Biography
I-Vitus Iiring yenye yeencwadi zezinto ezifunyanwayo, obomi bakhe obufuzisile isibindi kunye nokuzinikela. Ukususela kwiminyaka encinaneni yoMhambi inomdla kwinto yamanzi. Ngenxa yonxano lolwazi kunye nobuchule bamadoda, uhambo lokuqala lwe-Maritime lwenzekile, nto leyo eyazisa isihloko esithi "cragraphy" kwi-Russian State.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biegraphy ye-bithener enkulu yaqala kwidolophu yamahashe, esekwe kwinenekazi elincinci. Inkwenkwe yazalwa nge-2 ka-Agasti (ngokwesitayile sakudala - Agasti 12) 1861. UVitus waba ngumonga wesithathu kusapho lwe-aristocrat ye-Aristocrat ka-Anna Pering kunye ne-Ioas Svendesen.
Igama negama lenkwenkwe elafunyanwa ngunina. Ngaphandle kwemeko yemali ebuhlungu yosapho, i-pedigree Ana Peedduatter inokudlala inkonzo elungileyo ye-vitus kwixesha elizayo.
Igama elingaqhelekanga yayingumrhumo kwinkumbulo yomzalwana osekupheleni kukamama, owayedume ngenkonzo kwinkundla yasebukhosini. Ukudibana ngokupheleleyo kwegama kwakusisizathu sokuba abantu bexesha lexesha lexesha lexesha elifanelekileyo lihamba namanqaku amalunga ne-navigator ngeefoto ezingachanekanga, abameli abanesidima sentsapho enye.
Abazali babaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni abantwana, ngoko ke uVitus usanda iDiploma kunye nopelo. Inkwenkwe ityelele isikolo, eyayikwisitrato esinye, apho yayikhona indlu yomzali. Ngaphandle kokukholwa, umntwana okokuqala wabaleka kwizifundo ukuya ezibuko. UVitus uchithe ixesha elininzi ukuze incoko kunye noomatiloshe abaxelele ukubopha malunga nokufika kolwandle.
Kwiminyaka eli-14 ubudala, kwangoko emva kokuphumelela, uVitus wabhala umhambisi kwinqanawa yamaDatshi. Umhambi oselula watyelela iziqithi zeCaribbean kwaye wachitha ixesha elininzi e-Ost-India. Ukuqonda ukuba akukho lwazi lwaneleyo lokwakha umsebenzi, uVitus waya elunxwemeni eAmsterdam, apho wangena khona ngokulula kwiCadet yolwandle.
Izinto ezifunyenwe
Ukugqitywa kwesifundo sokuphangazwa kwe-bering conced kunye nomdla kaPeter owokuqala kuphuhliso lwe-marine yobugcisa. Iarhente, olwamenze umsebenzi wabezingcali zangaphandle, waza kwangoko kwi-vitus, eyayikuvula umlinganiswa ohlaziyiweyo kunye nokuvezwa, kuyimfuneko kulwandle.
Ngo-1704, i-beriring efudukela eRussia, apho wakhawuleza wafudukela kwiladi yomsebenzi. Kodwa emva kwenkonzo yeminyaka engama-20 iphawulwe kuphela ngeempawu ezintle kunye namabhaso, umbhaso wakhe warhoxa. Ababhali-mbali bayaxoxa ukuba unobangela wolo mthetho ikratshi ye-bering. Le ndoda ayizange ifumane isihloko se-palain yenqanaba le-1, malunga nokuba lo gama uhambo olubi kakhulu.
Izinto ezifunyaniswe yindawo kaVitus ezukileyo, zenzekile ngexesha lohambo lokuqala lweKamchatka. Ngo-1724, ngoPeter uPeter iFleet yokuqala yaseRussia yaqhubeka ngophando lwamazwe amatsha. Olona ngcali luza kujamelana nomsebenzi onzima onzima wajika waba ngumrhanki.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu, indoda iphononongiwe yaza yalungisa iibhanki ze-chukotka nase Kamchatka kwimephu. IIMPAWU ZOKUGQIBELA ZENZA ISIQINISEKISO SOKUGQIBELA EYENZIWEYO EARIKI ESIFANELEKILEYO KWI-Asiya, kwaye iKamchatka ayifani neJapan. I-ALIS, iziphumo ezinomtsalane ezinomtsalane azifumananga ingqalelo efanelekileyo kwi-admiralty.
Amagosa agqiba kwelokuba ukubhabha kwakungazithembi ngethemba kwaye azalisekiseke kakubi imiyalelo yokumkani. Konke ukubaluleka kwe-vitus fumanisa ukuqinisekisa ukupheka kukaJames, oye waqhelana nomphathi we-2578. Umsebenzi obonakalayo ongumNgesi obizwa ngokuba yi-strait phakathi kwe-Eurasia neMelika kwimbeko yomNadigator, owayengazi ngokobuqu.
Uhambo lwesibini lweKamchatka sele ludibene kwiphulo le-vitus, ukuzithemba kwimfuno yokufunda iSiberia, iMpuma Ekude nakunxweme lwelwandle. Ngeli xesha iJografi yesifundo kunye nemisebenzi esekwe phambi kwezithuthi yayinde kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukubhadula kugqitywe ukuqhubeka nokuhamba ngeenqanawa ezimbini.
