Biography
Vesily III ngunyana kaIvan III kunye nabatshaba bomlawuli wokugqibela we-Byzantine Sofia Paledimir noMoscow, uMongami weRussia, walawula ukusuka kwi-1505 ukuya kwi-1533. Kwisivumelwano kunye nomlawuli woBukhosi baseRoma ongcwele, uMaximilian I, okokuqala kwimbali yaseRussia, ubizwa ngokuba yiMUSERR RUS. Waqhubeka nemigaqo-nkqubo katata wakhe ukomeleza nokubonisa imeko yaseRussia, yalwa nenkcaso ekntlungu. Utata ivan grozny.
NgeVasilia III eMoscow, ukususwa okukhoyo kokugqibela kunye nokuyilwa kwabandakanywa. I-Grand Duke inomda omncinci kwilungelo lePrincely-BoyAars Aristoracy. Waziwa ngeMfazwe eyoyikayo ngokuchasene neLithuania.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umlawuli wexesha elizayo waseRussov wazalelwa kwintwasahlobo ye-1479. Bayalela umntwana wasezukulwana ngokuzukisa i-vissistofey, ebhaptiziweyo igama lomKristu uGabriel. I-Vasly III ngunyana wokuqala, owazalelwa kumyeni wakhe weSofia Paleolog, kunye neyesibini ukuba likhulu. Ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakhe, umntakwethu oneminyaka eli-ivan oneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Emva kwexesha, uSophia wazala iqabane lethu ngakumbi.
Umendo weVasly III uye kwiTrone yayinguTernist: U-Ivan wayethathwa njengeyona ndawo iphambili kuyo indlalifa nomthetho. Umkhuhli wesibini uye kwiTrone wayengunyana kaIvan omncinci - i-Dmifury, eyazibuza uMatayi ka-Agasti.
Ngo-1490, unyana omkhulu kaIvan III wasweleka, kodwa abafana babengafuni ukubona i-vasne etroneni kwaye bawa ecaleni kwe-DMMMYY NOYELAYANKI VOLOKEKI. Iqabane lesibini le-Ivan III Sophia Paleogist kunye nonyana wakhe baxhasa uMtyholi kunye ne-boyas abantwana abagobe yimiyalelo. Abaxhasi bebhanti batyhalela ekutshithweni, becebisa inkosana yokubulala i-Dmittory Greenchik kwaye, ifake i-moscow.
Abantu bakaMongami batyhila ukuba benze iyelenqe lokubulala, kwaye u-Ivan IVing wabekwa elugcinweni. Ukumisa inkosikazi yakhe uSochia Paleogist kwiinjongo ezingenabubele, iNkosana enkulu Moscow yaqalisa ukuyimkela. Emva kokuba efundile ukuba iqabane lifikile kwiqabane lakho, uMongami uyayalela ukuba abambe "ababhinqileyo abatshatileyo" kwaye phantsi kwesigqubuthelo sobusuku esithandweni se-MASCOW.
NgoFebruwari 1498, i-Dmittra ithweswe isithsaba kulawulo, kodwa ngonyaka i-pendulum yasala kwelinye icala loMongami. Ubabalo loMongami lushiye umzukulwana. Ngokwecawa kwicandelo likaTata kwasamkela inkosazana yePrinces noVkov. Ngentwasahlobo ye-1502, u-Ivan III wangena kumkhwent wentombazana ye-Elena Vombanka kunye nomzukulwana we-DMMMMMGY kwiLizwe, kwaye isisikele isisikele isithethi kwaye sibhengeze yonke iRussia.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Kumgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi, iVasly III yayingumlingane weBhodi yeRigidid kwaye ikholelwa ukuba urhulumente akafanele ukuba angabinakho nantoni na. Wanyamalala ngaphandle kokulibazisa nge-boyds ogadileyo kwaye ejongene neqela elichasayo lixhomekeke kwiCawe. Kodwa ngo-1521, iMetropolitan Varlaam ifike phantsi kwesandla esishushu saseGrand Duke Mskovsky: Ukungafuni ukujongana nenkosana ngokuchasene nenkosana ye-vasily shemymy, umfundisi watwa.
