Biography
Isithandi-sobulumko esikhulu kunye nokucinga ngemibono yakhe ehlala sisisiseko kwithiyori yobuchule. I-biography ye-george hegel iyagxekwa yimibono yesayensi eyazisa isayensi yoyiso kwihlabathi liphela. Ukulungisa i-hegeli yeyomphezulu wengcinga yefilosofi kwaye ifundwe kwiiyunivesithi zangoku njengesiseko kunye nesiseko sesayensi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
NgoAgasti 1770, uGeorg Ludwig uHeegel wazalelwa eStuttgart, owayemiselwe ukuba angene kwibali lesayensi yefilosofi. Utata wakho wenza igosa elikwiNkundla yeWorttemberg Dake. Ukuba nemvelaphi enjalo, inkwenkwe yafumana imfundo eklasini yokuqala. Utata, othathela ingqalelo uqeqesho lwesikolo, ehlawula amandla kunye neengxowa-mali, ukongeza kumema ootitshala kwiNdlu.
Isithandi sobulumko esizayo ngokwakhe samkela izifundo zakhe, kwaye inkanuko yayikukufunda. Nokuba imali epokothweni ichithwe kwiincwadi ezintsha. Inkwenkwe yaba yinkonzo yeSixeko seSixeko. Ukuzikhethela kolu ncwadi kwanikezelwa kwimisebenzi yesayensi kunye nefilosofi, kunye nababhali abangakwanti. Kodwa umzobo, i-clarics yaseJamani yaseJamani, ayibandakanywanga kuluhlu lweencwadi ezithandwayo. Kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, inkwenkwe ifumene umvuzo wokusebenza kwemfundo kunye nokukhuthala.
Emva kokugqitywa kweGymnasium ngo-1788, i-hegel idlula kwizifundo zenkolo kunye nefilosofi kwisemina yenkolo kwiDyunivesithi yaseTubingham. Apho, umfana ukhusela i-dissertation. Ngexesha lomfundi, isondele nge-Shells kunye ne-poeet perderlin. Ukuba mncinci kunye nomsindo, kunye nabacimi abaphambili belo xesha, bathanda umnxeba wezogosori zaseFransi, kodwa ungangeni kwizinto zawo.
IYunivesithi iyaqhubeka ukuba ngumnqweno wokufunda kunye neencwadi, ezithi banya abanye abafundi, kodwa azididani loo ndoda. Uvuyo oluhlekisayo lobutsha alunakukude nomfundi. Njengakwakhona namadiyamene, ukucinga okuzayo kwakusebenzisa iwayini, inyoka ye-NYKKL kwaye emva kwexesha ichithe ngokuhlwa emva kokungcakaza.
Ubungakanani be-Master bafunyanwa yi-hegel kwintanda-bulumko, kodwa le minyaka mithathu idlulileyo yokufunda inikelwe kwi-theology, nangona umfundi edluliselwa kwicawe nakwinkonzo zonqulo. Mhlawumbi, ngaphandle kweemviwo ezigqwesileyo, umfundisi akazange abe ngumbingeleli.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhululwa, umfana wafumana izifundo zabantwana abangamaJamani abaphumeleleyo. Umsebenzi onjalo awusebenzisi kakhulu isithandi sobulumko obuzayo, wanikela ithuba lokusebenza kwimisebenzi yabo kwaye wenza uphando lwenzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, xa emva kokubhubha kukatata ngo-1799, indoda encinci yafumana ilifa elincinci kwi-1799, uyekile umsebenzi wabucala kwaye wema umsebenzi wabucala kwaye ethoba intloko yakhe ukuba abe yinkonzo yokufundisa.
Ifilosofi kunye nesayensi
Isiqalo semibono esisiseko ye-hegel ilele kwimisebenzi yekant, othathelwa ingqalelo njengomsunguli wobubi. Nangona kunjalo, intanda-bulumko kaHeegel kwinkqubo yophuhliso yeyemka eKant, eyenziwe yaya kwimfundiso ezimeleyo.
