Biography
URobert Skekle, owaziwa njengowona jimeko iphambili kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, wazalelwa eBrooklyn ngoJulayi 16, 1928 kwintsapho yoosomashishini. Umbhali ukwazile ukukhulula eyakhe ibhayoloji. Malunga noMama Robert baxelele indlela malunga nentombazana elula evela elalini.
Wayefundisa kwiiklasi zenqanaba lesikolo saseSaskokacheva. Utata Fistarysta, uDavide, waphupha ngokutsalwa ngokuqinileyo kwishishini kwaye, ngaphandle kokuzilalela rhoqo, wafumana indawo yakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela nowuphambili yayiyi-Inshurensi ye-Inshurensi ye-Inshurensi. Apho wafumana isikhundla sikanobhala-sisa.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Iminyaka emine emva kokuzalwa kukaRobert, usapho lukaShekley lwaluhlala eNew York, emva koko lwazinza eJersey entsha, kwisixeko saseMaplewood. Imvelaphi, abazali bakhe babengamaYuda, anade kwada kwango-1980 behlala eWarsaw, kodwa kufutshane nenkulungwane ye-19 kwafuneka ukuba afudukele eMelika.
Ngexesha leholide yehlobo, utat'omkhulu wathabatha uRobert nodade wabo uYoan kwifama. Umbhali wexesha elizayo wafunda umntwana ofuna ukwazi okuthandayo, iincwadi kunye neJazz. UShekley wafundwa kwiBradbury, iincwadi ze-Stargeon kunye neencwadi zeCatera. I-Peminill ukuba ngumbhali ovunyiweyo wabasebenzi abalungileyo kwaye uqalise umsebenzi wokuqala kumatshini oshicilelweyo.
Ukuzama ukuzizama njengombhali bekungekho sithsaba, ke uRobert waqhubeka efunda kwaye wafunda esikolweni. Xa uShekuy wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ubudala, wagqiba kwelokuba aphile ngokwahlukileyo kubazali bakhe, kodwa akazange akhokelele kwanto. URebert oselula kwafuneka agqibe ukufunda, aze ke afumane umsebenzi.
Wahlala ephila ngemvumelwa kwivenkile kunye nezixhobo egadini. Ngeminyaka yee-1940, indoda iya eKorea. Iqala ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe yokubhala. I-Shekley ibandakanyekile ukuhlela iphephandaba lezoburhulumente.
Emva kokuba ebuyele eKorea, uRobert wangena kwiYunivesithi eNew York, apho waqala khona ukufunda iiSayensi zabaSebenziyo. Iiklasi zeYunivesithi kwixesha elizayo elihlanganisiweyo kunye ne-Irwin bonisa iintetho. Ukongeza kwinkanuko yoncwadi eqinileyo, uRobert wadlala igitare kwaye wakwazi ukufumana ebomini. Iimeko ziphuhlisile ukuze kwafuneka ashiye eyunivesithi aze afumane umsebenzi ukuba asebenzele isityalo.
Uncwadi
Ngo-1951, uRobert Skekley wanika intsebenziswano kunye nemagazini "yokucinga". Amabali amnandi awathanda uMhleli oyintloko kwaye yonke yapapashwa. Kwixa elizayo, umbhali onomdla uthetheni malunga neentsuku zokusebenza kwiofisi yeli phephancwadi, apho wayesebenza khona kude kuse.
Ixesha elide, intsomi yesayensi isebenze ebalini 'yenqanawa yokungena ". Ngo-1959, i-Anti-NibeniInia ipapashwa kwaye ithandwa kakhulu abathandi befilosofi, indlela owonwabe ngayo. "
I-Shekley yenza amabali, iinoveli kunye nezikripthi zomxholo omangalisayo osetyenziswa kumabonwakude nakwirediyo enkunjiweyo. Abaphulaphuli bathandwa "yividiyo ye-Captain" kwaye "kwelinye icala lomnyango oluhlaza." Ngo-1960, i-Robert Sheckley kaRobert yaqala ukufumana amandla. Wayeyithengise yonke loo msebenzi wakhe kwi "Galaxy" ethandwayo.
Enye yeenoveli ezipapashiweyo ngempumelelo ngo-1960 "yimpucuko yenqanaba". I-Sattyrian Anti-Nilettonia malunga ne-William Arrente, ngaphandle kohlobo oluthandekayo, luchaphazela iingxaki zoluntu.
Ngo-1965 kukwabaluleka kwindalo kaRobert Skekley. "IGalai" ipapasha ibali "Ukutshintshwa kweengqondo", emva koko ukhetho lweencwadi olugqityiweyo luphuma kunyaka kamva.
Ngo-1968, ibali 'lemimangaliso "liveliswa. Kukholelwa ukuba uzuko olumnandi lwehlabathi luqala ngayo. Umsebenzi wendawo yokhenketho lwe-Tom Kamki ubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo umbhali uSheklen, ojonga uMyalelo weHlabathi kunye nentsingiselo yokuba ngabafundi bathathele ingqalelo.
Emva kwexesha, xa wayetyelele eRussia, uSkekley wamangaliswa kukuba umsebenzi wakhe wawuvelisa i-suror enjalo. Kuyaziwa ukuba imifanekiso yamagorha athile yenxalenye yesibini 'yokulungelelaniswa kwemimangaliso "iRobert yabhalwa ngabantu bokwenyani, abalandeli baseRussia. Uthando olumnandi luguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye lube yiklasiki kwihlabathi lentsomi. Phantse iNcwadi yonke inokwahlulwa ibe yingcaphulo - intle kakhulu kwaye ingcinga entsha.