Ukugxeka i-vaslyly III ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ngo-1525, ivan ye-Ivan Bersen-Bekleamas yenziwa: i-Statesman ayizange yamkele i-Greek Speuditions eyayiselwe kubomi bukaShidi yaseRussia.
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, i-Destpotus Vesilyly III yakhula: uMongami, ukwandisa inani lobukhulu bengqongqo, kulinganiselwe amalungelo omfana. Unyana nomzukulwana baqhubeka bephehlelelwa nguYise Ivan III kunye notat'omkhulu vasily vasily emnyama yaseRussia.
Kwipolitiki yecawe, uMongami omtsha wawa ecaleni kukaJosellanes, ekhusele ilungelo leemboni ukuba abe ngumhlaba kunye nepropathi. Abachasi babo bezinye ezenziwe okanye baphulwe kwiiseli zeMonatic. Ngexesha lolawulo lukaTata uIvan olona lubi, kwavela ijaji entsha, engafikanga namhla.
Ngexesha leVasily III IVanovich, i-Boomm ye-Boom yawa, isiqalo sobawo sabeka utata wakhe. I-Chokelangwelsk Catwerral ivele eMoscow Kremresin, naseKolomenskoye-itempile yokunyukela kwiNkosi.
Ibhotwe lokuhamba ngeenyawo ezimbini lokumkani igcinwe unanamhla - enye yezona zinto zakudala zoyilo lwezinto zaseRussia. Iibhotwe ezincinci ezinjalo ("i-putnk"), apho kuhamba khona i-III ye-III kwaye ehamba nokubuya kwakhe ngaphambi kokungena kwiKremlin, yayininzi, kodwa kuphela ibhotwe laligcinwa kwi-basmannaya endala.
Ngaphambili "i-SAKIKI" kukho elinye ityeni lokwakha-itempile yeNikita Mfertyr. Wabonakala ngo-1518 ngokomyalelo weVasly III kwaye wawukhuni. Ngo-1685, kwakhiwa icawa yamatye endaweni yakhe. Phantsi kweereferi zetempile yakudala, uAlexander Puykin wathandazela, Fyodor Rockots, Marina Tesvetaeva.
Kwimigaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle, i-visly iII yaqatshelwa njengomqokeleli wamazwe aseRussia. Ekuqaleni kolawulo lwakhe, babacela ukuba babancamathisele kwiMoskow ye-Mskovichichi. Ukumkani wenza nabo, njengakuqala uIvan III ngeNovgorod: Ndashukumisela iintsapho ezingamakhulu ama-3 ezivela e-Pskov eMoscow, ndibanika ukuba bakhonze.
Emva kokungqingwa kwesithathu ngo-1514, kuthatyathwe i-smolensk, kokuphumelela kwayo i-vasily iIi. Ukufikeleleka kukaSmolensk sele kuphumelele emkhosini woMongami.
Kulo 1517th, ukumkani wafakwa eluvalelweni kumthetheli yokugqibela Ryazan Ivan Ivanovich, abo babemenzele iyelenqe kunye iCrimea Khan Ivan Ivanovich. Kungekudala wachukumiseka kwiimonki, kwaye iqashiso 'lalijolise "kwi-Mskowa. Emva koko i-staulebbsk kunye ne-Novgorod-Speskiy I-Speskiy inikezelwe.
Ekuqaleni kweBhodi, iVasly III iqukumbela uxolo neKazan, kwaye emva kokuphulwa kwesiVumelwano sahamba kwiphulo lokulwa noKhanate. Imfazwe neLithuania yafumana isithsaba ngempumelelo. Iziphumo zeBhodi yeLizwe Yonke iRussia, iVasily Ivanovich, yayikukuqiniswa kwelizwe, bafunda malunga nemida ekude. Ukuphindaphindisana nolwalamano kunye neFrance kunye neIndiya.
