Biography
Umbuzo wendima ka-Andrei Kurbsky kwimbali yaseRussia kuyavulwa. Uhambo olunendlela efanayo lubizwa ngokuba ngumlo ngengcinezelo kunye nomlandeli wokumkani. Inkxaso esondeleyo ye-Ivan Garzny ishiye iRus, kodwa, efuna ukuwela umlawuli, ndaqamba ukuba iileta zifumene umyalezo wokuphendula.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAndrei Mikhailovich ngunyana omkhulu kusapho lwaseMikhail Mikhailovich noMaria Mikhailovna Kurkkie. Isibini esitshatileyo sasijongwa njengoKumkani ophambili, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ubunzima obusisigxina obujikeleze itrone ayizange isebenzise inceba yomphathi. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kwesityebi songapheliyo, ifani eyaziwayo yayingangabi sisiqinisekiso sobomi obukhuselekileyo.
Ulwazi malunga nolutsha kunye nokufikisa kwe-kurbsky akukagcinwanga. Kukwaziwa kuphela ukuba nje ukuzalwa kuka-Andrei kusapho, uninzi lwabantwana ababini babonakala - abazalwana abaninzi uIvan naseRoma. Nokuba usuku lokuzalwa lukaFodarina (1528) baba yindawo kawonke-wonke enkosi kwi-Andrei Mikhailovices. Le ndoda yakhankanya isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwenye yezincoko zayo.
Ipolitiki kunye nephulo lomkhosi
I-biography eneenkcukacha ye-Kourby yaziwa ngeminyaka engama-21. Umfana othile wazibonisa ukuba wayengumqhinga obalaseleyo xa ethatha iKazan ngo-1549. Umfana onesibindi umtsalane utsala i-Ivan eyona imbi. Ukongeza kwi-merit yomkhosi, inkosi kunye ne-boydarin rodnil ubudala. UMlawuli wayenguKourbhi omncinci kangangeminyaka emi-2 kuphela, ngoko amadoda afumana ngokulula izinto eziqhelekileyo.Kule minyaka mithathu izayo, u-Andrei ovela kwiStilnik eqhelekileyo ifikelela kwisihloko serhuluneli. Intembelo epheleleyo ye-kurbsky ifumana emva koloyiso kwi-Khan Lartet Gyrey ngo-1552. Ukumkani wachukumiseka ngokukodwa ukuba, ngaphandle kwenxeba, iqhawe elincinci laphinda lahlala phantsi kwiintsuku ezisi-8 zehashe emva kokonzakala kakhulu.
Akumangalisi ukuba kungekudala uKurbsky ufumana isimemo sokujoyina i-rada ye-razn grozny ukuze ixubushe imicimbi yezopolitiko. Ndikunye ne-Adshev kunye neSylveter, umfana unceda inkosi ukuba icombulule iimeko ezinzima kwaye ithathe isigqibo malunga neBhodi.
Ingqumbo kubudlelwane kunye nelori yaseRhulumente yacaciswa emva koloyiso luka-Andrei Mikhailovich kwiMfazwe yaseLivonia. Iimbono zika-Ivan ombi kakhulu kwi-oxtivement eguqulwe kakhulu. Impumelelo kunye nezinto ezifunekayo zayeka ukudlala iinqobo zokudlala, kwaye zithintele ii-opals, i-iKurbatov yasaba eLithuania.
Isizathu sokwenyani sokubalekela asifakwanga. Abantu bexesha elidlulileyo: IKurbatov ibisoyika ubomi bakhe okanye inikezele ekwenzeni kakumkani waseSigimand-ka-Agasti, owayephupha ngokubuyisela umphathi. Kungekudala emva kokufuduka kweKurbatov kuzalisa uluhlu lweenkokheli zeLithuania kwaye wade wathetha ecaleni kotshaba oluchasene nezamaqela amandulo.
Ngomvuzo wokuvukela, inkosi yaseLithuania inikezelwa ngu-Andrei Mikhailovich sisixeko sejet kunye nepropathi esecaleni kwayo. I-Kurbsky ifumana idyasi entsha ye-Arm Armert, kwiflegi yakhe iboniswe yingulule nge-paw ephakanyisiweyo.
Ukuphelisa ukulangazelela ikhaya, indoda yamkelwa ukuze idluliselwe kwimisebenzi yentanda-bulumko. Ukongeza kufundisiso lwehlabathi le-Adaris, uAndrei Mikhailovich ubhala ileta eya kumhlobo wangaphambili - ivan grozny. Amadoda axoxa ngezimvo kwiingxaki zezopolitiko zezopolitiko nekamva lelizwe, kodwa azizange zize kwimbono eqhelekileyo.
