Biography
I-Adventured yekamva yazalwa ngamaxesha apho i-chikiccopu yendawo yokuhlala ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokufanelekileyo i "capital yolonwabo": iindawo eziphezulu, nangona kukho iimbono zolondolozo, kodwa zihliselwe ngokuzolileyo iziphene kunye nokhenketho ezikhulileyo. Isixeko semveli saseKazanov, kwisikhokelo sotyelelo olunobukroti, sityelele ii-aristocrats ezincinci, ezazitsala izindlu zokungcakaza, i-Kutusaani kunye ne-carnival edumileyo. Kule meko ilula, enye yezona zinto zaziwayo ze-18 zenkulungwane zakhula.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJacomo Dzhirolamo Kazanova wazalwa eVenice nge-2 ka-Epreli, 1725. Wayengumntu olininzi kubantwana abahlanu i-orrector ye-farter faisussi kunye nomdanisi weGaetano Giuseppe caseanov. Kuyaziwa ukuba abazalwana ababini - uFrancesco Giuseppe noGiovanni Battista - baba ziipeyinti, enye, uGaetano Alvizo, wayengumbingeleli. Oyena dade 'waseGiacomo mariaria Magdalene utshatele imvumi yenkundla kwaye wasebenza njengomdanisi kwi-Dresden Theatre.
Iinyani ezidumileyo zemvelaphi ye-Jacomo Casanov ebungalisa uhlelo lwe-armenia.im ebuzwayo. Kwelinye lamanqaku alo ngo-2017, abasebenzi baqhuba uphando, ekupheleni kwendlela egqitywe ukuba i-adventurer - iArmenian ngesizwe. Impapasho inika ingxelo yokuba i-Arsanova ivele eVenice ngenkulungwane ye-18, ukongeza, yayinguJakomo owaziqonda ngemicimbi yokugxothwa kwabathengisi baseArmenia kwirhafu kwisixeko saseArmenia.
Ezona zinto ziphambili kupapasho zakhiwe kwinto yokuba unxibelelwano nabarhwebi baseKazan kwakufuneka bazi iArmenia yaseArmenia. Ababhali-mbali bayaqinisekile ukuba uJacomo wayenokuthetha nabarhwebi nakwisiTaliyane sabo saseTaliyane, kwaye "ugqatso lwaseArmenia" lalingeyiyo yonke i-casanova, kodwa uNosanovan. Banxibelelana njani la magama mabini? Inyani yile yokuba "Casa Nova" esuka e-Italian kuthetha ngokufana "ne-tun" evela eArmenia - ikhaya elitsha. Akukho bungqina bubaluleke kakhulu kwe-hypothesis enobuzwe.
Utata uJacomo wasweleka xa wayeneminyaka eyi-8. Umama wazuza iYurophu, ke umntwana wachitha inkwenkwe echithwe nomakhulu wakhe wamakhulu. Umntwana waphuhliswa ukona kwempumlo, ke ngomhla we-9 wokuzalwa, wayekwipension padua ukuba alawule. Kwenye yeencwadi zakhe, wayedla ngokubhala ukuba lo msitho waba sisimanga esingathandekiyo. UYakobi wabonakala ukuba amsuse.
Iimeko zobomi bepenshoni zinikele boyikeka. Inkwenkwe icele ukukhathalela utitshala wakhe wokuqala - i-abbot gotszi, eyamfundisa iSayensi noMculo. Ukususela ngo-1734 ukuya kwi-1737, iCasanova yayihlala kwintsapho yombingeleli. Apho, uyathandana nodade omncinci uGozini, uBettina.
IKazanova yayisuka kwindalo is smart, ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifundwa ngokulula. Kwiminyaka eyi-12, wangena kwiYunivesithi yasePadan, ephumelele kwiminyaka emi-5, efumene inqanaba legqwetha. Njengoko ebhalela kamva imibhalo, umsebenzi wawungamlinganisi, kodwa umlondolozi waseGotzi wayenethemba lokuba uJacomo wayeba yigqwetha lecawa.
Inzululwazi, enomdla ye-cassanov, ogqirha. Umfana othile wanqwenela ukuba ngugqirha, kodwa ikamva lokugqibela lagqiba ngokwahlukileyo. Kwiminyaka yobudala, uJakomo wabonisa umdla ekungcakazeni ngemali: Bazifumana ngokukhawuleza kumatyala kwaye bafuduselwa ukuba bancokole nonyokweni wakhe. Kodwa akazange achaphazele isiyobisi- uthando lwakhe ngomdlalo lwalusekwe kuphela.
Umsebenzi
Emva kokuphumelela, wabuyela kwidolophu yakhe waza wahlala kwigqwetha lecawa. Ukubonakala kuye ngelo xesha yabela umfana othile kwindimbane. Imehlo amnyama, ngocoselelo ngononophelo, ukunyuka kwe-1.87 M - idatha ivumele ukuba akhawuleze afumane i-patron, i-venice senator alparo farparo farparo farparo farparo farparo phapro malimi. Ufundise umfana one-Etiquette kunye neendlela zeshishini.