Indlela yefilosofi yomcinga waseJamani ifumene igama le-swics. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yengcinga epheleleyo yengqondo kukuba eyona nyaniso ifundwe ngokusesikweni, kuba indalo ngokwayo iyingqibile. Kwaye inyani kwingqondo ingengqondo nje ebonisa yona emhlabeni.
Ubuxoki be-dialeric kuguquko olungenasiphelo lwe-thesis nge-antithesis. Isithandi-sobulumko, echaza umxholo, sikholelwa ukuba nawuphi na umosis okhokelela kwi-antithesi, kodwa oku akuyeki inkqubo, kwaye inyathelo elilandelayo yi-synthesis yeechasi ezimbini.
Inkqubo yeGegeli inamanyathelo amathathu - ukuba phakathi kwawo, ayizomele yena kwaye ngokwakhe kwaye ngokwakhe. Ithiyori efanayo isebenza kwimbono yomoya nengqondo. Ngokwasekuqaleni komoya ngokwawo, esasasaza esikhaleni, iba kukuzalwa ngokwakho - ubume. Kwaye indalo iphuhla ekuqiniseni, nayo ithatha amanqanaba amathathu.
Umgaqo-siseko ofanayo weCandelo lamanqanaba amathathu asetyenziswa nguHegel nakwinkqubo yefilosofi. I-Loogic-isayensi yoMoya ngokwayo; Ifilosofi yendalo - isayensi yomoya ngokwakho; kunye nentanda-bulumko yomoya ezizimeleyo.
I-Ethics, ithiyori yelizwe kunye nefilosofi yembali yavela ibalulekile eluntwini ngemimandla yentanda-bulumko. Ngokwemfundiso kaGegeli, urhulumente lolona lwimi luphakamileyo lomoya, umbono kaThixo ofumana umfanekiso obambe umhlaba, isibakala sokuba ngumoya odalwe yena. Kuyinyani, isithandi-sobulumko siphawula ukuba le meko igqibelele ngokupheleleyo. Inyani igcwele zombini i-goones kunye nembi.
Ibali, ngalo, ichazwa njengenzululwazi yesizathu, apho iziganeko zenzeka khona ngokwemithetho yengqondo. Imithetho ibonakala iyinkxwaleko kwaye ayilunganga, kodwa ayinakugwetywa ngemilinganiselo esemgangathweni. Balandela injongo yomoya wehlabathi ongafumaneki ngokukhawuleza ekuqondeni uluntu.
Ewe, iingcinga ezinje ngolonwabo oluvunyelwe nguMbutho namandla. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iMfundiso iba yintanda-bulumko yaseburhulumenteni kaRhulumente, nangona i-hege ye-heguel ayizange izalelwe ngabalawuli be-Prussia. Iincwadi zikaHeegel ziveliswa ziicandezelo ezibanzi kwaye zifundwa kwiiyunivesithi nakumaziko.
Eyokuqala kuluhlu lwemisebenzi ebonisiweyo nexabisekileyo yayiyeyona "yento yexabiso lomoya", eyabona ukukhanya ngo-1807, apho iingcinga ezisisiseko, imithetho ye-diacces yenziwa.
Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-hegel ayizange ihlale icacisa ngokucacileyo iinkcazo ezisetyenziswa yimixholo. Ngokuphathelene noku, imikhombandlela eyabalandeli iimfundiso ezilinganayo. Isithandi-sobulumko sitolika abaseki bomsunguli wee-swiactivac ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye benze imithetho yabo yokuphuhlisa umoya ogqibeleleyo.
Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, iimfundiso zikaGegeli zazigxekwa ngokuqinileyo. Ngenxa yoko, umntu owayephila ngexesha lobulumko uSbhorenhauer watyhola umntu osebenza naye kwi-quararelism, kwaye iMfundiso kwisiphelo esipheleleyo, esiboniswe ngokudideka kwaye sibonisa indlela yendlela.
