Biography
URasa Maksimovna Gorbachev wayengakhunjulwa kuphela njengenenekazi lokuqala lelizwe kunye nenkosikazi yomnye uMongameli weSoviet Union. Eli nenekazi lafumana amandla okubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi ephambili yesisa, kwaye eyakhe isebenze, kunye nobomi bosapho, obangesithuba esiphezulu seqabane, lalisengamagxa aphezulu.Ngalo lonke ixesha le-Ofisi kaMongameli, i-mikhail gorbnachev kwaye kamva, uRarbachevavavavava waxoxwa kwaye wagwetywa, kodwa kukhuselekile ukuba lo mfazi unebhayibhile enesidima kwaye egqwesa.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umlingane wexesha elizayo kaMongameli wazalwa ngoJanuwari 5 (iCapricorn kwi-Zodiac) ka-1932 kwiSixeko saseRubitsovsk (i-Altai). Utata kaRaisa Maximovna ngobuzwe wayengumntu wase-Ukraini, i-cibde yePhondo laseChernih, umama sisisii-seliberical raberia. Abathathu abantwana bakhula entsatsheni: I-Rasa encinci yayinomntakwabo omncinci nomzalwana. UDade Luudmila, emtshatweni othathe igama lokugqibela i-Aiukasov, wasebenza njengogqirha-oculist. UMzalwan 'u-Encnyy Titareko waba ngumbhali.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi kaBawo (wasebenza njengenjineli kuloliwe) usapho lwe-titaren ligama lentombazana le-raisa gorbokeva - lihlala lihamba. Abahlala bengaphili, ngoko ke i-raisa ukusuka ebudaleni iyaqonda: Kuyimfuneko ukuba ufunde kakuhle kwaye ufumane umsebenzi wokunceda abazali. Ezi ngcinga kwintombazana yaxhasa umama, osemtshatweni wayengakwazi ukufumana imfundo.
Ngo-1949, le ntombazana yaphumelela esikolweni ngembeko yaya eMoscow. Ebutsheni bakhe, kwikomkhulu le-raisa maksimovna, ndibhalise ngokulula kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow egama linguMisikail Lomononosov, enyula i-faculty yefilosoti. Kwaye ngo-1955, sele eyinkosikazi yakhe uGorbachev, emva kokuba iqabane lakhe lafudukela eStavropol.
Umsebenzi
Kwi-stavropol, i-raisa maksimovna inomsebenzi wokuba ngumhlohli kuluntu "ulwazi", kwaye lwafundisa ifilosofi yamaziko onyango nakwezolimo. Ngokufanayo, inenekazi lokuqala elizayo labandakanyeka kwisayensi: ifundile izentlalo kwaye icwangcise uphando lwayo kule ndawo.Umsebenzi onzima wawungekho lilize: ngo-1967 uGorbBevv wakhusela i-Thesis kwintlalo, esekwe kwizifundo apho i-raasa maskmovna isebenze kwintsimi ye-stavropol.
Ngo-1978, inenekazi nomyeni walo babuyela kwikomkhulu, apho waphinda walungisa utitshala kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State "Ulwazi" lweMoscow "ulwazi". Kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngo-1985, i-raisa maksimovna yaqala ukuhamba kunye neqabane (ngelo xesha sele lingunobhala jikelele) kuwo onke amashishini kunye nohambo lwaseburhulumenteni.
Kufanelekile ukuba ukwalathile loo nto ukuze umfazi kaNkokeli weNkokeli yeQela wayengavumi: amaqabane asemthethweni abantu bokuqala kunye nabapolitiki bahlala bebambelela, bahlala bengazi mntu , kwaye iifoto zala manenekazi azikaze zawa kumshicileli welo xesha. Kodwa akunjalo yayinguRaisha Maksimovna, oqwalasele umsebenzi wakhe wokuxhasa umyeni wakhe kuyo yonke into kwaye wayesondela kuye.
Ngokumangalisayo, kodwa phesheya, inani lakhe lahlangabezana novelwano olukhulu kunye nomdla, kunokuba kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa. Enye yeemagazini zaseBritane zaze zabizwa ngokuba yiGorbachev "ngo-1987 umfazi." Kodwa eSoviet Union, ibisoloko igwetywa nguye. Kwakholelwa ukuba inkanuko neliqihlakeleyo 'ikhokelele "ilizwe ngomyeni wakhe, kamva ladlala indima ekuwaneni kwe-USSR. Uninzi ngokubanzi luyigqala njenge-arhente yaseMelika.
