Biography
I-Yakov Ioimovich Jashvili ngowase-Josen Statevili ngowase-Pelin, osweleke ngexesha leMfazwe yeLizwe yaseJamani. Ubomi kunye nekamva lamazibulo "utata wezizwana" zibuhlungu kwaye azingqinelani "nembono" ye-lobalir "yoNyana ongumzekelo, indlela endithanda ukuyithumela kwi-soviet propaganda. UJakov Jugashvili wayengumntu oqhelekileyo-ongqubana, oqengqeleka, kwaye uyaphila, kwaye ubume bomntakwabo jikelele besithintele ebomini.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Amazibulo eStalin azalelwe ngoMatshi 1907 emantla eGeorgia, kwilali yaseBetji, engakuKutaisi. UMama Ekatina Svanidze Yakov akakhumbuli: Ibhinqa lafa kwi-typhoid yeenyanga ezisibhozo emva kokuzalwa koNyana.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-14 ubudala, umtshana wayekhathalela uAlexandra, oodade baseMamina. Esi sikolo sikufutshane sasikwilali eselumelwaneni, iikhilomitha ezisi-7, kunye ne-yasha yonke imihla ekuhambeni kwendlela eya kuBegoji nasemva. Utata wathabatha izibulo eMoscow ngo-1921. Kwakuloo nyaka, unyana ka-valily Stalin wazalwa ngekamva le-jikelele, kwaye ngo-1922 uJoseph u-Vissariononovich wanyulwa nguNobhala Jikelele we-RCPP (b).
Kwikomkhulu, umntu okwishumi elivisayo owayevela kwiPhondo laseGeorgia laseGeorgia lalididekile. Kwintsapho entsha, utata waziva engakumbi, ivaliwe kwaye egcinwe emithunzini, ukuba i-stalin ibizwa ngokuba yi-YAKOV Volconk. UNidezhda i-AlliuLuva i-nkwenkwana ngobushushu bemfazwe kwaye yafumana indlela kuye.
I-Yakov Jugashvili iphumelele esikolweni kwi-Arbat, emva koko yaya kwisikolo sombane eSokolniki. Ngo-1925, lo mfana wafumana imfundo ekhethekileyo, kodwa wala ukungena kwiZiko, nangona uvavanyo lwaluluphezulu.
Umtshato oyimfihlo ka-Yakov oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala kwasekuncinane konyaka ofunda nabo eZoe Gunnina, intombi yombingeleli, isonge intloko yayo yomsindo wakhe. Ingxabano enomzali iphelile ngokuzama ukuzibulala: iJugashvili yaziphosa, kodwa ibhulethi yaya kumaza.
Emva kokubuyiselwa kukaYakov nenkosikazi yakhe, eBhunga, iSergey Kirov baya eLeningrad kwaye bafumana indawo yokuhlala kwintsapho ye-Allyluve. UZoya wangenela iziko lentaba, kunye neJigashvili yoNja, ngoncedo lwe-kirov, luzinze ekusebenzeni kwinqanaba lomncedisi wom-elektrometer.
U-Yakov wenza imfuno yoYise wabuyela kwikomkhulu ngo-1930. ELeningrad, akenzanga nto: kunyaka okwinye ubudala babenentombazana ene roe, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa wasweleka umntwana. Intsapho yaqhekeka.
EMoscow, uYakov Zhulagashvili yaba ngumfundi kwiZiko leeNjineli zeTrafiki, apho de kwangu-1936 wafunda kwi-faculty ye-facusy ye-facusis ye-farmal. Unyaka wentloko yenkokeli wasebenza kwinqanaba lamandla esityalo olinxiba igama likatata, njengesithuba senjineli ye-turbines. UJoseph Vissarionovich wayenengxaki yomkhosi woonyana, kwaye uYakov walahleka: ngo-1937 waba ngumfundi we-ACEKSE ABASEBENZI BABASEBENZI BABASEBENZI.
UJugashvili uphumelele kwi-Academy kumlo wemfazwe. NgoMeyi 1941, wanyulwa ngumphathi webhetri kunye nelungu le-WCP (B).
Inkonzo yezelizwe
Ngaphambili, i-herEenant ye-YUKOV Jugashvili yabetha ekupheleni kukaJuni 1941. Utata uFarewell ukuya nokulwa, wenza, enze ibhetri yesheriyeli ye-gaubic kwicandelo le-TAK. Emva kweveki, nge-4 kaJulayi 4, inxalenye yeJugashvili yawa kwi-Jitebsk, kwaye nge-7 kaJulayi, uYakobi, kunye nabanye abalwa, wanikwa amanye amakhawuli aphantsi kwesixeko saseBelarusia.Embindini ka-Agasti ka-1941, inqaku malunga nesibindi nolwazelelelo lomphathi webhetri wapapashwa kwinkwenkwezi ebomvu, ukuya kwiprojectile yokugqibela, kunye nabalinganayo balwa notshaba. Ngexesha lokukhululwa kwenombolo yephephandaba, uYikov ubanjiwe amaJamani kangangenyanga. Wawa eFascists, ukutyhubela indawo yotshaba, phakathi kukaJulayi.
Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, unyana we-Genesussimogus wancinwa nge-18 kaJulayi, ngo-1941. Iprotocol yovavanyo yafunyanwa emva kwemfazwe eBerlin, kwindawo yokugcina. Kule mihla, olu xwebhu lugcinwe ePoodsk, kwindawo yokugcina inkonzo yasemkhosini. Ekungeneni, unyana wentloko yeSoviet wagcinwa ngokwaneleyo, kodwa akakwazanga ukumelana namazwi okudimaza amaqhinga ezenzo zomkhosi obomvu.