Ubomi Buqu
Isikhundla se-Redtor eNuremberg Gymnasium, ifunyenwe ngo-1808, ayizange ibuyisele umvuzo omkhulu. Ekuqaleni, iHegel kunye neengcinga zakhe aziyonwabanga yimpumelelo yabafundi. Nangona kunjalo, njengokuthatha inxaxheba kweemfundiso, ukukhutshwa kweencwadi ezifumana ukwamkelwa kwezona zesangqa ephezulu, izifundo zesithandi-sobulumko ziqokelela ababukeli abapheleleyo.
Ngo-1811, uHegel wenza isigqibo sokufumana usapho kwaye utshatile intombi yentombi yabazali bakaMariya bakaMariya Von Tukor. Le ntombazana iphindwe kabini iqabane, kodwa ngumyeni oGrisi, encothusa ingqondo kunye nezinto ezifezekisiweyo zelokugqibela.
I-hegel yefama yakhokelela ngokuzimeleyo, ukulawula iindleko kunye nengeniso yosapho. Umfazi uqhele kwikhoboka elinye. Amaqabane aqalisa ukubonakala abantwana. Intombi yokuqala yafa emva kokuzalwa, eyayihlala yenzeka koomama abancinci belo xesha. Emva koko ukuzalwa koonyana ababini kwalandela iKarl noImanuweli.
Iingxaki zosapho kunye nekhaya azizange ziphazamisi intanda-bulumko ukuba zizinikele kwisayensi kwaye zibhale iincwadi ezintsha. Ngo-1816, isazinzulu sifumana isimemo sezinto eziqinisekisiweyo njengonjingalwazi oqhelekileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseHeidelberg. Kwaye emva konyaka, ngommiselo, inkosi ifumana indawo eyunivesithi yeBerlin. Ngelo xesha, uBerlin yayiliziko leengcinga zengqondo, i-cream yoluntu okhanyisiweyo nowakhankanyiweyo wayehlala kwikomkhulu.
Inzululwazi ngokukhawuleza yayifumana indawo entsha, yandise isangqa sokuthandana. Phakathi kwabahlobo abatsha babekuveli, amagcisa, iingqondo zezenzululwazi. Njengoko bekudala bethandana nabo baxelelwe kwizezibuselo, u-Hegel wayeyithanda intlalontle yakhe, wayeyazi amahewuzi ezidolophini. Wathanda inkampani yabasetyhini, amantombazana amancinci. Isithandi-sobulumko sasidume ngenxa yeFran yokwenene. Kwimpahla yakhe ngaphandle kwakhe kwaye amaqabane ayayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Ngo-1830, i-hegel yayiqeshwa iDyunivesithi eBerlin, kwaye ngo-1831 wanikwa i-odolo ye-Eagle ebomvu yenkonzo ye-3 yenkonzo.
Ukufa
Ngo-1830, i-cholera ijikeleze iBerlin. Isithandi-sobulumko esinentsapho yakhe ngokukhawuleza sasishiya isixeko. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-Oktobha, ngokujonga ukuba ingozi idlulile, umntu ohlawula uMgcini wabuyela kwinkonzo ekuqaleni kwesemester. NgoNovemba 14 kwaloo nyaka, kwafa inzululwazi enkulu.Ngokutsho koogqirha, ukucinga okubukhali obuhle kakhulu ngenxa yokunyuka kwamawaka amawaka obhubhani, kodwa isifo se-gestrointe sihlala sinjengonobangela wokushiya ubomi. Umngcwabo weNkxayezo weSayensi wenzeka nge-16 kaNovemba.
I-Bibliography
- I-1807 - "I-PHNOmenology yoMoya"
- Ngo-1812-1816 - "Inzululwazi yeLogic"
- Ngo-1817 - "Encyclopedia yeNzululwazi yeZinyuko"
- Ngo-1821 - "Ifilosofi yomthetho"