Biography
UJean Calvin - Izakwalizwi yaseFransi, omnye wabameli bokuhamba kwenguquko, isithandi-sobulumko, kunye nomseko wemfundiso yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba "calvinism". Ubomi bale ndoda yayingelula, kodwa injongo kunye nokunyaniseka kwizimvo zabo zenza iJean calvin inani elibonakalayo lelo xesha.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Oosozelalelo bezakwalizwi elizayo kunye noMhlaziyi wazalwa nge-10 kaJulayi i-1509 kwintsapho yamaKatolika kaKatolika. Ilizwe laseKalvin liyindawo ye-nunyaon, ekwindawo yaseMantla eFrance. Utata wenkwenkwe uphumelele impumelelo njengonobhala webhishophu yasekhaya, kunye nomtshutshisi wemali.
Umama kaJean wasweleka xa wayesengumntwana, kwaye utata wakhe wayengasasebenzi ixesha lokukhulisa umntakwenu. Ke ngoko, uJean omncinci wanikwa phantsi kosapho olunye oluninzi, apho wafumana iziseko zemfundo zaza zangenisa izinto ezintle.
Kwiminyaka eli-14 ubudala, uJean Calvin ekunyanzelweni kukayise waya eParis ukuba afunde isayensi neyenzululwazi yaseburhulumenteni. Kwiminyaka yokufunda, umfana ongu-upodnarovarvar kwizidanga kwaye waba sisithethi esikrelekrele. Bambalwa abantu abasemncinci emva kokuba bethembele ekufundeni iintshumayelo kwenye yeepasi zecawa. Emva koko, ukufikelela uninzi, uCalvin (kwakhona, ukulandela ukuthanda kukaBawo) kwaqhubeka nemfundo.
Ngeli xesha, lo mfana waqala ukuqonda ubulumko bobuso, kwaye baphumelela izifundo, bafudukela kwi-orleans, apho wangena khona kubafundi kwigqwetha lasePierle. Ngaphandle kwempumelelo ecacileyo kule ntsimi kunye nokudumisa kwabacebisi abadumileyo, kwangoko emva kokusweleka kukatata, uJean Calvin washiya i-turiscprelince kunye nokubhenela kwimfundiso.
Lo mfana wafunda imisebenzi yabaNgcwele, ukholo lobuKristu, iBhayibhile, ukutolikwa kwayo kunye neenkcazo ngalo. Sele ngelo xesha, uJean Calvin wathabatha "ukucoca" kwecawe. UCalvin uCalvin wafumana inqanaba lesayensi lelayisi kwaye washumayela ngokufika kabini.
I-1532 kwi-biography kaJean Calvin yaphawulwa yimisitho emibini: Umfana wafumana isidanga sobugqirha, nakwimali yakhe imali yakhe ikhuphe unyango lokuqala lwezenzululwazi. La yayingamagqabaza kumsebenzi weFilo-bulumko ye-SVITI phantsi kwegama "malunga nolulamo".
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umlinganiswa kaJean wayeza kuba zizihobe zomfana oselula: Kwiminyaka engama-23 yayiyindoda eyindoda, yayikumthungela kwizimvo zakhe kwaye zilungele ukuzikhusela kuye kuphela. UJean Peoer wade wanika igama lesidlaliso ", oko kukuthi," icala "eliqokelelweyo", kwaye lalibizwa ngokuba "kukuziphatha."
Imfundiso
Ngokuthe ngcembe, uJean Calvin wangena kwiingcamango zoguquko. Impembelelo enkulu, ngokoluvo lwebhagrafi kunye nababhali-mbali, uMartin Luther (umsunguli wembono yokuhlengahlengiswa) wanikwa i-World Viagyan
Ngapha koko, lo mfana wayengaqhelekanga kwiziphoso ze-erasmus yase-Erasmus yaseRotterdam kunye ne-Lefevra D'etapl. Malunga nexesha elifanayo, eParis, uluntu olufanelekileyo lwabaxhasi beembono zohlengahlengiso baqala ukwenza, apho uCalvin wajoyina khona, kwaye emva kwenkokeli yeli qela.
Owona msebenzi uphambili wexesha eliphakathi kunye noluntu olupheleleyo, uJean Calvin wakuthathela ingqalelo ukuphathwa gadalala kwabefundisi, ababehlala. Kwakhona iimfundiso eziphambili zeCalvin zazisekwe kumbono wokulingana kwabo bonke abantu abaphambi koThixo nomthetho wehlabathi. Umhlaziyi akazange oyise ulwahlulo lwabefundisi, wade wagqiba kwelokuba akwazi ukusasaza intetho yakhe engafanelekanga "kwintanda-bulumko yamaKristu" ngokuprinta.
