USamuel Marshak - I-Biolography, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, iincwadi, ukufa

Biography

Kugcino apho kuhlala kukho ifoto kaSamuel Yakovvich Marshak ejikelezwe ngabantwana. Ayimangalisi loo nto, kuba imbongi kunye nombhali bahlala bengumhlobo obalaseleyo wabafundi abancinci. Ubuchule bombhali bungaphelelanga kuncwadi lwabantwana. Iinguqulelo eziqaqambileyo zokuguqulela ziqhelekile ukuba abathandi boncwadi lwaseClassical.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

USamuel Yakovlevich wazalelwa kwintsapho yamaYuda ngo-Okthobha 22 (ngokwendlela entsha ngoNovemba 3) ngo-1887. Intsapho yavela kuhlobo lwakudala lwabaphandi. Utata wenkwenkwe ngumchiza osebenze kwisityalo sesepha, umama - umfazi wasekhaya, ukhulisa abantwana kwaye ujonge ubomi. Ukongeza kuSamuweli, abanye abantwana abaninzi bakhula entsatsheni.

I-Marshak-Opries izamile ukufumanisa iingcali kunye nokubakho kwengcali kwicandelo le-chemistry, ngoko ke usapho luhlala luhamba: Vitebsk, Pkrov, Bakhmu. Uluhlu lwezixeko zaphazanyiswa kwi-Ostrogojsk ngo-1900.

Ukuhamba kwintsapho yamaJuda, ingxaki yabelwa i-Gymnasium, kuba inani elithile leendawo labelwa abantwana bemvelaphi enjalo. Kungenxa yoko le nto utata kaMarshak wayenethamsanqa ukufumana umsebenzi eSt. UPerepu akazange alandele ngokukhawuleza izalamane.

Indawo yokuzivocavoca incinci yafika kwikomkhulu kwiholide. Enye yezi hambo sele ilungiselelwe i-biography yexesha elizayo yombhali. Inkwenkwe imelwe kukugxekwa okhethekileyo kunye nombhali-mbali wasebugorha welo xesha ukuya eVladimir Stadov.

Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ibali malunga nobuntwana kunye ne-marshak yolutsha ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhankanya uncwadi kunye nobuchule. Njengoko imbongi iyakukhumbula, imibongo yaqalisa ukumbambana nangaphezulu kunendlela yokufunda ukuba ubhale. Nokuba kwi-Ostrogogsk, i-teatara evela kuyo yonke i-County yayiya kusapho lwelungu elincinci ukuba limamele umsebenzi wokuzonwabisa.

Akumangalisi ukuba uStadov, ezandleni zencwadana enomsebenzi wenkwenkwe, yayiqonda italente yombhali waza wanegalelo kwinguqulelo yokuqala kaSamuel Yakovvvich eSt.

Ukufika kwesixeko kwi-Neva, umthambo uyanyamalala kwilayibrari yoluntu, ehambelana nemisebenzi yeClassics yoncwadi lwehlabathi. Umgxeki akazange alibale ukugxininisa uthando lothando lwe-ART, ngakumbi ixhaswa kakhulu kwintsimi yemimandla yobuchule besizwe.

I-comrade ephezulu yazisa imbongi ngeMaxim gorky ngo-1904. Ukufunda ngeengxaki zeMarshak kunye nempilo ebibangelwe yi-St. Petersburg imeko ye-St.

Kwisixeko esemazantsi, umfana uchitha iminyaka emibini. Ngo-1906, ekubeni sele efumene isilumkiso malunga neyelensoction Ukulungiselela amaJuda, kunyanzelekile ukuba kushiye unxweme kwaye kubuyela eSt. Petersburg.

Okwangoku ubomi obunobomi bombhali bekungayimi. Ngo-1911, umfana oneqela lamaqabane ahamba nohambo oluya kwi-Middle East njengembalelwano. I-1912 iphawulwe ngohambo lokuya eNgilani kwimfundo yaseLondon.

Ukubuyela kwilizwe lakhe ngo-1914, le ndoda yayitshintshe izixeko ezihlala izihlandlo ezininzi, de ekugqibeleni wafudukela ePetrograd ngo-1922.

Uncwadi

Imisebenzi kaSamuel Yakovvich iqale inyathelo ngo-1907. Incwadi yokuqala yayiyingqokelela ye "zionida", ezinikezelwe kumxholo wamaYuda. Ukongeza kubuchule bombhali, umbhali ukonwatyiwe yinguqulelo. Kwangelo xesha, iqala ukusebenza kweli lalwa nakwimibongo yamaYuda.

Imisebenzi yembongi encinci ibhekiswe kumfundi wabantu abadala. Owona mjikelezo ulungileyo wobuchule bombhali oselula kuthiwa ngokuqokelelwa kwemibongo "Palestine", obhalwe ngexesha lokuhamba kombhali. Ukufundisisa eNgilane, uthanda kakhulu ubuchule baseBritani neScotland, iinguqulelo ze-Ballad, kunye nemisebenzi ye-classics.

Ngelishwa, iBolshevik, kwaye emva koko uSomat Stalin rusia akazange amomeleze ngokunyaniseka emsebenzini weembongi kunye nababhali. Ngamaxesha athile, ababhali bangena ekungazithembi kwaye bephantsi kwengcinezelo. USamuel Yakovlevich wafumana indlela yokuphuma kunye nendlela yokuphuhlisa italente yembongi enkulu kwimisebenzi yabantwana.

Umbhali wayedume ngokuthanda isizukulwana esitsha. Ngo-1920, iholo yemidlalo yeqonga yabantwana yokuqala yacwangciswa kwi-Krasnodar yangoku, kwinqanaba apho kukho imidlalo edlalwa yimibhalo yemibhalo yakhe, njenge "teremow".

