Biography
Umbhali waseBritane uBarbara Carmartland ubizwa ngokuba "ngumzi-mveliso wothando" kunye "nokumkanikazi weRoma". Wayehlala ngaphandle kwenkulungwane encinci kwaye wanika abalandeli bothando Proce 723 imisebenzi yeGuinness yeGuinness njengoyena mbhali ubalaseleyo weBritani nenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kwenye iminyaka wadala iinoveli ezingama-20-26. Emva kokufa kombhali kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, malunga namakhulu emibhalo-gca eenoveli ezingeyomfuneko.
Ngokutsho kwe-UNESCO, iKhadi leLizwe yenye yababhali abaguqulelwe rhoqo kwaye bathatha indawo eyi-7 kuluhlu. Ukusasazwa ngokupheleleyo kweencwadi ze-noovists zingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-750 ikopi. Imibhalo yayo iguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezingama-36.
Ukongeza kwiprosesi yothando, iBriton yenze ukuqulunqwa komzobo, iincwadi ezishicilelweyo zokupapasha ngokuziphatha kwendlu kunye nendlela yokuphila esempilweni, yabhala i-biography yabantu ababephila ngexesha.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Unoveliso oluzayo wazalwa ngo-1901 eBirmingham kwintsapho ekhuselekileyo ye-Berran Cartland noMary Hamilton Kranel. I-Barbara - Umntwana wokuqala wamakhadi. Emva kwakhe, kwavela nyana.
Idyyll yosapho yatshabalalisa iMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Utat'omkhulu wawushiya ubomi: ishishini lakhe elenziwe ngamashumi eminyaka yayikukrwada. Indoda ayizange iphile i-callqctus kwaye ityebe. Ngo-1918, intloko yentsapho yafa kwidabi ledabi eFlander. Umhlolokazi onabantwana bafudukela eLondon, apho wavula khona impahla yokunxiba egqityiweyo.
Ngo-1920, le ntombazana yafumana umsebenzi njengephephandaba "i-day telegraph". Imfundo, imvelaphi kunye nembonakalo eqaqambileyo yavula iingcango zeBarbara Solon, kunye nepeni enkulu kunye nolwazi lobomi babameli boluntu oluphakathi: Ikhadi lekhadi elikhokelwa kukukhokelela kwikholamu ye-Gossip.
Kwiphephandaba, le nenenekazi latsala ubuchule kunye nesitayile, kwaye kwiiSans zeBritane Elite yafunda isimilo kwaye wayezivile iiplani, emva kokuba eza kwenziwa ziincwadi zokubhala.
Uncwadi
Akazange acinge ngodumo lombhali wombhali: inoveli yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuba "yabona, ukudanisa ijini,", uBarbara wabhala, exoxa nomntakwabo. I-Pebut iguqukele i-Deensing: isincoko esithandwayo sithandwa. Emva kwexesha, abagxeki babizwa ngokuba yinoveli eyona nto ilungileyo kwilifa leBritane. Kwakuloo nyaka, i-Barbara Carchland ifikelele kwiNcwadi yesibini - "Puzle", iFrank ngelo xesha. Kwaye kwakhona umfundi ofudumeleyo.
Umbhali akabanga kwi-lavra yeClasisics yaseBritani kwaye wayenethemba lokuba abaphulaphuli abathile abathile: Abathandi beendoda kunye namantombazana, abafazi basekhaya ababephupha uthando olukhulu nolucocekileyo. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, iKhadi leKhadi elisetyenzisiweyo ekubhaleni le ncwadi ingabi ngaphezu kweeveki ezimbini, kwaye kwincopho yokubhala umsebenzi-1950-60-
Ukususela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1930s, uBarbara wakhupha uthotho lweenoveli, lawo ngamagorha akhe yayingamakhonkxwa emngxunyeni. Jikelele wombhali we-heroine kukucoceka ngokuziphatha. Inenekazi eliselula elincinci lafaka umngeni nyulu kunye neemvakalelo eziphakamileyo. Ukwabelana ngesondo akukho kwangethuba kwamaphepha ali-118, njengoko amakhadi e-Kiddria.
