Biography
UIsaac Illich Letitan wayedume ngokuba nobuhle bakhe ukucula ubuhle bendalo yesiRashiya. Ubomi, ugcwele uhlaselo kwaye bawe, umculi akazange afumane umfazi nabantwana bakhe. Onke lelinye ipeyinti elinikezelweyo, lishiya inzala yemizobo, umlingo opheleleyo wemilambo, amahlathi kunye nezithuba ze-steppes.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Levitan yebhayiloji ivela kwindawo yokuhlala encinci yeLithuania, ekufuphi nesikhululo sikaloliwe seKibard. Inkwenkwe, yazalwa nge-18 ka-Agasti 30), 1860, yaba ngumntwana wesine kwintsapho yamaYuda ephantsi. Utata kaIsake, owayeyi-Grain kunye nesiFrentshi ngokuzimeleyo, wanika izifundo zabucala kwaye wasebenza njengomlawuli kwisitishi.
Ngenxa yokunqongophala kokusilela kwembono, usapho lweLevitan lusiya eMoscow. Ngaphandle kobunzima bemali, abazali bavumela umzalwana olizi mkhulu uIsake angenele esikolweni sokupeyinta, amathanga noyilo. UJunior Levotan, owayenomdla kwizinto zokuzonwabisa zomzalwana, uchitha ixesha elininzi, ubukele umsebenzi wamagcisa adumileyo - ootitshala.
Ukufezekisa iminyaka eli-13 ubudala, le ndodana ingena kwisikolo esinye. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, umama uyafa. Emva kwenye iminyaka emi-2, emva kwentanda, iLevitan yabaLevi iphuma ebomini. Bemkile iinkedama, abafana abayekanga ukufunda ngepeyinti.
Ikamva leshumi elivisayo lomntwana onomdla olikhathazayo oye waqaphela italente yokuzalwa kukaIsake. Abasebenzi abafundisayo bakhupha isibonelelo semali kwiLevitan, kunye nabantu ofunda nabo banikwa ibrashi yomhlobo kunye neepeyinti.
Sele ngonyaka ka-1870, umfundi wesikolo waqonda ukuba uyakuthanda ukudala kuhlobo lwehlabathi. Kwenye yeempawu zokuqala ezingezizo ezingezizo ezingezizo, isitayile esingaqhelekanga somculi siqwalasele uPavel Tratykov. IPatron ifumene umfanekiso "USUKU LOKWENKI. Skoolniki. "
Ukupeyinta
Ingqwalaselo kaTrengcikov iphakamise ukuzithemba kweLevitan kwawakhe amehlo, kodwa ayizange iphucule imeko yezemali yomfana oselula. Ukondla, uIsake uhambisa imizekeliso ngeveki. Ixesha lamahala, umzobi onikezela isebenzela umphefumlo.
Isipho sakho, esibonakaliswa sisiphoso esikreqweni seenkcukacha, iLevitan ekugqibeleni ifikile ngo-1880. Ngo-1884, umsebenzi womculi wadinwa ngabantu osebenza nabo. UIsaac uthathe intsebenziswano yemiboniso yobugcisa eselula. Kwangelo xesha, uIsake waphosa izifundo zakhe ngaphandle kokugqiba ikhosi kwaye engafumani itayitile yo "Umculi weklasi".
Phezu kwayo nje impumelelo efanelwe yimpumelelo, imeko yeemvakalelo zeLevitan ayihluleki ngokuzinza. Ngo-1885, umculi uhamba kwilifa le-kiselev, eze kuvakalelwa emva kokuzama ukuzibulala. Inkxaso ekhethekileyo kunye noncedo lukaIsake ofumanisa kwintsapho ye-Chenokhov, amalungu ahlanganyele ebuntwaneni.
