Biography
Iminyaka eyoyikekayo yemfazwe yehlabathi kunye neNazi yachukumiseka phantse zonke iintsapho zaseRussia. Ityhubekisi eyoyikisayo yamaFasi amaFascists yakhokelela kwintlangano yeenkampu zoxinaniso, iinkampu zokufa. Enye yezi ndawo yingqokelela. Kodwa ukubanjwa kweSoviet yayikwazi ukunyusa i-indulukupheka kwaye itshabalalise indawo yokufa kwamawakawaka amabanjwa. Ixesha elide, ukubonakala kwegorha kuhlala emthunzini. Kwiminyaka emininzi kuphela, i-biography ka-Alexander Pechersky yaziwa.Ubuntwana noLutsha
NgoFebruwari 22, 1909, uSasha Pechersky wazalwa kwisixeko saseKremenchug - inkwenkwe eyayilungiselelwe yi-ikamva lokuba ligorha kwaye libonisa ukunganyangeki kwamaYuda.
Utata wenkwenkwe wasebenza njengegqwetha, wayeneengcambu zamaYuda. Ngo-1915, usapho lusiya eRostov-on-don, apho uAlexander aya kuthathwa njengezalamane. Apha inkwenkwe iphela ngemfundo ephakathi ngokubanzi kunye nezikolo zomculo zomculo.
Emva kwesikolo, lo mfana wafumana umbane kwisityalo sokulungisa ixesha, kwaye wafumana imfundo ephezulu, emva kokuphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseRostov.
I-Pechersk, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yahlala ingumntu wokudala. Ngexesha loxolo, wakhokelela kwi-Amateur ye-Amateur ye-Amateur-isangqa esimangalisayo.
Inkonzo yezelizwe
Ngaphambili, uAlexander Pechersky wabetha iintsuku zemfazwe. NgoSeptemba 1941, ijoni laseSoviet lafumana isihloko se-lieutenant kwaye saqhubeka nokulwa njengenxalenye yomkhosi we-Artillery yomkhosi we-19 yeSoviet Union.
Ngo-Oktobha 1941, iLightenant, phakathi kwamakhulu amawaka eentsomi, wayejikelezwe nguVyhazma. I-paratrophic yentshukumo yokuzikhusela komkhosi obomvu wakhokelela ekuswelekeni kwesiqingatha samajoni aseSoviet, kwaye bengalindeli inkxaso.
UAlexander kunye noogxa bakhe, ngaphandle kokuphosa umphathi owenzakeleyo, wazama ukwahlukana nemeko yobuFascist. Kodwa iinqwelomoya zaphela njengamandla ekuchaseni. Ekugqibeleni, iMfazwe yePechersk iphelile ngokulimala nokuthinjwa.
Ukuqukunjelwa kwesi sifo nge-ciphod kunye nobunzima buyifumana kwakhona, ngo-1942, kunye namaxabiso amane, umlo uzama ukubaleka umfundi. Ngenxa yokungathobeli, iSoviet Buntar yathunyelwa kwisohlwayo sika-Galoussia. Emva koko, i-pechersky iwela kwinkampu yomsebenzi we-MSCK ye-SNS.
Inkangeleko yabathinjwa ayizange ikhuphe iingcambu zamaYuda. Nangona kunjalo, i-mink ivuliwe nyani. Ngokwedatha efanayo-kuvavanyo lwezonyango, ngokutsho kwabanye, ngokweehlelo zabaqeqeshi-anti-simeties. Enye indlela okanye enye, i-pechersk ilola kwi-ken-ebizwa ngokuba "yiCellar yaseJudarish" - igumbi elingaphantsi ngaphandle kwemithombo yokukhanya.
NangoSeptemba 18, uAlexander, kunye namanye amaJuda, wathumela kwinkampu engagungqiyo yokutshatyalaliswa, kuloo ndawo, kungekho mntu wabuya wabuya khona.
Imvukelo kwi-SOBOB
I-Sobibor yayiyinkampu yokufa. Ngokungafaniyo nabanye, kwakhiwa kuphela ngenjongo enye - ngokukhawuleza kwaye bengazange bawatshabalalise amaJuda. Amabanjwa eza apha isihlwele, kwaye kwiyure yokuqala ubuthathaka yaya kwigumbi legesi. Abo bahlemkeli, bahlala ixesha elide. Basetyenziswa njengomsebenzi, kodwa akukho mntu uza kusondla.
I-Pechersky ingene kwingqokelela kwaye kwangoko yaqonda ukuba indawo yetikiti elinye. Abanye ukuphuma, ngaphandle kokufa, akwamiselwa apha. Emva koko wagqiba kwelokuba azame ukubaleka. Kuphela kukubaleka okuqhelekileyo akunakukhokelela kuyo nayiphi na into. Imizamo sele ihende kuye. Kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuvuthuza amabanjwa awenza kunye kwaye atshatyalaliswe njengabalawuli abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Eli kuphela kwethuba lokusindisa. Ngayiphi na imeko, ukufa akunakuphepheka, makube yinto efanelekileyo.
