Biography
Ukuqaqamba kweentyatyambo, ukulula kwetekhnoloji, intetho - imifanekiso ye-French Artist henri matisse ichaphazela imvelaphi. Inkokeli ye-foesme izama iqela lemikhombandlela kubugcisa obubonakalayo ngaphambi kokufumana isitayela sayo, sibonakaliswe "ngu" zasendle ".Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ilizwe lomculi omkhulu yidolophu yaseNyakatho yeLe Cato-Khawuleza eFrance. Apha ngo-1869, izibulo, onguHenri Emil Bel Bensss wazalwa kwintsapho yabasebenzi abaphumeleleyo. Kwaxelwa ukuba umntwana axelwe kwangaphambili - ngelo xesha indlalifa yokuqala kulo ntsapho yayinyanzelekile ukuba ithathe umsebenzi kaBawo. Kodwa, kuyacaca ukuba, inkwenkwe yazuza ilifa imfuza yoomakazi eyamthanda ixesha lasimahla lokupeyinta ubugcisa beceram.
UHenri ulungiselele ikamva, wafunda esikolweni, ke eLiyceum. Ngapha koko, imeko, ngokuchasene nentando yeNtloko yeNtsapho, waya eParis ukuya kuziqonda iiSayensi zeZamthetho. Ngediploma, kude ne-ART, igody, apho wasebenza khona iinyanga ezininzi ngonobhala wenkundla.
Thatha isifo. Ibhayimu yokuyila yomculi onesiphiwo waqala ngo-1889, xa uHento Matisse wawela phantsi kwe-surgeon ksike i-surgeon kunye ne-viendicitis.
Ibuyiselwe emva kotyando iinyanga ezimbini. Ukuze unyana angaphoswa, umama wazisa izinto ezibhedlele esibhedlele ukuze azobe, kwaye uMatisse waqalisa ukongeza iiposikhadi. Ngeli xesha, lo mfana ekugqibeleni uyiqonda le nto ayifunayo ekunikeleni ubomi.
Ukupeyinta
Iphupha lokuba ngumfundi wesikolo seMetropolitan yobugcisa obuhle khange banikwe. Ukufika kwe-tyrit ye-Henri ayiphumelelanga, ngoko kwafuneka ndihlale kumaqela amanye amaziko emfundo, apho ndaqhelana khona nepeyinti ye-Aza. Kwaye ngo-1895, "inqaba" inikelwe-kunye nomculi odumileyo u-Albert Martis Matisse wangena kumculi wobugcisa, kwindibano yaseMoro gustas.
Kuluhlu lwemidla ekuqaleni kobugcisa bokuyila, ubugcisa banamhlanje babandakanyiwe, uHenri Matesse wayenokwazi ukufunda isiJapan. Uqiqa ngengqondo ye-Kostya Moro uthumele abafundi ukuba bafunde "ukudlala umbala" kwiLouvre, apho uYenri wazama ukuxelisa imizobo yeklasi, ukukopa imizobo. Inkosi yafundisa "iphupha lombala", ovela kumculi uMatisse, kwabakho inkanuko yokufumana amathunzi afanelekileyo ukuba adlulise iimvakalelo.
Kumsebenzi wokuqala, umxube weimfundiso zeMoro ezinezinto ezibolekwe kwiiMasters eyaziwayo zebrashi sele ibonisiwe. Umzekelo, uhleli "ibhotile" uSckidama "yahlulwe nguBubi: Kwelinye icala, imibala emnyama ichaza i-hlerden, kunye nemibala emnyama inika imivimbo ye-CHARDEN, kwaye imivimbo ebanzi kunye nomxube omnyama ngesilivere - mana. Emva koko, uHenri waqonda:
"Ndiyabona icala elicacileyo lombala ococekileyo. Ngokudlulisela imbonakalo yekwindla, andiyi kukhumbula ukuba yeyiphi imibala elungele eli xesha lonyaka, ndiza kundikhuthaza kuphela iimvakalelo ze-autumn ... ndikhetha umbala wesayensi, kodwa ngokubona kunye namava. "Ukufundisisa kwabaseKlasikini kuyayisa ngokukhawuleza umzobi, kwaye waguqukela kwababonisi, ngokukodwa, waqubuda kwii-canvas zikaVincent Wensen. Vag gogh. Umbala wemisebenzi yokuqala usadimkile, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe wafumana ijusion, imbonakalo yaqala ukuguqulwa ibe sisitayile sayo esikhethekileyo. Sele ngonyaka ka-1896, indalo yokuqala yomthamo wokuqala waqala ukuvela kwiiSalons zobugcisa.
