Biography
UMarina Mnshek waba lilinye lamahashe amnandi elinexesha elinengxaki. Isiphelo somfazi sithweswe isithsaba kwitrone yaseRussia, izele luthando, ukungcungcutheka, ukubhadula. Ubomi babanomdla kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe iyafana nenoveli ye-adventure ngesiphumo esibuhlungu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMarina wazalelwa eLwashkah Munithi (ngoku ingingqi ye-LVIV), apho kuhlala khona ipropathi yosapho. Amaqabane-intombi yoNobhala weNtloko yeJadwig Tarlo noJerzy Mnishka, owayehamba ngo-Sandomira - yayikuko ukongeza kwinzala ye-moscow yexesha elizayo, kusekho inzala yesibhozo.
Intsapho entle yayisisityebi, kodwa ihlwempuzeka ngokungagungqiyo xa kuthelekiswa nekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, kubandakanya isiphoso sikatata weHedgeee. Ukuhamba kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech kwahlulwe ngumlinganiswa onamandla, wathi le ndoda yanceda uMlawuli waseSigizmundi ukuba afumane imbeko - ebonelelwe ngqo kwigumbi lakhe lamantombazana amancinci. Ke ngoko, usisizana ongayithandiyo uMishishka, kwaye abanye bengazange bafune nokubulisa kwaye bakwazi ukujongana nabo.
Kwaye intsapho ngemilinganiselo yokuphela kwenkulungwane ye-16 yayithathelwa ingqalelo sisityebi. Ikamva likaMarina linokuya kusebenza ngovuyo - imeko yemvelaphi kunye nemeko yemali iya kwavulwa indlela yokufumana umtshato, ubomi buza kuzaliswa yibala kunye nokuzonwabisa kwe-Elite yoluntu.
Le ntombazana yakhula iphantsi kweliso labafundi bamaKatolika, bafumana ukukhula kwakhe kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elizayo, italente yavulwa kwi-marina ukuba iqhiphuke abantu kwaye ngokubanzi indawo ekungqongileyo - nokuba imeko ibiziwe, okanye ngubani ofundisiweyo. Eli sakhono liqaqambileyo lafika ngendlela, kuba intombazana yasebuncinane yayingenakuqhayisa ubuhle: ukukhula okuphantsi, ukucinga kunye nabantsundu abazukileyo bebengazuki.
I-LHADMMMTY NOBHODI
Xa uMarina Mjishek wafumana iminyaka eli-16 ubudala (i-1604), indoda ivele kwindlu yakhe, eyazibiza ngokuba ngu-Tsarevich Drimmiry. I-Ahunuunulusy Ahunununulus - Unyana kaIvan Grozny akabulawanga konke e-Uglich (olawulwa ngokufihlakeleyo ukubaleka kwelinye ilizwe) kwaye ngoku ikhuba itrone yelizwe liphela. Amarhe khawuleza aye eMoscow.
Ukubona intombi yerhuluneli, uLidmitirna waphila eluthandweni lwayo. Le ntombazana yayikude nepolitiki, kwaye umsebenzi akazange athandane 'ngababhali-mbali babonisa ukuba i-Tsarevidi "i-Tsarevich" yayinokukhula okuncinci, amagxa amane nezandla ezinobude obahlukeneyo, ngelixa ubuso bakhe bube nempumlo "yezihlangu". Akumangalisi ukuba ngokwahlukana komyeni khange bafumane iileta zokuthanda.
Ukuphendula intombazana ye-ndle Reayiie inyanzelise iimonki, silandela usukelo lokwazisa ubuKatolika eRashiya. Oomasiko luxhasa abazeleyo kunye nokumkani we-sigimand yomntu. Nangona kunjalo, utata womtshakazi wabeka iimeko ezimbi: intombi imele ibe yiKumkanikazi, ukuphathwa kwayo kuya kuba ne-Pskov kunye neNovgorod, ngelixa ilungelo lokuvuma ikakhulu lilungisiwe. Ukuba i-DMMMMY ayiphumelelanga ukukhwela itrone, uMarina wakhululeka kwaye wayenokuhamba phantsi kwesithsaba enye indoda. Umkhwenyana wavuma, kwaye kwenzeka ukubandakanyeka.
Emva kokuba i-LHADMMMTY ithathe amandla e-Russian State, uMarina Mnishek ene-gush tuple ifikile kwikomkhulu laseRussia. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi 1606, le ntombazana yayiphawule nomlawuli omtsha, umsitho wemisitho wabanjwa. Okubangela umdla kukuba, wavula uluhlu lwabafazi abathweswe isithsaba eRussia.
Abemi baseZlato bamboniselwe kwi-pin pan kunye nenkanuko yothusa. I-Muscovtes ayizange ayithande le ntombazana - ayikho ngaphandle okanye ngaphandle. Kwaye uMarina wayengafuni ukunxiba iimpahla zasekhaya, ahlala enxibe iimpahla zangasese. Kwaye, uthando olungenampilo ngobutyebi nobutofotofolelo lutyiwe - umthunywa weTuscan uvumile ngoonobumba ukuba amatye anqabileyo ahonjisiweyo kwi-hairtyle yenkosikazi entsha, engazange ibonwe.
Ubomi basebukhosini buqalise, buzaliswe lusizi oluqaqambileyo - intombazana iphuphileyo iphupha. Nangona kunjalo, iholide yathatha ixesha elide. Kwiveki kamva, i-insulivency eyoyikisayo yaqala ukuba nenxaxheba ye-Stlultsov phantsi kobunkokeli bukaVasily Shuisky, ixhotywe ngumsebenzi weendwendwe zangaphandle, abantu babeka i-pogram kwibhotwe le-Tsarist. Umyeni wam wabulawa, kwaye uMarina wakwazi ukubaleka.