I-epoch eyahlukileyo emsebenzini womculi yaphawulwa ngohambo kwi-volga. Kwiibhanki zoMlambo iLevitan, ingabalulanga ebomini. Imisebenzi eyenziwe nguIsaac ngeli xesha zahlulwe yimvakalelo yovuyo. Umculi osondeleyo wathi uncumo lwabonakala kwii-canvases. Emva kokundwendwela ukuthinjwa, uLevitan wenza "i-volga" apho ibhaso lifumana ukhuphiswano loluntu lweMoscow lwabathandi be-ArT.
UIsaac wenza ukuba enze imisebenzi yabo kwindibano yocweyo, ethi umculi anikezwe i-Artist Forgey timofeevich morozov. Uzuko ngemisebenzi yeLevitan sele isasazeke eMoscow, ngoko ke imeko yezemali yobomi bendoda iphela ukunxiba umlinganiswa owonwabileyo.
Ifilosofi i-echoes ivele emsebenzini wenqaku elinovuyo. Indoda ecinga kakhulu malunga nendawo yomntu ehlabathini, ngakumbi ibonakalisa ezakhe izibonakaliso emfanekisweni "ngaphezulu kwendawo evuthayo". Kwiirekhodi zobuqu, uLevita wamduba ukuba uzithabathile kwi-canvas.
Iminyaka eli-10 elandelayo uIsaac ichitha ngokuhamba kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuvumela iimvavanyo, umculi uphulukana nentanda. Imifanekiso "ichibi Como", "emantla e-Itali" kunye "nonxweme lweLwandle lweMeditera" alunandiphanga. Umculi uqasha kwakhona ungene kwi-handra ngenxa yokuphononongwa okungathandekiyo.
Izitshutshisi zengqondo ziyanda ngokwasemzimbeni. Iingxaki zobomi bobuqu sisizathu sokuzama ukuzibulala kwesibini, okufanayo ngokungaphumeleli njengangaphambili. Amava akhuthazwa ngokuphefumlelwa, kwaye ngo-1895, kwilifa laseLitan ladala uMarta. Ukuqinisekisa ngobomi ngokumisela ukukhulula kwakhona i-Admirer U Isaac uIsaac Paves Tretykov.
Ukunyuka kobuchule bokuyila kunika iLevitan ebuhlungu ukuyidala. Kwithuba elithi "eliphambili", elihlala lihlala lihlala lingu-Isaaki, lahlala kwiNdlu yeXesha elizayo, lavela ekukhanyeni ", kubonisa ukuhamba komlambo. Kwilizwe elinye, umzobi utsala "yintwasahlobo. Amanzi amakhulu ", eyenziwe kwinguqu ye-blue, etyheli nelihlaza.
Ngo-1898, uLevitan wonyulwa yintloko yeworkshop esikolweni, ethi umculi akazange agqibe ngexesha elinye. Kwifoto yeLevitan ngeli xesha, ukugula okusele kuphawuleka, kodwa umculi akayicothisi isantya kwaye usaqhuba uninzi lwendibano yakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando lokuqala lukaLevitan lwaba ngumtsalane uMaria Cheokhov - udadewabo wemvelo yombhali odumileyo. Ukutyelela umhlobo kwilali yaseBabkino, umzobi wanxibelelana nentombazana eyayinomdla malunga nokupeyinta. Kanye, ngokubhikisha inkalipho, uLevitian wamkela uMariya eluthandweni, kodwa ubuhle obungenamava kuphela buqhume kwaye babaleka.
Impendulo efanayo yayikhathazeke nguIsake. Kuthathe ixesha elininzi ukuze abantu abaselula baqhubeke nonxibelelwano, bethatha isigqibo sokuba babengabekwanga ndawonye. Ubudlelwane bethenda buyaqhubeka de kufike ukubulawa komculi. UMary wamshiya uMariya, ukuba wagqiba kwelokuba atshate, emva koko kuphela.