Isiqwenga ngasinye se-mnandi lilizwe elikhethekileyo lentanda-bulumko engaqhelekanga, ukubonakalisa okuhle nokubi, ukufumana intsingiselo yobukho bomntu. Naliphi na iqhawe lomsebenzi kaShekley luphawu olwahlukileyo oluninzi, olubonakaliswa kwiphepha ngalinye elitsha.
URobert Skekle waba ngumbhali weenoveli ezili-15 kunye namabali ama-400. Ngoku imisebenzi yakhe ifundwe kwihlabathi liphela! UShekley ngumnini webhaso le "Wanderer" lezinto eziphunyeziweyo kuhlobo loncwadi "yintsomi", kunye ne-harmar ekhethekileyo.
Ngo-2000, uShekley waqhelana ne-roberto quagh, igama lakhe laziwa ngokubanzi kuluntu olubhaliweyo. Bade basebenza nomsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo, kodwa ngokusweleka nokufa kukaShekiy babesele bengangafumani.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu Intsomi yaseMelika ye-American yavela ukuba nobundlobongela. Umfazi wokuqala, iBarbaru Shardon, uShekley wadibana ngelixa efunda eyunivesithi. Wamzalela amazibulo kaJason, kodwa umtshato wawa.
Umtshato wesibini wabuvimba. Umfazi waseZiva wazala intombi kaRobert Alice, kodwa izimvo zabantu abasandul 'ukutshata zahlukaniswa xa kwakuyimfuneko ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala. Isixeko saseZiva sala ukulandela umyeni wakhe owayefuna ukuhlala eIbiza.
Kwindawo entsha, uRobert Skekley wafumana i-abby schulman. U-Ibhiza waba ngumthombo wokuphefumlelwa kumbhali, kodwa ubudlelwane nomfazi omtsha azange zikhule. Omnye umntu onesikhungo waba selokuqala isibini: USheckley waqokelela yonke imisebenzi yakhe wahamba waya kwimpuma engasekuqaleni.
Indlela yokuyila yombhali yayizele bubunzima ngokunxulumene nolwongezi. Ngamaxesha athile kwakubonakala ngathi umsebenzi wengqondo uvunyelwe ngale ndlela, iinkalo ezintsha zivulekile. Ngo-1990, ukubuyela eLondon, uShekley wala ukutya i-handocinogen. ENew York, wafika lo mxholo u-Omni ", awayiphendula iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi komtshato olandelayo wombhali Joshibell.
Nangona kunjalo, lo mtshato wayengenguye okokugqibela. Owona mfazi uphambili kunye nochuku baba yintatheli uDana gely. Xa uhlala kunye neqabane lesihlanu iShekley iqhubeka isebenza nzima kwaye ineziqhamo.
Ngaphandle kwenani lemitshato, iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, uRobert Sheckley uchithekile wedwa, wayenento eninzi kwaye engaphantsi kakhulu echithe ixesha ngobuchule. Ngo-2005, uShekley wangena eUkraine kwaye wathunyelwa ngokungxamisekileyo esibhedlele.
Ukufa
Indiza eUkraine yayiyeyonakalisa iSayensi ekhulileyo. UShekley waziva egumbini, kwaye wayelaliswa esibhedlele. Indleko yonyango yayingaphezulu kwe- $ 10 yamawaka. Esi sifo sajika samangalisa umbhali, ukuze kuhlawulwe iinkqubo ezixabisa kakhulu, abalandeli baqokelele ingqokelela ebhaliweyo. Inxalenye yexabiso lenziwa ngezopolitiko yaseUkraine, igama lakhe lihlala limfihlo.
Xa imeko yeRobert Skekley iphucule, wabuyela eNew York kunye nentombi ye-Anna. Kodwa oogqirha baza bangenamandla. Kwiminyaka engama-77 ubudala yayingabi yintsomi eyaziwayo. Unobangela wokufa, ngokutsho kweengcali, waba ngu-Aneurysm wengqondo.
Iikowuti
"Indalo ifuna ukuba izigidi zeminyaka, umntu unokucima umgubo ngemini enye!" (Ukutshintshiselana iingqondo) "Kulula ukuqonda indalo kunawe" (ukulungelelaniswa kwemimangaliso) "uthando ngumdlalo oqaqambileyo oqala ngokuzonwabisa" (inqaku le leta) "Ibali lenza izinto ezincinci. Okwangoku inenani elikhulu lezinto ezincinci ezibonakalayo ezazisenziwa kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukuba ufaka enye into kwixa elidlulileyo, ngelo xesha ngokungenasinye isiphumo siya kufumaneka "(wenzakele)" amathontsi amava acocekileyo akhutshwe kwintshabalalo yokuba "(ukulungelelaniswa kwe)I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1954 - "Angahambi apho umlenze wendoda engahambiyo"
- Ngo-1955 - "Ayichukumisi isandla somntu"
- Ngo-1955 - "ummi osendaweni"
- Ngo-1957 - "Uhambo lwasemhlabeni"
- Ngo-1960- "Iingcamango: Ngaphandle kwezithintelo"
- Ngo-1960 - "inqanawa ye-infinity"
- Ngo-1962 - "Shards zeCosmos"
- Ngo-1968 - "Indoda yendoda"
- Ngo-1978 - "irobhothi ejongeka nam"