Biography
I-Erich i-Erich i-ofm-yengqondo yaseMelika kunye neengcambu zaseJamani, ezaye zaqulunqa ingcinga yengqondo yengqondo. Ummeli oqaqambileyo weSikolo seFrankfur, omnye wabasunguli be-neofredism kunye ne-freidmarxisxis.
Iincwadi ezininzi I-Arist ye-Psychology yobuntu obubhalwe lulwimi oludlalayo zaba ngabasebenzi abalungileyo: "Ukubhabha kwinkululeko", "umntu" unalo "," uthando lobugcisa. "
Owona mxholo uphambili wobuchule be-Erich of Erich, phantse bonke ubomi bakhe babonelelwe kufundo lwe-subcoction, yayikukuchasana nobukho bomntu emhlabeni.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Psychoanalyst yazalwe eFrankfurt e Marive ngo-1900. Kuphela umntwana kuphela kwintsapho yamaYuda e-Orthodox. I-Naftili off, intloko yentsapho, ivenkile ye wayini. Umama Erich, Rosa Krause, intombi yabafuduki evela ePoznan (emva koko iPrussia). Usapho luxhase izithethe zonqulo, kwaye abazali babephupha ngokubona unyana wakhe uRabhi okanye, embindini.
E-Erich ifundwe esikolweni, apho iziseko zobuYuda kunye nezinto zemfundo ngokubanzi zafundiswa. Ngo-1918, ukusuka esikolweni iphumelele esikolweni yaza yaba ngumfundi weDyunivesithi yaseHeidelberg. Eyunivesithi, i-Erich inyule intanda-bulumko, intlalo kunye ne-psychologlogy enezifundo eziphambili.
Ngo-1922, i-Erich ism ikhusela i-prosertation yakhe ngokukhetha umxholo womthetho wamaJuda kunye nentlalo ye-diaspora yamaYuda. Isuphavayiza yakhe yayinguAlfred Weeber - umntakwabo omncinci wombhali-mbali waziwa kwihlabathi liphela kunye nezoqoqosho i-Weble.
Ivela kwi-Berlin eBerlin, kwiziko le-psychoanalysts, laziwa ngabafundi bakhe nguSandor Rado, uMax Eingon, uWilhelm Rihich.
EBerlin, i-Erich i-Erich idibene nekamva i-karen horney, i-psychoanalyst, isidanga seZiko kunye nesitshixo se-neofriedism. I-Hory Horney yempembelelo yanceda i-ofmus ukuba ixhase izithuba zonjingalwazi kwi-Psychology eChicago.
Intanda-bulumko
Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1920, i-Erich isuka yengqondo yaba yinto yengqondo kwaye yavula indlela eyimfihlo, eyayingami kwiminyaka engama-35. Unxibelelwano nabantu abaguli banika umbandela otyebileyo wokuhlalutya izinto zebhayoloji zebhayoloji zokusekwa kwe-psyches yomntu.
EFrankfurt, ukusebenza kwiZiko loPhando lweNtlalo ukusuka ngo-1929 ukuya ku-1932, kusuka phambili, kuvela ku-ovela kwaye wahlelwa okuthile. Ngeli xesha, wabhala waza wanika umsebenzi wokuqala malunga neendlela kunye neenjongo ze-psychology.
Ngo-1933, uAdolf Hitler wafika emandleni, inzululwazi yafudukela eSwitzerland, nasemhlabeni emva konyaka eMelika. ENew York, u-Ofma wasiwa kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia, efuna ukufundisa i-Psychology kunye nentlalo. Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1940, isayensi yaseJamani same kwimvelaphi yokwenziwa kweSikolo saseWashington yeSpeychiatry, yaye ngo-1946 waba ngumsunguli weziko lengqondo ye-William Mhlophe.
Ngo-1950, i-psychoanalyst ifudukele kwikomkhulu leMexico kwaye yayisebenza njengomfundisi kwiYunivesithi yaseMntla noMzantsi Melika iminyaka eli-15. U-Erich of Erich uphanda ngeeprojekthi zentlalo ezizahlukeneyo kwaye wapapasha umsebenzi "wempilo", ogxeka inkqubo yongxowankulu.
