaye iMelika ithembisa italente yombhali. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala umbhali eJeeps kwi-joni yakhe, emva koko ebomini buka-Aais engaqondakaliyo ivela. Ibhinqa elingaqhelekanga, elingapheliyo labonisa umdla umbhali. UAsais wavelisa impembelelo enomtsalane kumadoda - intundi yokuqaqamba, ubukrelekrele nobugqwirha abuzange bashiye ukungabi namdla.
Kodwa uMeller akazange alibale ngoJuni. Wade wazisa abafazi ababini xa uSmith wamtyelela eParis. Ukusuka kule ntlanganiso kwakufanelekile ukuba lilindele kakhulu, kodwa kungekuphela kwento eyenzekileyo. U-Jun Anais onomdla, wamngela, kodwa akazange abe sikufutshane. Oku kwabhalwa ngokungagungqiyo yi-hin kwidayari, efumene udumo lwehlabathi. Ngo-1934, uJun wabuza iqabane ngoqhawulo-mtshato, kodwa uhlala entliziyweni yakhe. Ikamva lisasaze i-henry kunye ne-anais. Ukuba linenekazi elitshatileyo, umfazi wemka uParis.
Emva kwemfazwe, uHenry akazithandi ngaphandle kothando atshatele ibhinqa eliselula uJanine Lepsk, onike iqabane labantwana ababini. Emva kwexesha, iqabane liya kumshiya umyeni wakhe, limshiya nabantwana. Ngendlela, uMiller uza kuba nguyise onothando nonenkathalo, ukulungele ukuzinikela kubantwana.
Umfazi olandelayo wayengumphafu wetalente yombhali uEva Mclur. UHenry akazange adide umahluko kwiminyaka engapheliyo iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Ukuqokelela kumnyhadala wefilimu eCanes, umbhali wacela ukuba umfazi wakhe athabathe omnye umfazi. Akayithethanga ngaphandle, kodwa wangeniswa.
Inenekazi lokugqibela lentliziyo kunye nenkosikazi yakhe yombhali baba yi-hoky yaseJapan. UMiller wabona imvumi kwiinduli zeBever, xa yayingaphelanga iminyaka engama-30. UHenry weza kuyo yonke intsebenzo, ngokunyamezela, eshukumayo. Kwaye iHoki nayo yaliwe. Kodwa ekugqibeleni uMiller waphula inkcaso yabantana wolula.
Umtshato uthathe iminyaka eli-11. Njengoko kwabelwana ngakwe kwaso i-hoki, ubudlelwane ahlala busenzeka, kodwa banika amaqabane-ukuqondwa ngakumbi, ukuthembana kunye nenkxaso. Intombazana ayiqhelananga nomsebenzi wendoda edumileyo. Ngokutsho kweJapan, akazange avule i-novelry enye. Ping pong pong pong.
Ukhetho lwakutsha nje lwe-prosariya onothando lwahlala luyiNdawo yoMbhalo oselula. Intombazana yayithathelwa ingqalelo ngumgcini we-novice. Ngaphandle kokubetha i-seminar yeMiller, uphawu luthume ileta kwi-lekrara ngokufaka iifoto. I-connoisseur yobugqwetha yababhinqileyo yaphendula kwangoko le ntombazana, kwaye inovel yenyuka. Ngapha koko, ubudlelwane bunqunyelwe kwimbalelwano kwaye bunxibe i-platonic. Iileta ezili-1500 ezithunyelwe nguMsitho wokugqibela kaMiller, opapashiweyo kamva.
Ukufa
UHenry Miller wayehlala abafazi abapheleleyo, inkanuko kunye nobomi bothando.
Ukutshona kwelanga, umbhali wadibana no-Ana ning. Ngo-1976, umhlobo kunye nethamsanqa kunye nokufikisa ithandekayo baya kumfazi ofayo kwiwadi. U-Ning wambulala uHenry utyelelo, kodwa waphendula ngelithi, wayengenguye undwendwe, kodwa isigulana. Ngo-1977, i-ning ayizange.
Kwaye nge-7 kaJuni, 1980, eneminyaka engama-88 ubudala, umbhali ongumbhali we-antamologue we-antimoooogist yesizukulwana esithuleyo ngokuzola i-Ugos Palistade yaseCalifornia.
Imisebenzi yombhali isaqhubeka ukupapashwa kwihlabathi liphela, ifilimu iyakhusela ukuthatha inxaxheba kweenkwenkwezi ze-movie.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1934 - "UCropiki weTropiki"
- Ngo-1936 - "intwasahlobo"
- Ngo-1939 - "I-Tropic Capricorn"
- Ngo-1941 - "phantsi kophahla lweParis"
- Ngo-1941 - "Ubulumko Bentliziyo '
- Ngo-1949 - "sebss"
- Ngo-1953 - "Plexus"
- Ngo-1960 - "Nexus"