Ukususela ngo-1923, iincwadi zabantwana zembongi zipapashwa ePetporagrad, kubandakanya iinguqulelo ezivela kwisiNgesi "esakhiwe yi-jack", "Yiloo nto", "isidenge Imouse encinci ".

Kwiminyaka yeMfazwe, ukuphepha ukuhlanganisa ngenxa yokujonga kakubi, iMarshak ibhala i-satirical dechens, ithatha ukudalwa kweeposta ze-anti-sfawcist.

Ukuze ufumane igalelo kuncwadi, umbhali wanikwa iipremiyamu zeStalinist kunye neLeninin kunye namabhaso, kubandakanya ne-odolo yeLenin, ukulandelelana kwebhendi ebomvu yabasebenzi.

Kwi-60s, xa uphumelele iipremiyamu akazange oyike, imbongi ikhuphe ingqokelela yemibongo yabafundi abadala ". Ngo-1960, i-autobiography yombhali "ekuqaleni kobomi" ipapashwa.

Ubomi Buqu

Umfazi waseSophia Mikhailovna Milviviview Umbhali omncinci wadibana phakathi kuma-Midd Mishini eMbindi Mpuba ebaluleke kakhulu ebomini bakhe. Ukuze ufunde eLondon, abantu abancinci bahamba ngosapho sele besenziwa. Kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bukaSophia Mikhailovna bahlala bengumhlobo wokwenene kunye neyumyuzi.

Abantu abadala baphawula ukuba amaqabane, ngaphandle komehluko kumaqondo obushushu kunye nabalinganiswa, abagxekayo omnye komnye. UMarshak ungumntu onobuchule, wahlulelwe ngumsindo oshushu, ukungcola, kunye noSophilovna Mikhailovna - wayenenyani "yenyani" kwindawo yengqondo, wayenengqiqo, ukuzola nokuzila kwengqondo.

Ngendlela, uSamuel Yakovvich wafumana i-spatleton engenakwenzeka. Kutshiwo ukuba ibali malunga nomntu ovela kwimbongi yembongi yesitrato sabhalwa kuye.

Oyena mhlobo ulungileyo weSoviet Devya ngokwakhe uye wadibana neentlekele ezinxulumene nabantwana bayo. Ngo-1915, izibulo lokuthandana kwamaqabane eMarshav, i-Nataniyeli eneminyaka emibini uNataniyeli, ibhukuqa i-Samoval ebilayo. Usana lwabulawa ukusuka ekutshiseni okufunyenweyo.

Kwiminyaka emibini emva kwentlekele, unyana kaImanuel wavela kwihlabathi, kwaye ngo-1925 - yakav. Akumangalisi ukuba umyeni nenkosikazi yakhe bahlunguzela abantwana. Ngendlela, "Intsomi yobuso obuncinci" ibhaliwe yimbongi ubusuku obunye ubusuku bonke ukuze ufumane imali kunyango lwe-Imanuel kwi-Emepatoria.

Ngelishwa, unyana omncinci kaYukov wasweleka esifo sephepha iminyaka engama-21. Unyana omkhulu wayephila ubomi obugcweleyo, waba ngugqirha ophumelelayo owakhulisa ubuchule bokufota. Ngokuhambelana nendoda ebandakanyeka.

Elungileyo kwaye ephendula kwimpawu, uSamuel Marshak kwiminyaka enzima yokucinezelwa kunye nentshutshiso yombhali 'njengoko ekhusela abantu osebenza nabo. Ayoyiki, imbongi iguqukele kubantu abaPhakamileyo kwi-NKVD, eboniswe kukukhuseleka kwemisebenzi ye-I. A. Brodsky, A. I. Solzhenitsyn.

Ukuzama ukuveza ukutyholwa nge-cosmopolitanism kunye ne-marshak. Ukongeza, amahemuhemu aphakamise ukuba izibongozo zeKabeltistic zangenelwa kwiivesi zabantwana. Ukuba ngumYuda ongumGowuli, umbhali wafunda i-Taldus, kukho ulwazi malunga nokubhalwa yimbongi yemibongo yeZionist, kodwa kwiincwadi zabantwana, kunjalo, ayifumananga zibonakalisi.

Ukufa

Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, umbhali uyimfama kwikhathalogu.

Imbongi enkulu yashiywa nge-4 kaJulayi ngo-1964, isindayo ukuya kwiminyaka yakudala kakhulu. Unobangela waseburhulumenteni wokufa uyamkelwa njengokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Amakhulu abahlobo kunye nabalandeli bobuchule bafika ku-Dewer's kuSamuel Yakovvvlevich. Ingcwaba lombhali kwindawo ye-novodevichy.

I-Bibliography

Iintsomi zabantwana:

• "Iinyanga ezilishumi elinambini"
• "Izinto eziKhethekileyo"
• "I-Cat House"
• "Teremok"
• "Intsomi yemouse encinci"
• "Tale malunga nemouse smart"
• "Kutheni iKati yayibizwa ngokuba yikati"
• "I-jafar"
• "Ixhegokazi, livale umnyango!"
• "Impahla"
• "I-roarrow ikhutshiwe phi?"
• "I-Renyelweneweyo-I-Speed"
• "Ukundwendwela ukumkanikazi"
• "I-TALE malunga nebhokhwe"

Umsebenzi we-didactic:

• "Umlilo"
• "Imeyile"
• "Imfazwe nge-DNIPRO"

Imibongo:

• "Ibali malunga neqhawe elingaziwayo"

Isebenza kwimixholo yomkhosi nezopolitiko:

• "I-imeyile yaseMthethweni"
• "I-Byl-Nisbylitsa"
• "Wonke unyaka nyaka"
• "Ngaphakathi kweLizwe"