Ukongeza ekuncedeni iqabane lakho, lo mfazi wayesoloko ebandakanyeka kuthando, eyithathela ingqalelo imbopheleleko yenenekazi lokuqala. Phantsi kobunkokeli babafazi, uMisikail Sergeeeevich usebenze kwingxowa-mali yoncedo lwaBantwana baseChernobyl; Ukongeza, uRaisa Maksimovna uthathe inxaxheba ngqo kwimisebenzi yeSiseko seZizwe ngezizwe senkxaso yezigulana, abaguli abane-leukemia.
Ungalibali i-gorg ye-gorg gorbachev kwaye malunga nenkcubeko: yema kwimvelaphi yokuyilwa kweNgxowa-mali yeSoviet, engena kwiNkxaso-mali yeMyuziyam ye-Maria Tsvetaeva, iMyuziyam ye-BOEROIT Intsapho . Ukongeza, i-raasa maksimovna iphumelele ukubuyiselwa kwezikhumbuzo ezininzi zezendalo kunye nezakhiwo zecawa.
Xa uMikhail Sergeeevich eshiye isikhundla sikaMongameli, owayesakuba nenekazi lokuqala lanceda umyeni wakhe iincwadi ngokujonga ulwazi lwereferensi kunye nezibalo ezifanelekileyo. Kwakhona, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, iLada yavula i-Gorbachev-funjwa, eyayibandakanyeke kwizazinzulu zentlalo nezopolitiko. Ngo-1991, ibhinqa labhala i-autobiography ebizwa ngokuba "ndiyathemba ...".
Ngo-1997, i-gorbachev yamisa i-maximovna raisa Club, equka abameli bolwazi lwenzululwazi nenkcubeko yelizwe. Le Clabhu yanceda abantu abangakhuselekanga kwiNtlalontle: oomama abalolo, noogqirha bamaphondo nootitshala, iinkedama.
Isitayile kunye nefashoni
Ukusuka kwinkangeleko yokuqala kwiintlanganiso zasesidlangalaleni neqabane lakhe, kwanangaphambi kokuba uMikhail Sergeeevich wathabatha indawo yonobhala ngokubanzi, i-raasa maskmovna ibonakalise ukucocwa, ukuqaqanjelwa kukhetho lweempahla. Nangona kunjalo, kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-80s, inenekazi lokuqala leSoviet Union livumela iimpazamo ekukhetheni ukuphuma kweendawo ezisemthethweni zokwamkela kwamanye amazwe, emva koko zakhanyiselwa ngamaphephandaba asentshona.
Ke, ngo-1984, okwesihlandlo sokuqala ukuba nomyeni wakhe e-UK kwisimemo se-Margaret Wosimovna batshintsha iingubo ezahlukeneyo yonke imihla. Kwaye enye yeendlela zobuxoki zangokuhlwa, inenekazi lafika kwisinxibo sokuqhayisa nge-ensebled enesanti evulekileyo yegolide. Ngosuku olulandelayo, amaphephandaba aseBritani asasazwa kumanqaku anemifanekiso engqina ukwaphula ikhowudi yokunxiba.
Emva koko, indlela yeGorbhoetva yathintelwa ngakumbi, kodwa ayizange iphulukane nokucocwa. Inani elimangalisayo elimangalisayo kunye nokunyuka okuncinci, i-mandolo engagungqiyo, isitayile sahluleke yi-raasa maximov kwabanye abahlobo bakaSoviet. Kuyaziwa ukuba uninzi lweengubo zamanenekazi ibanjiwe kwibhulorho ye-Blackmith. Kuye, i-miselail ye-miselail i-srgeyeich yabalimi abangama-60 kwimodeli yasekhaya bakhethe uTamar Deeev, owenze impahla eyaziwayo yamanenekazi.
Kungekudala iqabane lezopolitiko elidumileyo lawela eNtshona. Ingakumbi iRisa, iMaximovna ibonise ukugcwala okukhokelwayo kwe-European yexesha- yves sairent-laurent kunye ne-pierre godin. Kumamemo, lo mva wokugqibela wavuma ukuba, uyayiqonda incasa yakho kunye nesitayela somfazi onobhala jikelele waseSoviet, sifuna ukunika ingqokelela entsha, kodwa eli nenekazi lathatha isuti kuphela kunye nengubo yokukhanya kuye.