Umyalelo wesibini wenqanawa wanikwa i-Alexey Chirikov. Le ndoda yenza imisebenzi yomncedisi womncedisi kwi-Kamchatka yokuqala kwaye yafumana ukuzithemba okungenamda. Izicwangciso zabaphandi yayikukufundela iSiberia, yeza eKamchatka kwaye ingene kunxweme lwaseMntla Merika ukuya kuziqhelanisa neenkcukacha ezinxibelelene kakhulu.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngexesha lohambo lwesibini laseKamchatka, uVitus ebhabha wayehamba nomfazi nabantwana. Emva ngo-1713, umkhweli uNavigator wagqiba umtshato nentombi yomrhwebi e-vybog - uAnna Christina Puulse.
Ekuqaleni, iqabane eliselula lizolile ngokuzolileyo intanda yokuhamba lolwandle. Umfazi ngokwakhe wayezibandakanya kuqoqosho kwaye wakhulisa abantwana.
Kwiminyaka eli-18 yokuqala yomtshato, kwazalwa ama-4 ubudala, kwaye kuphela esindileyo: noJonas, uTomas, uAnton noAnna Helga.
Ngexesha lentombi yakhe, uAna u-Ana chastine wayediniwe kukungabikho komyeni wakhe. Ukushiya uJonas evuthiweyo kunye noThomas kwinkathalo yezalamane eVyborg, ibhinqa laqokelela, iChina, laya ehamba nomyeni wakhe.
Ukufa
Xa bemka iAvachin Bay ukuya eMntla Melika, inqanawa "UPeter uPeter", owayekhokela i-Bering, walahleka kulwandle oluvulekileyo. Imozulu embi ayivumelanga ukumisela indawo yenqanawa, kwaye i-qing qing qing yaqala ukutshabalalisa abasebenzi besitya.
Omnye wangokuzalwa wokuzalwa ongathandekiyo wokuzalwa. Ndide ndivakalise ubuthathaka, umphandi akazange ashiye ulawulo lwenqanawa. Umtya ongalindelekanga wendawo egqunywe likhephu kwi-the the the the the the themba losindiso.
Kodwa nge-8 kaDisemba, 1741, inyanga emva kokumka elunxwemeni, uVitus ebolile ekugqibeleni waphulukana namandla ayo wasweleka esweleke. Le ndoda yangcwatyelwa kwisiqithi esingachazwanga, esenzelwe ikamva kwimephu njengesiqithi se-Bering.
Ngo-1991, iqela elikhethekileyo lezinto zakudala lafumana intsalela ye-vitus. Uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lwenze ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kwenzeke ukuba isifo esingaziwayo sibangelwa kukusweleka komhambi, ukungafani neempawu kwi-zing.
Ngokuka-Olga Sotnikova, iPravoda Matirosoi Satnikov, ohamba phantsi komyalelo wokurhangqa, umhambi omkhulu wabulawa ngabaphantsi kwakhe. Ngenxa yoqhawulo-mtshato oluhle, obangele ukuba iqela eliqingqiweyo leqhinga, "Iqela elithi" Stter "lalikwisiqithi esingafunekiyo, apho angakwazi ukufumana ukutya nendawo yokuhlala.
Oomatiloshe abanomsindo bangcwaba umphathi wabo ophilayo emhlabeni. Kodwa uhlalutyo lwethambo le-skeleton olwenziweyo aliqinisekisi ithiyori. Ngo-1992, iintsalela ze-navigator kunye neelwandle ezingaziwayo zabuyiselwa emhlabeni kwintsimi ye-Commander Bay.
Imemori
- Ngo-1818, iKamchatka (okanye iBobrovaya) Ulwandle lwaqala ukubhekiswa kwi-Bering.
- Ngo-1937, i-Geographic Eric Khulten iphakamise i-Beria, equka i-berit ye-Bering, i-bering kunye nolwandle lwe-chukchi kunye nenxalenye ye-Kamchatka kunye nenxalenye yeAlaska.
- Ngo-1945, isikhumbuzo esiya kwi-Navigator esekwe ePetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, ewise isixeko.
- Ngo-1957, kwi-Bering Seay ngembeko yomhambi, elalini "Beriovsky" wabizwa. Ngaphambi koku, indawo yokuhlala ibizwa ngokuba "ngamalahle".
- Ngo-1970, umboniso wobume bomlawuli uYuri Scholisero "I-Ballad kwi-Bering kunye nabahlobo bakhe" bapapashwa kwizikrini.
- Ngo-2006, i-Kamchatka State Dedagogical Instical Instical Institute malunga nemiyalelo yomphathiswa ibizwa ngokuba yiCampga egama linguVitus.
- Ngo-2016, ukuhlonipha isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-275 yokuvulwa kwe-Command Islands, ukukhula kwetyala lokubhalwa kwebhunga lokubhabha. Isikhumbuzo sikwindawo yeSiqithi seBering Island (i-nikolskaya ilali).