Phantsi kwembono yemisebenzi ye-Maxim Grek, i-Kurbsbsky ibonisa iinyanga ezininzi ezibonisa izimvo zababoya be-boys kwimeko kaRhulumente. I-nkosi yangaphambili ityhila iileta zeshishini, apho umbono wakhe uvakalisa. Ngoonobumba kunye nemiyalezo yeVoivode icoca umlo ngengcinezelo kunye nokuzonwabisa kwenkosi engagungqiyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Igama lomfazi wokuqala u-Andrei Mikhailovich, alas, akasinda. Yaziwa ukuba xa isuka eRussia, umfana wanyanzelwa ukuba ashiye intanda yakhe kunye nezalamane zakhe. Ekunye nenkosikazi yakhe, indoda yaphosa unyana oneminyaka esithoba.
Wonke umsindo ka-Ivan osoyikekayo osondeleyo kwi-theative esondeleyo yayiwa kumngcatshi wakhe. Umama, umntwana kunye neqabane likaKurbsby lilolile kwinqaba, apho aba bafayo bafayo "ekulangazeleleni." Ikamva lomntakwenu ophezulu we-Andrei Mikhailovich igutyungelwe yimfihlo, yaze kamva yaba yinto yenkqubo yembali eyahlukeneyo.
Umtshato wesibini waseKuurbsky wayesele kwintsimi yeLithuania. I-intanda entsha yerhuluneli yabizwa ngokuba nguMaria Yuryzna Golzhanskaya. Eli bhinqa lavela kuhlobo olunempembelelo, elalinempembelelo kukumkani. IQHELEKILEYO le nyawuna kuphela kwento yokuba uMariya sele ekwazile ukuba ngumhlolokazi kwaye wazala oonyana ababini abasamkelayo iindaba ngomtshato omtsha kamama.
Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobudlelwane bamaqabane yayiyeyona ndlela ilungileyo, kodwa emva kwe-Andrei Mikhailovich epholileyo kuMariya, usapho lwaluswele kwizikrelemnqa. Inkqubo (eyenyama kunye nepropathi) ifikelele kukumkani, egqibe kwelokuba igqibe izikrelemnqa kunye namaqabane oqhawulo mtshato. Ngo-1578, emva kwecandelo elide lepropathi, inkqubo yomtshato yenzeka.
Kwaye emva konyaka, uAndrei Kurbsbyky watshata uAlexander Semashko. Kungekudala emva komtshato, amaqabane aza azalelwe unyana kaDmina nentombi kaMarina. Into kuphela eyakukhubeka komtshato wesithathu wendoda, - uMaria Golzhanskaya, ongakhange alingane nemibandela yesiphelo. Usabuza umhlaba lowo ngumyeni wangaphambili, Wathetha umntu, ngeendlela zonke.
Ukufa
Iminyaka edlulileyo yobomi beli lixa lezopolitiko kunye nomncedisi wangaphambili u-Ivan Grozny wadlula. Ukongeza kwi-golzhanskaya, ngequbuliso inqwenela ukubhengeza umtshato wesithathu kaKurbbsky ongekho mthethweni, u-Andrei Mikilovich walwa enkundleni kunye nabamelwane babo. I-PAN KRASCHSKY, eyatyala imali, yenqabile ukubuyisa ityala. Inkqubo edluliselwe kwinkundla yamatyala ayinikanga. Ukungqubana okungapheliyo kunye nee-scandals zidiniwe ngu-Andrei Mikhailovich.Indoda isweleke ebhedini yakhe kwinqaba yaseKovel. Ukusweleka kwenqanaba le-boyar phakathi kwe-2 ukuya kwi-23 kaMeyi 1583. Umngcwabo wabanjwa kummandla wemonki ongoka-Tria uNgcwele. Umzimba we-kourbi wangcwatyelwa emilenzeni kwi-Devesfes yakhe, utata ka-Alexander. Fumana umngcwabo wokuqulunqa umzekeliso wokwenene weRhuluneli, abembi bezinto zakudala baphumelela.
Imemori
Ixesha lika-Ivan Grozny alikwazi kodwa lenze umdla kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo. Eli xesha linzima iincwadi zeencwadi, iifilimu ezininzi kunye nemiboniso yeTV, omabini amaxwebhu kunye nobugcisa babhalwa.
Enye yezona projekthi zimangalisayo yayinguludwe lwe "Grozny", epapashwe ngo-2020. Indima ka-Ivan Grozny yahlulahlulwa nguAlexander Yatselo noSergey Makovetsky, kunye nomfanekiso ka-Andrei Kurbsky of Tottantin Kyryukov. UArthur Ivanov, Vitaly Khaev, iLlumnila Poyakova kunye nabanye abadlali nabo bakhwela kuluhlu.
I-Bibliography
- 1564-1679 - "Iileta ezine eziya kwi-Ivan Grozny"
- I-1581-1583 - "ibali le-KN. Veliky Moscow malunga nombingeleli, njengokuva amadoda athembekileyo kunye neevidiyo zamehlo ethu, "
- I-1586 - "Tale malunga ne-Logic" (Uhlelo lokuqala)
- I-1586 - "ukusuka kwezinye ii-spanin ze-spangelerberger malunga ne-sogim ityhala" (Uhlelo lokuqala)