Umboniso wokuqala ongakhange uvelise imbandezelo kwimijikelezo yeConoissers yobugcisa. UHenri Matisse wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye imali eyinkunzi yaseFrance kude emantla, apho wazama amandla kwi-Postere. Ngeli xesha, umsebenzi wobugcisa wokuqala - "ubunewunewu, uxolo kunye nolonwabo" uphume "phantsi kweentsiba zakhe. Kodwa le ndoda ayiyifumananga le ncwadi ileta "emvelweni."
Utshintsho kumsebenzi womculi lwafika kwango-1905. I-Matasise, kunye neqela labantu abanentliziyo efanayo, yenza isitayile esitsha ekupeyinta, esibizwa ngokuba yifovism. Amandla okupeyinta, oboniswe kumboniso eweni, wothuka abaphulaphuli. UHenri wazisa imisebenzi emibini-umzobo womfazi kwisigqoko kunye nomfanekiso "ovulekileyo Window".
Amagcisa athabathisa intshayelelo, iindwendwe zomboniso aziqondanga ukuba zingazihoyi zonke izithethe zobugcisa obuhle. Abasunguli besitayile bapeyintwe ngobutshinga, oko kukuthi, ukuthuthuza.
Nangona kunjalo, ingqwalaselo, i-Albit i-gore, ikhuphe iMatisse yokuthandwa kunye nezahlulo ezilungileyo: abalandeli bavela kwimizobo, ababethengile ngolonwabo. Umzekelo, "umfazi kwisigqoko" kwangoko kumboniso waseMelika uGertrud Stein, kunye neCanvas "uvuyo lobomi", olithenga ngo-1906, wathenga uMququzeleli odumileyo uLeo Stein.
Emva kwexesha elincinci, umcimbi obalulekileyo wenzekile - umculi wadibana nePaiclo Picasso okwangoku, kwaqhambuka kwiminyaka yobuhlobo, apho iinkosi zebrashi zikhuphisana. UPicasso wathi ukufa kwazo kuya kuba kuko konke ukuphulukana nayo yonke ilahleko, kuba ukuxoxa ngemibuzo yobugcisa ngokukhawuleza kangako.
Ezona zilwanyana zidumileyo - "umdaniso" kunye "nomculo" - uMatisse wabhala iPatron yaseSergei Schukin. Ipeyinti eyalelwa nge-Russian yeNdlu eMoscow. Umzobi, ukusebenza emaphethelweni, ubeke usukelo lokudala into elandelayo kwindlu eyenzekayo yaziva iluncedo noxolo. Okubangela umdla kukuba, ukufakelwa kwemifanekiso ye-Henri kulawulwa ngokobuqu - umFrentshi wafika kwikomkhulu laseRussia, apho kuthathwa khona okumnandi. Umzotha wawuchukumisa ukuqokelelwa kwee iconi zakudala zomnini weNdlu kunye nokulula kwamaRussia.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, umrhumo umculi waphila, kuba waqhubeka nohambo. Utyelele i-Algeria yase-Algeria eMpuma, kwaye wabuya ekhaya, wahlala phantsi ukuze asebenze - ukukhanya kubona umfanekiso "Blue nude". Olu hambo luye lwenza i-Stailse, izinto ezintsha zivela kubuchule, indoda ivele i-lichografi, ukrola kwi-ceramics kunye nomthi.
Umtsalane we-East akazange avumele, umFrentshi uqhubeke waqhelana ne-Afrika, ukufudukela eMorocco. Emva koko wahamba waya eYurophu naseMelika. Ngeli xesha, umsebenzi wakhe ngokuthe ngcembe waqala waphelelwa lujoliso, ukuhlalwa ngokufihlakeleyo kunye nobunzulu obukhethekileyo, kwabakho unxibelelwano nendalo.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, umzobi wafumana iOncology, emva kotyando Indoda ayinakukwazi ukushukuma. Ngelo xesha, uMatisse watyhila ulwalathiso olutsha kwicandelo le-Decoupge, esekwe ekuqulunqweni kwemizobo evela kwiipeyinti zephepha elipeyintiweyo.