Emva koko, kunye notata, le ntombazana yayilinde ikhonkco le-Yaroslavl, emva kokuba i-polish ayigoduka kunye nehlabathi. Kodwa uMinishek akazange angene kwi-fisi yemvelo yakhe - umkhosi wahlangabezana nendlela ephantsi kobunkokeli be-filedimeria elandelayo, ebizwa ngokuba yisela i-tushinsky, ukuze aqonde ichibi. Nangona inxenye yabaphandi iqinisekile ukuba uMarina wavuma ngokuzithandela kule ndima, bathi, iimpondo zithathe itrone yakho kwakhona.
Ngo-1610, elinye ibhinqa laphinda laba ngumhlolokazi. IJografi yokuhamba kukaMarina Mnishek yachukumisa i-Astrakhakhakhan naseRyazan, yatyelela i-poltadan, yatyelela i-poltage ye-poles kunye ne-cossacks. Elinye iqabane lalinguAtaman Ivan Zarutsky. Kwaye ngo-1611 le ntombazana yazala unyana, yabiza uIvan. Malunga noBawo womntwana, ibali lithe cwaka, uMariyo wazalela ukuba enze indlalifa kwitrone yaseRussia.
Lo mfanekiso wawungakhange ubize ngempumelelo. Ukubhadula kwezibonda ezikwiindawo zaseRussia zaphela ngo-1614 - uMarina, kunye nonyana wakhe, bathimba abatoli bakwaMoscow kwindawo ekufutshane ne-Urals. Umntwana kufuneka atshatyalaliswe, ngenxa yokuba kwikomkhulu sele ekhethe umenzi-sicelo ngoBukumkani - i-mikhal romanova. Onokhuphiswano athintelwe kuphela, kuba inkwenkwe ingumkhweli ovela ngokusemthethweni marina mnishek. Umntwana oneminyaka emithathu ubudala walinda ukubulawa esidlangalaleni: uIvan waxhonywa, esusa izandla zikamama oleleyo.
Ukufa
Ukusweleka kwesibonda, ukuphupha kwetrone yeMoscow, enye yeemfihlakalo zembali. Ngokwamaxwebhu, uMarina Mnishek akazange abe lusizi emva kokuba ephulukane noNyana kwaye "wafa ekulangazeleleni."
Obunye ubungqina buphikisana ukuba lo mfazi uthothiwe okanye axhonywe. Olunye ukhetho lusithi uMarino wasweleka evalelwe kwinqaba enqatyisiweyo yeKolomna kremlin.
Imemori
- Inqaba ejikeleze kwinqaba yaseKolomenkoye Kreyin ibizwa ngokuba yiMnshek, ibizwa ngokuba yi-ITS.
- I-1604 - eyona mifanekiso idumileyo kaMarina Mnishek evela kwinqaba ye-vishnevetsky.
Iincwadi
- Ngo-1825 - "uBoris therinov", Alexander Puykin
- I-2005 - "Marina Mnishek", vnylav kozsov
- Ngo-2013 - "ukumkanikazi we-smooty", i-leonid borodin
- Ngo-2017 - "Uthando Lwesithathu uMarina Mnishek. Ukukhanya emhadini, "Elena Raskin
- Ngo-1834 - iguqulelwe kwiDadi yaseRussia "yeDayiri yaseRussina Mnishek" - umbhalo obhalwe phantsi yeyomntu ovela kwizibonda ezichanekileyo.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Umdlalo "uBori uStunov" waqala wabekwa kwindawo yokuqala ye-marinsky ngo-1870. I-Mnishek yayidlala i-Elena Struj.
- Umsebenzi wakhuselwa izihlandlo ezininzi. Umsebenzi womlawuli oqaqambileyo yayiyifilimu yefilimu ye-boris nebitidze esekwe kwi-Opera Murggsky kwigama elinye ngo-1987. I-Irina MalySheva iphinde yenzelwe ukumkanikazi waseRussia wegazi lasePoland. Kwaye ngo-2011, iinjongo zentlekele ye-puckkin yafudukela kwifilimu Virzoev, eyenza intsingiselo yokutolikwa kwezinto eziphathwayo namhlanje. Umphathi wamenyelwa kwindima kaMarina Mjishek Agnia Ditkovskite.
- Emva kokusweleka kukaMnaishki, iLegend yazalwa phambi kokufa uMarina yabeka isiqalekiso kwi-romanov Denasty. Ngokutsho kwenkululeko yomfazi, abameli bohlobo baya kufa ukufela ngobundlobongela, ekugqibeleni kunobukumkani buza kunyamalala. Kwaye, kubonakala ngathi, amagama akhathazekile kwintlungu kamama ayekhutshelwa ebomini - ubuncinci ibali lobungqina.
- Enye intsomi ithi intolongo, eyayiyinqaba yaseKolomna mnishek xa ivusa intaka yaza yakhupha ifestile. Umlindi wawungavumelekanga ukuba ujonge ebusweni bekhoboka, utolo, ngombono omnye, lo mfazi wathandana ngokulula kwaye wavutha inkanuko.
- EKalmrelin Kolomna, wayekholelwa ukuba umphefumlo kaMarina kwaye uhlala kwisakhiwo: iindwendwe zihlala ziziva ngathi zibukele isidalwa esingabonakaliyo. Kodwa abathandi baguqula imbali yeshishini elihle- kuyakholelwa ukuba ukuba ubuza umoya wabafi malunga noncedo, kungekudala ndiza kuba nethamsanqa eluthandweni. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwabo baziva bengafanelekanga.