Phambi kwe-gorbaokeva, bekukho umsebenzi onzima-kwiimpiko ezisemthethweni kunye 'neentlanganiso ngaphandle kwamaqhina "zijongeka zisiba mandundu kwiinkokeli zamazwe aseNtshona. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yayiyintlanganiso enoNancy yaseNancy Reagan ngexesha lotyelelo lwenkcitho kwi-United States ngexesha lemfazwe ebandayo. I-hollress yangaphambili ye-hollywood yasabela kakhulu kwi-raisa maximov, ukufumana isimilo sesona sibe sinzima, kwaye inqanaba lemfundo liphezulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokwendlela yesitayile, inenekazi laseSoviet lalikhangeleka lifanelekile, likhetha iimpahla, izixhobo, izihlangu ziguqukile. Emva koko, oovimba beendaba babenemizekelo kwiNtlangano kwiNgqungquthela eVishna ngo-1961 iinkokeli zala mandla mabini nabafazi bakwaNina kunye ne-japedeline yase-japeden kunye "nengubo yabantu eyabizwa ngokuba" yingubo yabantu Intyatyambo ". Kubonakala ngathi i-raisa maksimovna, ubuhle obuthathekileyo kunye nesitayile sempahla, ubuyisele "igama" lamaqabane ohlobo lweSoviet emehlweni.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu bomfazi woMongameli wokuqala wase-USSR uye waba nempumelelo kwaye ngovuyo. Ndikunye nelinye iqabane lekamva le-raisa (emva koko uTitarenko) wadibana eyunivesithi - wafunda kwicandelo lomthetho. Ukusukela ngoko, i-mikhail sergeeevich kunye ne-raisa maksimovna ayengafaniyo. Umtshato wentanda othandekayo wadlula ngendlela yokuthozama: Abafundi babengenamali yokubhiyozela kakhulu.Ngo-1957, intombi kaHortyev yazalwa (emtshatweni - intshonki). Le ntombazana yafumana imfundo yezonyango kwaye emva koko yaba ngumongameli we-Gorbachev-Fund, ephethwe ngabazali bakhe.
Ukufa
Ebutsheni bowe-1999, impilo yaseRaasa maximovna yaqalisa ukusilela. NgoJulayi, iingcali zeZiko leRana Hematoilogy zafunwa ukuba zityhafile eGorbaokedia. Izizathu zokuvela konobhala olwenziweyo bomanyano lwezifo zegazi, oogqirha babize uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, iingxaki ezivela kwezinye izifo ezinganyangekiyo. Kwakhona phakathi kwabo babethathwa imiphumo yokuboniswa kwe-radiation efunyenwe linenekazi lokuqala ngexesha lohambo lokuya kwisityalo samandla enyukliya eChernobyl kungekudala emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi embi kakhulu emva kwengozi enkulu.
Oogqirha ababalaseleyo baseRussia neJamani baqhagamshelwe kunyango lomfazi. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, emva kokubhengezwa kwesaziso, uGorbachev wathunyelwa eMünster, kwikliniki yaseJamani. Apho, kwiinyanga ezimbini, oogqirha baseJamani balwa nobomi bukaRista Maximovna, begcina umhlaza. Kwacetywa ukwenza ithambo lomendo, umnikeli wayeza kuba ngudade uLyudmilla Titareko.
Nangona kunjalo, imeko yeGorbaokedava ngequbuliso iyeyona nto iphosakele kabukhali, kwaye utyando kwafuneka lushiywe. NangoSeptemba 20, 1999, uRisa Maximovna akazange enze njalo. Unobangela wokufa, oogqirha babizwa ngokuba sisifo se-incocical, esingenakuphiliswa. Inenekazi lokuqala yayineminyaka engama-67 ubudala.
Umngcwabo waseGorbaokeva, owaqhubeka ngoSeptemba 23, waqokelela amawaka abantu abaza kuthi batsho kamnandi kulo mfazi unamandla. Phakathi kwazo yayinguVladimir Spin, eNaina Yeltsin, i-Helmut Kohl kunye nabanye bopolitiko kunye nabahlali. Ingcwaba le-raasa maximovna ibekwe kwi-moscow novodevichy amangcwaba. Emva konyaka, kufakwe isikhumbuzo kule ndawo. Kude kube ngoku, abantu bazisa iintyatyambo kwilitye.
Imemori
- Ngo-2006, i-raisa ye-raisa ye-raisa ye-ramesana ye-gorbacheva yenziwa eLondon, yenzelwe ukuxhasa ngezemali iiprojekthi ze-leukemia kunye nomhlaza.
- Igama le-R. M. Gorbhoetva ebizwa ngokuba yiZiko leHematology kunye neTransplantology kwi-St. Petersburg.
- Nge-16 kaJuni, ngo-2009, i-mikhail gorbachev ikhuphe idiski "yeengoma ze-raisa", yanikezelwa kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-10 yokufa kukaRisa Maximovna.
- Ngo-2012, ifilimu yoxwebhu "uthando kunye namandla eRasa Gorbacheva" akhululwa kwizikrini zenenekazi lokuqala lomanyano.