Ubomi Buqu
U-Ivan III watshata unyana wakhe kunyaka wakhe ngaphambi kokuba afe. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhethe iqabane lenoveli: Ndikhethwe ngu-Sabururov umfazi we-saburov, intombazana ye-necchoarsky.
Ngo-46, iVasly III ishiye kakhulu isibakala sokuba umfazi akamniki indlalifa. I-boyare yamvumela ukuba inkosi iqhawule umtshato kunye nodlolo. UDaniel kaDaniel wavunywa uqhawulo-mtshato. NgoNovemba 1525, iGrace Duke yahlukana nenkosikazi yayo, eyayikhutshwe kwii-nuns zemoodastery yeKrisimesi.
Emva kwabo, amahemuhemu yaqalisa ukuba lo mfazi wangaphambili uthambile wazala unyana uGeorgy VankesEvich, kodwa akukho bungqina themba. Ngokwemolve yabantu, eyakhulela unyana kaSaburova, neVasily ivanovich yaba ngumphangi u-Kudärik, ndinqunyanyisiwe kwi-nekrasovkaya "ingoma malunga neshumi elinambini lomphangi".
Kunyaka emva koqhawulo-mtshato lwendoda, ndanyula intombi yomntu weNkosazana Osesikweni Glinsky. Intombazana yoyisa ukumkani wemfundo nobuhle. Ngenxa ye-Elena, uGlinsky, isikhulu sacheba iindevu zakhe, ezazichasene nezithethe zika-Orthodox.
Kuthathe iminyaka emi-4, kwaye iqabane lesibini lalingamniki ukumkani wendlalifa elindelekileyo. UMongami ngokudibeneyo kunye nenkosikazi yakhe wahamba kwiimonima zaseRussia. Kukholelwa ukuba imithandazo ye-Ivanovich iVainovich kunye neqabane lakhe liva i-Refnuts Borovsky. NgoAgasti 1530, uElena wazala izibulo lika-Ivan, ikamva likaJohn Groznyny. Kunyaka emva koko, inkwenkwe yesibini yabonakala - uYuri vasineevich.
Ukufa
Ukumkani wakunandipha kancinci ukuba uYise: Xa umqeqeshi wokuqala wafumana iminyaka emi-3, uMongami wagula. Endleleni evela kwi-monastery yaseTelokolamsk Vaslyily III ifunyenwe kwi-hip.
Emva konyango, kwakukho uncedo olufutshane, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, ugqirha wenza isigqibo sokuba ummangaliso unokusindisa isigulana: Isiguli saqala ukusulela igazi.
NgoDisemba, ukumkani wafa, uyasikelela owamazibulo etroneni. Idumbu ingcwatywe kwi-moscow ye-rascow ye-catthedral.
Abaphandi bacebisa ukuba i-vasily III isweleke ngumhlaza okokugqibela, kodwa kwinkulungwane ye-XIC yayingazi ogqirha malunga nesi sifo.
Imemori
- Kwibhodi yeVesily III, kwadalwa ijaji entsha, i-Thumthangeskh Catreral yakhiwa, icawe yokunyukela kweNkosi.
- Ngo-2007, uAlexey Shishov wapapasha isifundo "Vesing III: Umqokeleli wokugqibela welizwe laseRussia."
- Ngo-2009, i-Premiere yolu ngcelele uchungechunge lwe "Ivan Grozny" Andresi Eshpaya wayebanjwe, apho indima ye-vadly III ifumene imimoya ye-actor vladislav.
- Ngo-2013, iNcwadi ka-Alexander Melnik yapapashwa "Moscow Grand vasily III kunye neendlela ezithethwayo zabangcwele baseRussia."