Ukuba kwiisangqa zeMoscow, uIsake waqhelane neSofia Kuvutyyíkova. Ibhinqa lambangela isalo lehlabathi apho ababhali kunye namagcisa ahlanganisene khona. Ukutshata ukuba umtsalane yayimdala kunoLevitan iminyaka eli-10, engazange ikhusele inoveli yesaqhwithi. Phantsi kwengcaciso yezifundo zokuzoba uIsaac neSophia bahlala behamba nge-volga kunye.
Ukuphela kobudlelwane kwabekwa kumaphuku ahlukaniswe eMoscow ngenxa yokuthetha ngokungakhathali kwiimvakalelo zengxaki yokwamkelwa kwityala lakhe. Ngokutsho kolunye uhlobo, umRoma wamagcisa aphelile ngenxa ye-Anna Nikolaevna turchaninov.
Umfazi kaSenator kwi-St. Petersburg wayehlala kufutshane nelifa likaKuvshtina, apho abathandi bachitha ihlobo. UAnna - onguntanga weSophia - wabandezeleka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye ethanda iLevitan. Emva kokucaciswa kobudlelwane obude kaKruvinikov, ndabuyela emyeni wam, uAac wafudukela kwindlu eya eTurninov.
Nangona kunjalo, ubuntu besithathu bangenelela kunxibelelwano lwe-Aristoctch ye-Aristoratch ye-aristoctch kunye nomculi onetalente. Intombi ka-Anna Nikolaevna VARTBARA iba nomdla kwisithandi sikanina saza sasongela ngokutyhila uthando oluyimfihlo okanye luphele. Nangona kunjalo, ayiyeki eluthandweni. Unxibelelwano olusenyongweni luyaqhubeka nokufa.
Ukufa
Intlungu yentliziyo apho iLevitan ibandezeleke kakhulu emncinci, ikhuliswe yiminyaka. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yobuthathaka ngokubanzi, umculi wayedla ngokuthatha izifo etshabalalisa ubugoneli. Ukuqhambuka kwesisu-tyhefu besifuniya nangekhe bahambele kwindoda ngaphandle kwemiphumo.
Ngenxa yentsimbi nentlungu entliziyweni yeLevitan, kwada kwalahlwa ixesha elide elithandwayo - ukuzingela. Yonke le nto ichaphazele imeko yengqondo kaIsake. Umvelisi uphelile ukuba uqonde umzobi. Imvakalelo yendoda itshintshile ukusuka kuvuyo olunengxaki kwi-telancholic.
Inkolelo kwixa elizayo ibuyele kuLevin emva kohambo lokuya eYalta ebusika ngo-1889. Kwindawo yokuhamba, umzobi wachitha ixesha elininzi kwindawo yokugula u-Anton Pavlovich Cheokhov. Ukubuyela eMoscow, uIsake ngesandi esitsha waqala ukuqhutywa kwaye ufundise.
Ngentwasahlobo ye-1900, kwiPleanier e Khimki Isaac Illich yagula. Kulula ukubanda, kunzima ngenxa yesifo esiphantsi sentliziyo kunye nesifo esinganyangekiyo, ekugqibeleni saphazamisa umculi. Isifo sephepha songezwa kwintlungu ebuhlungu entliziyweni.
Emva kokubeleka ngokungekho mthethweni ngoJuni 22 (nge-4 ka-Agasti), ngo-1900, uLevita wasweleka. UIsaac Ilylich wangcwatywa kufutshane ne-Dorogomievsky, kwindawo yokungcwatywa kwabantu abameli bamaJuda.
Sebenza
- 1885-1889 - "Birch Grove"
- Ngo-1889 - "I-Autumn ekwindla" "
- Ngo-1889 - "emva kwemvula. I-PLAS "
- 1892 - "ukuhlwa"
- Ngo-1894 - "ngaphezulu kwengingqi yanaphakade"
- Ngo-1895 - "Matshi"
- Ngo-1896-1897 - "Intwasahlobo-Amanzi amakhulu"
- Ngo-1898 - "Ukuthula"
- I-1899- "imitha yokugqibela yelanga"
- Ngo-1900 - "Ukuhlwa"