Iminyaka emibini yakov, uJigashvili wawabhadula ngeenkampu: yayiqhutywa eBavarian Hammmmburg ukuya emantla eJamani, eLubebshenhausen Inkampu yoxinaniso e-Oranienburg.
Ngalo lonke ixesha, umyalelo waseJamani wayezama ukutshintshana nonyana we-jersimus kwibanjwa le-Wehmacht. Okokuqala ngqa, oku kwabhalwa ngudade odityanisiweyo waseYakov, eSvetlana Allyluweva. Ngokutsho kwakhe, utata wakhe wamxelela ngotshintsho ocetywayo kunye nokuthandabuza kwawo ukuxoxa notshaba ebusika ngo-1943-44.
Inkqubo yokuphakamisa amaJamani ukutshintshiselana noJanusrich uParyrich Paulrich akazange afumane isiqinisekiso, kwaye amazwi enkokeli akazange atshintshe ijoni kwi-Marshal yasentsini, anokuba yintsomi entle yembali. Kodwa imizamo yeJamani yokwenza utshintshiselwano olunenzuzo kunokwenzeka.
Kwiinkumbulo ezibhalwa kwiMfazwe Yasemva kweMfazwe, uGeorgy Zhukov wabelana ukuba uYosefu uJissarionovich wayesazi malunga nekamva le-YAKOV. Entlanganisweni, wavukela ukuba unyana wakhe akazange aphume enkampini, abaseJamani bayamdubula. Kwidrama yasemkhosini "Ukuwa kwe-Berlin" Mlawuliil Chiaurelie ukubonakalisa amaqhaweri aphambili e-jikelele ye-gestimus njengeqhawe elibi lemfazwe enkulu, kodwa i-stalin yeka.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1930s, uJaugashvili waya eUrupupinsk, apho wachitha khona iholide yakhe. Ukwazi nge-olga gallysheva yenzekile kwizalamane ze-Allyluve. Kwabakho inqaku elikhawulezayo, elalingenafiswa ngomtshato osemthethweni.
Kunyaka kamva, ngo-1936, uOlga wazala uYakobi ubuzibulo, owayebizwa ngokuba ngu-Eugene. Ngelo xesha, uJugashvili wayesele enobudlelwane obusemthethweni kunye nomculi we-ballet julia melzer. NgoFebruwari 1938, iqabane lakho lanika umyeni wakhe kwintombi yakhe yaseGalina.
Umzukulwana uJoseph Vissarionovich - Evgenyy Jugashvili - uphumelele kwisikolo saseSuvorov kwiKalinin, emva koko iAcanjies yasemoyeni. Emva kokusweleka kukatatomkhulu, abazukulwana bamisela imbasa yakho ngaphambi kokuphela kwemfundo.
U-Eugene wakhusela i-thesis yakhe kwaye ngo-1970-80 wayefundisa kumasebe emkhosini. Ebutsheni bowe-1990, wathatha umhlala phantsi kwisikhundla sekoloneli. Ubhale incwadi malunga notatomkhulu odumileyo waza wadlala uJoseph Vissisriavich kwifilimu ye-Devisid ABashidze "Yakov, Stalin".
I-EvgenIa Zhogashvili ibinonyana ababini - i-vississarion kunye neYakov. Owokuqala waba nguMlawuli, umculi wesibini. Abazukileyo bakaStalin baphila eTsilisi.
I-Galina Zshugashvili iphumelele kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwaye isebenza kwiZiko loNxibelelana loMncinane. Ngo-1970, unyana wazalwa e-Algeria-Ingcali. Utat'omkhulu kaStalin obizwa ngokuba nguSemlin.
Ukufa
Kwimbali yokufa kukaYakov, uJigashvili uhlala amabala amhlophe. Inguqulelo esemthethweni ithi amazibulo aphambili abhubhileyo eZacchenhausen ngo-Epreli 1943. Watsiba kwifestile yexhwane kwaye wakhawuleza waya kwabalindi. Wasweleka kwi-lesion yangoku. Ngaphambi kokusweleka komlindi we-jaik, waphendula wathi: "Thoba!"Isidumbu seJugashvili satshiswa kwi-crematorium yenkampu. U-Urri ngamaxwebhu ahamba kunye ngokusweleka kukaYakov kunye neziphumo zophando lokufa kwakhe anyamalale kwiSebe leMfundo le-Imperiy ye-Reich Reich Reich. Kulondolozo lweJamani, ifoto yagcinwa apho umntu oswelekileyo uYangav Jugashvili obanjiweyo, kodwa iingcali aziqinisekanga ukuba unyana wonyana ka-Generissimus ubanjiwe.
Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, i-Ssensenk yaziswa ngobungqina beSolager Yoger yakov, kunye nobungqina bomyalelo kunye nonogada, awafunda ngaso isibindi soNyana.
Unyana ongengo-tyala wenkokeli-Artam Fergeyev - Uyakhanyeza ekufeni kuka-Yakevhausen, nangona ihlobo lika-2007, i-FSB yaseRussia yaqinisekisa ukusweleka kwenkampu yoxinaniso kwinkampu yoxinaniso. I-Sergeyev ivuma into yokuba uMzalwana ogama linguJulayi ngaphambili ngoJulayi 1941.
Inkumbulo (i-cinery)
- Ngo-1969-1971 - "Inkululeko"
- Ngo-1990 - "Yakov, Son Stalin"
- 1992 - "Stalin"
- 2006 - "Stalin. Phila »
- Ngo-2013 - 'Nyana kaBawo Weya'
- Ngo-2017 - "Vlasik. Isithunzi seStalin "