Ngo-1960, isayensi saba lilungu letheko loluntu lwaseMelika kwaye waze wabhala iNkqubo yeNkqubo enokuthi amaqela abe emva kweengxabano ezinde ezaliwe. I-Erich i-ofm ifundela abafundi bafundi, beqwalaselwe imisebenzi yesayensi kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimidlalo. Elinye i-psychoanalyst kunye neyenzululwazi yamenyelwa kwiyunivesithi eNew York naseMichigan.
I-AFRMA IMisebenzi YOBUNGOZI EBONAKALAYO. I-Wisseller yaba yincwadi ethi "Indiza kwiNkululeko", epapashwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1940. Inzululwazi iphononongile iinguqu kwi-psyches kunye nokuziphatha komntu kwiimeko zenkcubeko yaseNtshona, kuthathelwa ingqalelo umnqweno wakhe wobuntu obukhokelela kwisizungu. Ukuqwalaselwa ngokukodwa emsebenzini wakhe uhlawule ixesha loHlaziyo kunye neemfundiso zabafundisi bezakwalizwi zikaJean Calvin noMartin Luther.
Ngo-1947, iSayensi yabhala ngokuqhubeka kwesifundo esaziwayo sokubaleka kwinkululeko, simbize ngokuba "yindoda ngokwakhe," eyaye yaqulunqa imfundiso yokuzibulala kwabantu kwixabiso leNtshona. U-Erich of Erem wabona unobangela wee-neuroses ekulooyisweni komntu kumzabalazo wenkululeko, kwaye umsebenzi we-psychoshalysis obizwa ngokuba yinyaniso ngaye.
Ebudeni bowe-1950s, umsunguli wengqondo yengqondo yaseburhulumenteni epapashwe incwadi ethi "Impilo Yesempilweni", apho waphakamisa isihloko sobudlelwane phakathi koluntu nangomntu. Kule msebenzi, i-Erich ism izamile "ukuxolelanisa" iingcinga ezichaseneyo ze-sigmund freaud neKarl marx. Eyokuqala kukholelwa ukuba umntu ngokwemvelo ngummandla, owesibini - ukuba umntu osisilwanyana sikawonke-wonke ". Le ncwadi yaba ngumveleli waseTely osenyongweni, owathi bayo iikowuti. Omnye wazo:
"Kwinkulungwane ye-Xix. Ingxaki yayikufa kaThixo; Kwi-xx-yintoni umntu afileyo. "Ukuphonononga i-psychology kunye nokuziphatha kwengqondo yomntu kwiindawo kunye namazwe, i-psychoanalyst igqibe kwelokuba ukubulala okuncinci kwenziwa kwamanye amazwe ahluphekayo. I-cinema, unomathotholo, umabonwakude, i-freekson iziganeko ezibizwa ngokuba "ziindlela zokuzigcina kwiziphazamiso zentshona kwiiveki ezi-4, emva koko amawaka afunyaniswe ene-neurosis.
Ebudeni bowe-1960s, i-frome yanika abalandeli umsebenzi omtsha, ogama lingu "umphefumlo womntu". Encwadini, i-Psychologist yengqondo igxile kwisiseko sobubi. Ngengqondo ethile, lo msebenzi uye waqhubela phambili komnye, obizwa ngokuba "luthando". Ukuxambulisana ngohlobo lobubi, i-Erich engu-Erich igqibe kwelokuba ubundlobongela yimveliso yomnqweno wokulawula, hayi iintlungu ezinobungozi kakhulu kwaye zingaphi abantu abaqhelekileyo abagxile kwizandla zabo.
Ngeminyaka yee-1970, i-Erich i-Erich, ukuqhubeka nokuhlalutya iingxaki zexesha, wakhupha umsebenzi "we-anatomy yentshabalalo yoluntu", apho imeko yohlobo lomntu intshabalalo iphuhlile.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando lwaluphele kubudala base-Erich of Erich ucacisile ukunqongophala kobushushu bobuntwaneni. Inkosikazi yokuqala yenzululwazi eneminyaka engama-26 ubudala yabakhonza iqabane likaFrida Reichmann, onentetho ye-psychoanalysis.