Ngexesha lentlangano yemvukelo, iPechersky ichithe iiveki ezintathu enkampini. Kodwa wakuphembelela uninzi lwamabanjwa. Iindibano zocweyo zokuthunga zazisenkampini, apho iyunifomu yenzelwe amagosa angamaNazi. Kwagqitywa kwelokuba kugcinwe izidibanisi zentengiselwano entle ebizelwe neqela elilandelayo lamabanjwa, kwaye ukufikelwa ziintshaba, izixhobo eziqingqiweyo.
Ngo-Oktobha 14, 1943, abathinjwa baqalisa ukumisela icebo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, bekunokwenzeka ukuba batshabalalise amaNazi ali-11 kunye nabagada abaliqela baseUkraine abanceda amaFasi. Ukuthengisa izixhobo, amabanjwa ayekhawuleza waya kwi-dolt kwinkululeko enqwenelekayo, ngokuyila indlela eya kumangakwa.
Lilonke, bekukho amabanjwa angama-550 enkampini. Abantu abayi-130 babenobuthathaka kakhulu okanye boyike kwaye bala ukubandakanyeka. Ngemini elandelayo batshatyalaliswa. Ngexesha lokuphakama, abantu abangama-80 babulawa, kwaye enye i-170 ifunyenwe yabulawa ngenkani emahlathini nakwizithili.
Inxalenye yamaxhoba uAlexander Pechersky wakhokelela e-Darussia, apho wangena khona i-Specian. Kuyaziwa ukuba ekupheleni kwemfazwe babephila abangama-53 ababezimeleyo ababanjiweyo nguSishko Pechersk.
AmaNazi, angakwazi ukusinda, akhaba amazibuko emhlabeni kwaye aphula inkampu yomyezo. Kukukhunjuzwa kuphela iifoto ezifuywayo zobukho bendawo yokufa yamawaka amabanjwa.
Umququzeleli wekhuriya uqobo wahlala ngaphambili phantse kude kube sekupheleni kwemfazwe. Ekuqaleni, njengoko ibanjwa lemfazwe lafika kwindawo yokuma. Kwaye emva koko wenzakele, wachitha iinyanga ezine esibhedlela kwaye ekhubazekile.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngexesha lonyango kwisibhedlele semikhosi, iqhawe lahlangana nenkosikazi ye-olga côte ye-olga. Emva kwemfazwe, esi sibini sitshatileyo babuyela e-Alexander Rostov-on-don, apho wayechithe khona ubomi bakhe bonke. Amaqabane azalwa ekuphela kwentombi kuphela, yaye kamva wavela umzukulwana.
I-Pechersky yayithe cwaka kwilizwe lakhe. Ngo-1987, ifilimu ethi "Ukusinda kwiSobbor" yeza kwizikrini zehlabathi. Indima yomququzeleli wonyulu lwenziwa yiRuter Hauer. Lo mfanekiso waba yi-blockbuster, kwaye i-hauer ifumene i "Globle Globe" kwindima yeSashko Pechersk. Njengommi waseSoviet welo xesha, iqhawe lemfazwe kwi-premisere yefilimu ayizange ikhululwe. I-Pechersk ichazwe kumagorha owamkelweyo kwaSirayeli, kwafakwa i-Sasko ifakwe apho.
ERussia, incwadi encinci yenkumbulo yeqhawe lemfazwe "liphule ekungafini 'elalipapashiwe. Embindini wamawaka amabini, uAlexander Pechersky Foundation walungelelaniswa. UKonstantin Khabensky, ukunika intetho njengomlawuli, isuse ifilimu "ye-sobibhor" malunga neyona nto iphambili kuyo no-Meyi, eza kuqeshwa ngoMeyi 2018.
Ukufa
UAlexander Pechersky akazange abe ngo-1990. Ivaliwe iminyaka engama-80, uAlexander Avnovich washiya ubomi bakhe kwidolophu yakhe. Ungcwatyelwe kumathole asentla.
Sele emva kokusweleka kwebanjwa le-Sobbor, ngo-2007, kwavela i-seraquend wavela kwindlu awayehlala kuyo. Ngo-2015, ukuhlonipha i-pechersk, isitrato sesixeko sommizwe sathiywa igama. Okokugqibela, ngo-2016, umzukulwana weqhawe afunyanwa ezandleni zikaMongameli ozukisiweyo kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo kwinkampu yokufa yomyalelo wokufa.
Inkumbulo kunye namabhaso
- Ngo-1951 - Imbasa "yokulwa kakuhle"
- Imbasa "yoloyiso phezu kweJamani kwiMfazwe yeMfazwe ka-1941-1945."
- Ngo-2013
- 2016 - "Uku-odola"
- Ngo-2007-ifakwe ibala leSikhumbuzo kwindlu ka-Alexander Pechersky
- Ngo-2012-Ilityeli kwi-Alexander Pechersky kwi-Tel Aviv
- Ngo-2014 - ukuvulwa kweNqaku leNkwenkwezi kwi-Star I-Star Prostov-kwi-don
- Ngo-2015-Ukuzukisa i-Alexander Pechersk, ebizwa ngokuba sisitrato eRostov-on-don
- Ngo-2016-Ukuhlonitshwa kweAlexander Pechersky ebizwa ngokuba sisitrato eKremenchug
- Ngo-2018-Ukuzukisa iAlexander Pechersky ebizwa ngokuba sisitrato eMoscow