Inkululeko enjalo itsalela ingqalelo yabasemagunyeni abagubungele amehlo abo kwi-MZDPHIASSsm yeZicaka zeCawa kwaye babengenamdla wokupheliswa kwezinto ezimbi. UJean Calvin uye watshutshiswa, uMhlaziyi waqalisa ukukhangela kwiParis. Okwethutyana, indoda yayigutyungelwe ngabantu abanjengengqondo, emva koko uCalvin wafudukela eGeneva, apho wayeceba ukuchitha ixesha nje kuphela.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi zicwangciso zamiselwa ukuba zitshintshe: eGeneva Calvin yaphinda yadibana nabahlobo kunye nomncedisi ebusweni bomshumayeli kunye nemfundiso ye-ginome ye-pilome. Yaziwa ke imigudu yokugqibela, uJean Calvin wasazeka eGeneva, apho wayelibaziseka khona ngokuchaseneyo nezicwangciso zokuqala. Kungekudala malunga nemfundiso entsha, esele ifumene igama elithi "uCalvinism" esele likhona ngelo xesha, laziwa kude kube ngaphaya kwemida yeGeneva.
Emva kwexesha elithile, uCalvina kwafuneka akushiye le dolophu inobubele ngesizathu esinye njengelizwe liphela. Ooxamatshala bafudukela eStrasbourg - isixeko apho uninzi lwabahlali balandela khona amaProtestanti. Umzi, wafumana isifundo, wafumana isifundo, ukushumayela kunye nokufunda kwezinye zeetyhefu.
Kungekudala, uStrasbourg wathetha ngomvuzo omtsha, kwaye uCalvin wayifumana indawo esemthethweni kwaye uxolo ngomshumayeli, olwenza kakhulu ubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla. Ngo-1537, sele ibuyiselwe eGeneva, iJean Calvin yaphumelela kwi-Tecvin enkulu 'kwi-Cacilichism yeMithetho kunye ne-Peculatical Set ye "Calvinism", ebhekiswe kuzo zombini iicawa kunye nabemi behlabathi.
Le mithetho iguqukele ukuba ingqongqo kwaye ifuneke ngokungqongqo kwii-odolo ezintsha kwiSixeko, kodwa iBhunga leSixeko ixhasa uMhlaziyi, kwaye i-Catechism yamkelwa kwintlanganiso elandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, isithembiso, esasibonakala silungile, sakhawuleza saguquka yaba lizwi.
Ngexesha laxa eGeneva, enyanisweni, iJean calvin kunye nabalandeli bakhe baxhaswa ngamazwi okusweleka. Akabikho bantu bambalwa bagxothwa ngaphandle kwedolophu, abanye bahlala besoyika iNkundla yeNdawo kunye nabasemagunyeni: Ngelo xesha, ukuthuthumba kwakufuneka kwabemi banomhlaba oqhelekileyo.
Ngokuhambelana noJean Calvin wasebenza ngowona msebenzi ubalulekileyo ebomini, obizwa ngokuba "myalelo kwinkolelo yamaKristu." Lo msebenzi mkhulu waba yingqokelela yeencwadi, iintshumayelo, izifundo kunye nezincoko ezibonisa imibono yombhali, imiyalelo kwigumbi lokuhlala kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo. I-calvin iyonke yabhala imiqulu engama-57.
Eyona ngcinga iphambili, eyona njongo iphambili, elandelayo ngoku ngemisebenzi kaJean Calvin, kukwazi amandla kaThixo kuye wonke umntu. Ubukhosi bukaThixo, ngokutyula uCalvin, buthetha ukungathobeki komntu ngokupheleleyo kwiNkosi.
Kukhetho olunye kuphela olufumanekayo ebantwini-ukuba babe kunye noThixo okanye balahle ukholo kwaye basitshutshise kumgubo owoyikekayo emva kobomi basemhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, olu khetho, luqwalaselwe kwangaphambili calvin, lumiselwe kwangaphambili nguThixo. Ngobudala, uHlaziyo waba mnandi kakhulu, krwada kwaye unyamezelekile ukuba angamenzeki.
Ubomi Buqu
UJean Calvin wayetshatile. Ngo-1540, umzi wezakwalizwi wadityaniswa nebhinqa elinomfazi ogama linguSecelota Deuth.
Iqabane lakho linike abantwana abathathu, kodwa bonke basweleka kubudala, ngaphandle kokuvumela uCalvin ukuba afumane ukonwaba komzali. Kuyaziwa ukuba umfazi kaCalvin wawushiya ubomi bakhe phambi kwakhe.
Ukufa
Ngo-1559, uJean Calvin wathatha umkhuhlane owomeleleyo, kodwa washiya i-beddown kwaye eqhubeka esebenzayo. Emva kwexesha elithile, esi sifo siphinde saphinda sarhoxiswa, kodwa impilo yomfundi wezakwalizwi yayingcungcuthekiswa kakhulu.
Ngo-1564, ngexesha lentshumayelo elandelayo, iCalvin yawa, umlomo wale ndoda yahamba. Iinyanga ezintathu, iReformer ichithe ebhedini kwizityholo ezoyikisayo, kwaye nge-27 kaMeyi uCaan Calvin ayizange.
Inkqubo
- 1536 - "Ukufakwa Kwinkolo YamaKristu"
- 1543 - "phatha"