Umsebenzi wecawa akazange enze, ade akwazi ukutyelela amatyala. UGiacomo wagqiba kwelokuba athenge ipatent yakho: iyalele iyunifomu emhlophe ebonakalayo enama-Eaps yegolide evela kumsila, wathenga i-saber ende. Olu hlobo lomhle lufuna ukulwa nabemi bedolophu. Kodwa umsebenzi wasemkhosini wawunenkxalabo kakhulu i-adventurist, kwaye waphulukana nomvuzo wakhe.
I-Casanova ishiya inkonzo kwaye icwangciswe nguRelinist kwiSamuel Theatre, apho wathatha inxaxheba khona ngokuhamba kwakhe nokuzonwabisa. UGiacomo waqonda ukoyika ubomi, kodwa akazange abone indlela eyahlukileyo. Ngelixa ngenye imini, ulwazi lweyeza aluvumelanga ukuba atshintshe ubomi: Wayekwigondola enye nge-sentor giovanni diagadina. Igosa libi, kwaye iKazanova yabonelela ngoncedo lokuqala.
USenator wamisela uReferere yakhe ngenkqubo yakhe, efuna ukwenza umntu onentlonelo nabafundisiweyo. Kodwa kazanova wayeyithanda indlela yokuphila engasebenziyo kunye nokungcakaza, okungenakuziphelisa. UGiovanni walumkisa ukuba loo ndlela yokuziphatha iya kuphela kakubi, kwaye ilungile. Ngomzobo ongendawo wotshaba wakhe, awathi uJacomo onenkampani ethululelwe kwisidumbu, watyholwa ngokunyelisa. Ukoyika intolongo, i-casanova ibaleka kwiParma.
Ngo-1749 uhambo olukwi-Itali, lukhokelela kwindlela yokuphila etyibilikayo, emva koko iya eParis. Endleleni, uphinda ancamathele ukuthanda ulonwabo.
EFrance, waphila iminyaka emibini, wafunda ulwimi, kodwa umfanekiso wobomi bakhe utsala ingqalelo amapolisa, ke iCastanova yagqiba kwelokuba iye eJamani, emva koko ukuya eOstriya. Ngenxa yoko, iphinda ibuye kwakhona eVenice: Iitrakks kunye nezikhonkwane ziya zisibanjiswa nangakumbi.
UJacomo uya entolongweni yamabanjwa ezopolitiko, watyholwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene nokholo. Nangona kunjalo, iKazanov ikwazile ukubaleka, hayi ngaphandle koncedo lwabahambi bayo. I-Adventurer ibuyela eYurophu kwakhona. UJacomo wagqiba kwelokuba aziphathe ngakumbi, wayebonakala ngathi yi-alchemist, wayeqhelene noJean Jasseau noMadame de Pompar.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukudibana okokuqala nabantu besini esahlukileyo kwiKazanov kwenzeka kwiminyaka eli-11 ubudala, endlwini katitshala waseGotzi. Intanda yayingudadewethu omncinci womputho. IKazanova kwiiMemoiners iya kuyichaza njengento entle, eyonwabileyo nenomdla. Yayiyintombazana eyayihamba entliziyweni yomnqweno odumileyo weemvakalelo, eziya kuba zezona zinto ziphambili ze-giacomo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-Betina etshatileyo i-casanova igcine iimvakalelo ezifudumeleyo ngobomi bakhe.
Emva kwemvakalelo yokuqala, uthando kunye nolwalamano olusondeleyo lwe-casanov lwalungakhange lubenengxaki. Kwimemori, wabhala ukuba olona phando luphambili lwabuziva luziva kunye neziyolo. Nangona kunjalo, iKazanova yayihlala inobuqili, isebenzisa "i-caps yokhuseleko", yeyayibona le ndoda ngaphambili, ilahle. Ukuzithwala ngokwakhe nabantwana kwizicwangciso zakhe bekungafakwanga.
Unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo, ngokutsho kweGiacomo, lwalunokuba namanqanaba amane: ekuqaleni wafumana umfazi, ongonelisekanga sisithandwa sakhe, wamsindisa kubunzima. Emva kokulandela, waliphosa inenekazi, izithuthi ezibalekayo. Kumjikelo wokugqibela kobudlelwane, isithandwa, ukuphulukana nomdla kumfazi, wamthoba ngendoda esisityebi okanye watshata. UDzhacomo ngokwakhe wayengatshatanga.
Uninzi lweendlela zakhe ezichazwe kwiimemo. Ababhali-mbali bayaqonda ukuba amabali agcwele ukungachaneki, kusenokwenzeka ukuba wagqithisa, kodwa i-canvas inyani. Yinkumbulo eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukucinga ukuba ingaba baninzi kangakanani abafazi kwiKazanov-ubuncinci i-120, ngaphandle, kwiindawo ezininzi zememo, umbhali phakathi kwamadoda.