Ubuhle obukhulu kunye nomntu wakhe okhethiweyo afumana imvakalelo eyomeleleyo, kodwa enyanzelekile ukuba aboyise imiqobo neebhokhwe ezingafanelekanga zeentshaba ukuba baphinde baphinde. I-Bonds zomtshato ivela kuphela kumjikelo wokugqibela. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, i-novelist kwakufuneka inikezele kwimitha yexesha kwaye ingenze imvume kwinkululeko yenkulungwane entsha, kodwa ayizange ibe yimisebenzi engendawo. Embindini womsebenzi wokudala, iinoveli zembali ziye zavela eBarbara Cardland.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi esebenzisa abafundi abaninzi abanomdla, iinoveli "zomtshato" kunye "nesipho sekamva".
Kwicebo lencwadi yokuqala, ekuqaleni "umtshakazi ongalindelekanga", owapapashwa, ucacisa ikholamu ephumelele kwikhadi. Ngendleko zokuwina, inkosi ehlwempuzekileyo iyavuma ukutshata igrafu yentombi entle. Kodwa umdlali owonwabileyo akafumani mncinci, kwaye udade okhulileyo - uLucinda, akamhle, kodwa elumkile kwaye ethandabuza. Igrafu ye-Geedan ayithandi ngokukhawuleza intombazana, kodwa xa engena kwinethiwekhi yayo, ifumana isimangalo esingalindelekanga.
Isipho "secebo lesipho" libonisa eyangaphambili. I-Viscount, ubuhle obukhohlisayo obukhohlisayo, ukufunga ukutshata nentombazana yokuqala ezayo. Kwiqela labasebenzi elinomsindo elindele "isipho sekamva" - umthubi oselula wehlisa ubuhle bakhe: intombazana yasinda kubazali abakhohlakeleyo. I-Viscount Mtshato kwaye ifumana izinto ezininzi ezothusayo.
Ngo-1973, iBarbara Careland yazisa abafundi incwadi ebizwa ngokuba "yi-charis marquis". I-fuirling furling furling vering plan isuka kwiphepha lokuqala kwaye igcina uxinzelelo kwiyokugqibela. Ngo-1984, umthandi weeplots zentsomi ufumana isimanga esitsha - ukwakhiwa ko "mtshakazi ungaqhelekanga".
Owona mlinganiswa uphambili ngubomi bobomi i-Arquis Falcon, ezindlebeni zetyala. Ukulahleka, kuthatha intombi yegrafu etyebileyo ye-pronborough. Kodwa ukuphefumla kwexeshana kuzisa isimanga, endaweni yeMirabel, kunye ne-dowry enkulu, iFalcon ifumana udadewabo omncinci uElmana, ngaphandle kwemali. Kodwa uzisa uyolo kwiMarquis.
Abagxeki boncwadi abazange bakhalaze iBarbara Cartland. I-novelist yahlatywa ngenxa yokuziva kakhulu, iGrantsonia kunye neeplani ezingasentla. Iminyaka eli-10 emva kokubulawa kweKhadiland eNgilane, umbhali wombhali weenoveli zothando kunye nabacuphi i-Georgette Heeer, uyamtyhola iqabane lakhe kwimbali yembali.
Ixesha lokufunda olunzulu ngembali yeBarbara Cartland - "umzi-mveliso wothando" - awuzange. I-novelist yaguquka yaba yimoto ngokwenza imali. Uninzi lotywina lusebenza kuyo, kwaye unyana wokukhwaza ezincwadini kwimbali yolwazi olufunwa ngumama ukuba ubhale iinoveli kunye "ne-dive" kwiVictoria.
Iincwadi eziBritine zikhuselwe. Ngo-1990s, melodrama "Ghost kwiMonte Carlo" kunye "neNenekayithi" baphuma. Kwifilimu yokugqibela ifilimu ye-Hugh, uOliver Reed kunye ne-EMMAMS IMSMS.
Ikhadi le-Barbara liziwa kuphela ziinoveli zothando. Ungumbhali 5 I-Autobiographies, iincwadi ezilishumi elinambini zeendlela zokupheka kunye neengcebiso malunga ne-Etiquette, iNkcubeko yokutya, indima yabasetyhini kwimbali kunye ne-heltiofical inyanga.
Emdeni we-1970s, iKhadi lenza amaFaco lenze iintshaba ezimangalisayo: Yanika iplate yeengoma ezihamba kunye ne-Royal Orchestra.