I-Fereda Itm yayihlala iminyaka emi-4 kuphela, kodwa lo mfazi wayenempembelelo yokusekwa kwendoda yakhe. Emva kokuhluka, bahlala bezihlobo, kwaye baqhawule umtshato ngeminyaka yee-1940, xa i-Erich idibana noKaren Horni.
I-fegraist odumileyo kunye ne-psychoanalyst ye-ronneyst ihlala ingena kubudlelwane bothando kunye noogxa, ngokuchaseneyo kunyulo. Ngamanye amaxesha, uKaren wayenezithanda ezininzi kwangaxeshanye, ngamnye kubo ugqibe iimpawu ezilahlekileyo zokuphumla.
U-Karen no-Erich baqhelene eBerlin. Inoveli iqaqanjelwe eMelika, apho bafudukela khona. I-Horney eqeqeshiweyo i-Pesmchoanalysis, yi-Asiya yakhe yentlalo. Inoveli yayingakhange ithweswe isithsaba, kodwa izazinzulu zigqibile ulwazi omnye komnye kwaye zifuthe ngakumbi ukukhula.
Okwesibini, utshatyalaliswe iminyaka engama-40. Inkosikazi yakhe yaba yiminyaka eli-10 ubudala iHenney Gurland, umfoti kunye nentatheli. UHenny wayenesifo esibuhlungu. Ukulungiselela iintlungu zeqabane, kwiNgcebiso yeGqirha yafudukela kwisiXeko saseMexico. Ukufa kwentanda yakhe ngo-1952 wothuka inzululwazi. Ukuhlala neGururland, i-Psychoasanalyst yaseJamani yayinomdla kwi-Mystics naseZen Buddhism.
Ndikwazile ukujamelana noxinzelelo lwe-Erich, ndidibene no-Anis Frimen. Waba ngumfazi kuphela obhinqileyo owayesemncinci.
Ngokudibeneyo, amaqabane ahlala iminyaka engama-27 ubudala, de kwaswelekelwe kwinzululwazi. UAndice waseMelika waphefumlela umyeni wakhe ukuba abhale uthando lwesayensi "lothando lobugcisa."
Ukufa
Ngaphantsi kwekhethini le-1960s, i-Erich i-ofma yafumana ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo. Ebudeni-1970s, inzululwazi yesayensi yafudukela eSwitzerliyo Cornue, apho waphumelela kule ncwadi ukuya ku "unayo". Ngo-1977 nango-1978, i-Bibrom yayinenkunkuma yesibini neyesithathu.
Intliziyo ye-psychoanalyst yengqondo edumileyo yaya ngo-1980. Ukuya kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-80 ye-Erich of Erich i-ofm ayizange iphile kwiintsuku ezi-5.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1922 - "umthetho wamaYuda. Kwintlalo -dy ye-Diaspora Jamry "
- Ngo-1941 - "Inkululeko yeNdiza"
- Ngo-1947 - "Umntu Wedwa"
- Ngo-1949 - "Indoda noMfazi"
- Ngo-1950 - "Psychoanalysis kunye nenkolo"
- Ngo-1951 - "ulwimi olulityelweyo. Intshayelelo kwinzululwazi yokuqonda kwamaphupha, iintsomi kunye neentsomi "
- Ngo-1955 - "Impilo Yesempilweni"
- Ngo-1956 - "Uthando lobugcisa"
- Ngo-1962 - "kwelinye icala lokukhohlisa isikhonza. Njengoko bendidibana neMarx kunye ne-freud "
- Ngo-1968 - "Indalo yomntu"
- Ngo-1970 - "Ingxaki ye-psychoanalysis"
- Ngo-1973 - "I-AnatoMY YOKWENZA UMNQOPHISO"
- Ngo-1976 - "unaba"
- Ngo-1979 - "omkhulu kunye nomda wethiyori kaFreud"
- Ngo-1981 - "Ukungathobeli kunye nezinye izincoko"