Inqaku lomsebenzi kaHenri Matisse wabeka iprojekthi enkulu yoyilo loyilo lwenkozo yenkozo kwi-jeansel. Kuyatshiwo ukuba umculi abuzwe kuphela ukuba ahlele-kwimizobo, kodwa ngenzondelelo yomile kwaye wenza iprojekthi epheleleyo. Ngendlela, le ndoda isebenza njengophawu oluthile lokwenza ilanga ngobomi belanga kunye neyona nto ibalaseleyo kwi-piggy yebhanki yamagcisa.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu uHenri Matisse wahonjiswa abafazi abathathu. Ngo-1984, umzobi waqala waba ngutata-imodeli yeCarotro Eblo wazisa umpu onetalente nentombi yeMargarita. Nangona kunjalo, uHenton watshata kwale ntombazana.
U-Amelie Pareir waba liqabane laseburhulumenteni, apho umntu omele umhlaba wepeyinti edibene nomtshato we-comrade. Le ntombazana isebenza njengentombi yomtshakazi, kwaye uHenri watyala ecaleni kwetafile. U-Amelie wabetha uthando ekuqaleni, umfana waqalisa ukubeka imiqondiso. Le ntombazana yaba yindoda esondeleyo yokuqala eyayikholelwa kwitalente yayo ngaphandle kwemeko.
Ngaphambi komtshato womyeni walumkisa umtshakazi ukuba eyona ndawo iphambili ebomini iya kuhlala iwuthatha umsebenzi. Nokuba kwi-honeymoon, usapho olutsha lwasandul 'ukuya eLondon ukuze lwazi umsebenzi we-wiliam turner.
Emtshatweni, oonyana bakaJean-Gerard noPierre bazalwa. Abaxhasi bathathe usapho lwabo ekukhuliseni uMargarita. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, intombi nentombazana bahlala iindawo zemodeli eziphambili kunye nomculo womculi. Omnye wepeyinti edumileyo ezelwe kumfazi wakhe "yinto eluhlaza", ebhalwe ngo-1905.
Lo mfanekiso womfazi othandekayo wabetha emva koko connoissers "ububi". Abaphulaphuli bakholwa kukuba abameli be-foesma batyhutyha ukukhanya kweepeyinti kunye nenyani.
Kwincopho yokuthandwa, eye yafika kwi-30s, umzobi wayefuna umncedisi. IMatisse ngelo xesha nentsapho yakhe yafudukela emhle. Nje ukuba kubekho iLidiya yase-Russia oselula, eyaba nguNobhala womdwebi. Iqabane kuqala alizange libone ingozi kwintombazana leyo - umyeni wakhe akazange athande iblonde. Kodwa imeko iguquka kwangoko: Ukubona ngengozi iLidiya egumbini lokulala lomfazi wakhe, uHenri wabaleka ukuba atsale yena.
Emva koko, waqhawula umtshato neqabane lakhe elidumileyo, kwaye iDiektoman yaba yimyuziyam yokugqibela. Luhlobo luni lolwalamano olusasazwa kulo manyano, yayiluthando, okanye isibini sasinqunyelwe kumsebenzi odibeneyo, asaziwa. Phakathi kwemizobo yendawo kunye neepeyinti apho uLidiya abonakaliswa khona, indlu yi-canvas "odalk. Ivumelana i-blue. "
Ukufa
NgoNovemba 1, 1954, uHenri Maquissea wabetha imicroistus. Kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva, wasweleka umculi omkhulu. Intsomi ithi umthengisi ngaphambili kokufa utyelela umbambene kwigumbi lokulala, apho wathi:"Ngenye imini uya kuthi: Masinike ipensile kunye nephepha.UHenri ngoncumo uphendule:
Msgstr "Makhe sinike ipensile kunye nephepha."Sebenza
- Ngo-1896 - "Ibhotile ye-schidam"
- Ngo-1905 - "UYOBOMI WOBOMI"
- I-1905 - "Umfazi Kwimigqwirha"
- I-1905 - "inkanyezi eluhlaza"
- I-1905 - "Vula iwindow kwi-collier"
- Ngo-1907 - "i-nude nude"
- I-1908 - "igumbi elibomvu"
- 1910 - "Umculo"
- Ngo-1916 - "ukuqubha emlanjeni"
- Ngo-1935 - "pink nude"
- Ngo-1937 - "mfazi kwi-violet Coat"
- Ngo-1940 - "I-Romania Blouse"
- Ngo-1952 - "Usizi Ukumkani '