Ukufa
Ngenxa yoomatshini bezemali, iKazanov ifumene i-silk manf eFrance. Kodwa ishishini lakhe alinamdla: Uchithe uninzi lwenzuzo ngothando olungenazinzwano eziphantsi kwabangaphantsi, wabaguqula kwi-harem. Kwaye kwakhona amatyala, kwaye ubuye ukwebaleka. Iminyaka yokubhabha yayingadluleli ngaphandle komkhondo weGiacomo: Emva kokuba efumene isifo esine-veneal, umntu onomdla wabuyela eVenice.
Kwakungekho uqhagamshelo apho akusekho msebenzi kwabasetyhini. IKazanova yayihlala ngokuhlawula imibuzo-bahlawula imali ye-Espionage. Ngamafutshane, uqokelele ukuhleba ngabemi, balungisa ingxelo yabo malunga namandla.
Kule minyaka, uConova waqala ukubhala imisebenzi ye-satirical, eyokucoca abahlali basekuhlaleni. UDzhacomo walungiselela ukubanjwa, ke kwakhona isigqibo sokuphuma kwi-Intejice.
Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bukaKazanova yayisebenza njengethamsanqa lethala leencwadi kwinqaba yeDux, kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech. Uyilo lube kukuphela kwexesha. Indoda isweleke ngeminyaka engama-73, kude nelizwe lakhe, ishiya imisebenzi engama-20, eyona nto iphambili kuzo iizezila zebali lobomi bam. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-6, wabhala iinkumbulo, kwaye wayengenalo ixesha lokuzigqiba: 3 500 Abahleli emva kokumka kwe-giacomo ebomini kwahlulwa ngokwahlukeneyo.
Umfanekiso kwinkcubeko
Umfanekiso we-casanov kwinkcubeko usasebenza: Iifilimu ziyasuswa, babhala iingoma-i-dumo elinjalo inegalelo kwimemo esele. Ifani yeGiacomo yajika yaba ligama elithi "Igama lesidlaliso" iKazanova "idla ngokunika abafana abahlala betshintsha intanda.
Malunga namanqaku akhe abalinganiswa abathi "Malume balala" f.m. I-Dostoevsky kunye "neNekley Deak" A. I-Pushkin. Umbhali odumileyo azinikezele kwi-casanov yonke kunye neencwadi: R. I-Deman, M. Tsvetaeva, A. Levnitser kunye ne-Lavnitser kunye ne-Lavnin-College no-MARCO ESISA.
I-adventurer ivela phambi kwabaphulaphuli kwiimovie ezininzi kunye nemiboniso. Eyokuqala kwizikrini zeTV kumfanekiso kaJacomo wavela ngo-1927, uIvan MoozukHukhukin, kwi-cinema "yakhe" yeKazanova ".
Ngo-1976, ifilimu yoMlawuli wase-Italiyane wabini "Kazanova Femarico Wininu" wanikwa ipremiyamu ye-Oscar yeyona nto iphambili yomculi wefilimu, kunye ne-Masterpore ". Umfanekiso wamanenekazi amanenekazi.
Ngo-1987, indima yeCasanov yenziwa nguRicard Chammbur, kwaye ngo-2005 kukho uthotho apho i-jakomo yayibonisa iqhawe elincinci, uPeter Otul-umlukhuni wobudala. Umbukeli wale mihla ukhumbula ifilimu ye-Lasesstrama "Kazanova", eyakhutshwa ngo-2005. Indima ephambili kwiteyiphu yenziwa ngokubetha ice.
Umfanekiso kaGiacomo wavela kwiingoma zomculo, umzekelo, "Casanova" ye-cello kunye ne-orchestra yombhali waseDatshi uJohan uJohan Da Maya wafumana indawo yokuqala kukhuphiswano loMqambi wowe-1999. Ewe, iintonga nganye zaseRussia ze-incendaries hita ivhalery leontiev inikezelwe kwi-casanov:
"Ndingumgibe onesizungu sothando lwe-casanova!"Iifilimu
- Ngo-1927 - "Kazanova"
- Ngo-1943 - munchhausen
- Ngo-1948 - "Cavalier engaqondakali"
- Ngo-1969 - "ebuntwaneni, ukubiza kunye novavanyo lokuqala lukaJacomo Casanova, Venetian"
- Ngo-1976 - "Kazanova Federico wawani
- Ngo-1981 - "Kazanova"
- Ngo-1982 - "Ihlabathi Elitsha"
- 2006 - "Iimpawu zothando"
- Ngo-1987 - "Kazanova"
- 1992 - "ukubuya kwe-casanov"
- Ngo-2002 - "Ulutsha olusemncinci lwe-casanov"
- Ngo-2005 - "Kazanova"