Ngo-1988, uJacques Chirak ngokuzukisa iBritish ilungiselele iholide eParis kunye nomlilo. I-French inike umbhali ngembasa yegolide yeParis yokukhuthaza umthetho, enkosi apho abantwana abahamba khona abaya esikolweni. Ngoncedo lweBarbara Cartland kwidolophu enkulu yaseFrance, kwavela indawo yokuhlala yeGypsy, egama linguBarbavil.
Ikhadi lendlela yaseKhadiland elithandwayo, ephakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980 yafumana ubhishophu wawo. UBarbara wandise imida yokusetyenziswa kwenqwelomoya, ethi nge-1920-30s yayisetyenziswa kuphela kumgama omfutshane. Ngo-1931, ibhinqa lakha i-glider, elakha iikhilomitha ezingama-200 ngenqwelomoya. Amava ayeluncedo kwiminyaka yeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, eyakhwela abantakwenu abancinci abasuka kwiCartland.
Kwangoko, inkokeli yentengiso yaseRoma Karland yayiseFrance, iRussia yapapashwa namhlanje. Inyanga nenyanga kweli lizwe zikho iincwadi ezingama-3-4 zeBarbara.
Ubomi Buqu
I-nolist yayitshatile kabini. Iqabane lokuqala yayiligosa uAlexander Mctool. Umtshato wenzeka ngo-1927, kwaye, ngokutsho kweBarbara, wathanda ngokwenene umyeni wakhe. Phakathiwe phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1930 wazala intombi, eyayinikwe iRhine igama. Umtshato uvaliwe kumthungo kwaye uwile ngo-1936. UAlexander wasela kwaye watshintsha iqabane lakhe, ngelixa wammangalela kwi-chassis kunye nomzala weHusin.
Emva koqhawulo-mtshato Barbara, i-Carthland itshatile eHugh yaza yazala oonyana ababini. Intombi yobuqhetseba yayitshatile nomntu ongumhlolokazi uDiana Spencer, inkosazana yexesha elizayo, iba ngukumkani wayo. UDiana wafundwa ziinoveli zekhathuni, kodwa babenolwalamano olupholileyo: i-barbara yagxeka ubomi benenekazi di.
Kwiminyaka evuthiweyo, i-Artuland yaba ngumfanekiso obonakalayo woluntu oluphakamileyo waseLondon, wavela kumabonwakude kwaye wasasaza udliwanondlebe. Ngo-1990, wakhiwa kwindawo yamanenekazi ekomyuni yoBukhosi baseBritane.
Ngo-1963 nenoveli yomhlolokazi, kodwa yahlala inenekazi elinomtsalane, elaliyimpumelelo ekhulileyo kubantu abadala hayi makhulu kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokusweleka kukaBarbara, i-Karland ithengise ezingama-57 zezinto ezininzi zokwenza i-sothebysis, aba banike abalandeli.
Lo mfazi uqinisa into yokuba "iidayimani zeKamati kwiziseko zebhanki" sisidenge, kunye neebhola apho banokubekwa khona, kungekho kudala.
I-Barbara Carlend ithathela ingqalelo i-rodonakhar's rodonacahal: ibhinqa elamkelweyo lombala, yazisa ifashoni kwi-white "ye-cadillaci" kunye nezinja ezincinci, ezinxibe iintsiba kunye noboya.
Ukufa
Unobangela wokusweleka 'kukaKumkanikazi wamaRoma "yaba sisifo esifutshane: Ibhinqa elineminyaka engama-98 ubudala lalifa ephupheni, ebhedini ekhaya eHatfield, ngaphandle kokuphila kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuzalwa.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1923 - "thusa inkanuko"
- Ngo-1938 - "Uthando luhlala lulungile"
- Ngo-1938 - "Ubusuku baseJiphutha"
- Ngo-1939 - "i-panther emnyama"
- Ngo-1951 - "Gupst kwiMonte Carlo"
- Ngo-1952 - "nenenekazi kunye nomphangi"
- Ngo-1959 - "isilika
- Ngo-1973 - "I-Marmis embi"
- Ngo-1976 - "I-Wie-Eyoed Wagn"
- Ngo-1976 - "Imbeko nehlazo"
- Ngo-1978 - "Uthando luhamba ezinzulwini zobusuku"
- Ngo-1980 - "ukumangala"
- Ngo-1984 - "Umtshakazi ongaqhelekanga"
- Ngo-1989 - "Ukuhanjiswa kwekamva"
- Ngo-1993 - "Itanki elingaqondakaliyo"
- 1994 - "Umtshato WutshaKutsha"