Biography
I-Pe jiamin Alexandrovich Kaverin ngumbhali waseSoviet waseRussia, i-playwwinstry kunye nowokwolisi. Ilungu leqela le-"raphionov "kunye nokuphumelela kwebhaso le-stalinist. Umbhali weNcwadi ye-Iconic kwizizukulwana ezininzi zabantu abancinci - "inoveli ezimbini" zabaphathi ezimbini, ezazifundwe zezigidi.
I-Pemiamin Zilber-Oku kuvakala igama lokwenyani leprosesi - kuthathe i-pseundesm yendalo. Kwaye naye wazuza njengelifa kwi-prototype-guar no-guata Peterko, umhlobo omncinci uAlexander Pullkin, e-Bred ngaye phantsi kwegama lakhe lokugqibela kwi-Evgenigin - ukuba akhokele ekuqondeni.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali we "Ababini Iikhapteni" wazalwa ngo-1902 e-Pskov, apho kunye nomfazi wakhe Anna kunye nabantwana abathathu ukusuka Vyborg ishukumisa dropmeister le eOmsk elihamba webutho, Alexander Zilber.
E-Pskov, kwakungekho ntsapho incinci e-Pskov: Uninzi lwabafana bongezelelwa kwiintombi ezimbini kunye nonyana, abancinci ababeliza kwixesha elizayo. Emva kwexesha, umbhali uya kubiza usapho lwakhe lucelomngeni, ukuqhayisa, kodwa kungabonakali kwidolophu yakwiphondo.
Intloko yentsapho yayiyindoda enetalente, inesiphiwo somculo. Kwibarracks, apho uZillber-upomentsa i-orchestra, i-Army Roches yenzeka isibini kwisithathu semini. Ke ngendlu kunye nembewu emithandathu, njengoko bendinako, walawulwa ngu-Anna Grigorievna, Mama.
Njengomyeni, uAnna wayengumculo nomfazi onesiphiwo nabafundileyo. Umfundi ophumelele kwi-Moscow udlale i-geruoso kwipiyano kwaye wasindisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali losapho lokutya kunye nezifundo zomculo ohlawulelweyo.
Enamandla, i-Anna i-Anna Zilleber-Dian ihlelwe kwiphondo lezonkalo zamagcisa adumileyo. Ndiyabulela kuye kwi-Pskov, kwi-vera yekomishini ye-Vera yeKomishinivkevskaya kunye neFyodor Shalyapin ezityelele. Bonke abantwana bayazi ukuba badlala njani izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, bafundele kakhulu kwaye banomdla umdla wanika iingxoxo zabantu abadala ezixoxe ngeminyhadala yenkcubeko esixekweni okanye kwilizwe.
I-Peanton engafunekiyo neyabuzayo kakhulu yaphulaphula iingxoxo zabazalwana kunye nabahlobo babo - ababhali bexesha elizayo nakwizisongelo zeYuri Tynyanov, ngo-Agasti we-girone girkavi.
Ngo-1912, i-Cainen yangena kwindawo yokuvolisa yasekhaya. Irisithi yayingeyolula kwinkwenkwe: Ekubeni ukuzalwa kwabantu abasebenza nzima, wasilela kwiimviwo ze-Arithmetic kabini. Iminyaka emi-6 echithwe kwiindonga zendawo yokuzivocavoca yakhunjulwa ziziganeko eziqaqambileyo.
Ubuntwana baphelile ebusika ngo-1918, xa amaJamani angena ePskov. Amagqabi avela kwinyani ye-harsh. Ulutsha-Iifilotists, iisemina, abafundi - baxoxa ngomsebenzi weMaxim Gork, uLeonar Andreeva noAlexander Kurin. U-Ewenyanov wayeligunya kwiKeistin eselula, eyathatha umfazi wakhe uEwena. UTynyanov wagxeka iivesi ze-semi-oneminyaka eli-13 ubudala, nangona wayephawula isilabhasi elungileyo. Wayengowokuqala ukucebisa i-Choir ukubhala iproses.
Uncwadi
Ngo-1919, umbhali wexesha elizayo waya nomntakwabo eMoscow, apho waba ngumfundi waseyunivesithi. Kwingcebiso yeTynyanov ngo-1920, watshintshelwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseMantla eMantla kwaye kwangonyaka omnye wangena kwiZiko leeLwimi zeMpuma.
Iimbongi zikaVemiya Peeveren, ezinamakhonkco, zatyelela iisemina, izifundo, zaza zagqiba kwelokuba zibonise i-telents: olu khuphiswano lubhengezwe yi-Axiomast "elalifumana iprimiyamu. Ibali loMbhali weNovice laphawula gorky.
UVictor Shoklovsky wazisa umbhali oselula kwi-Commonwealth ye "Waraphiodes", apho i-vselod ivanov, eMikhail Zoshhenko, Konstantin Fendan.
"UMzalwan 'uAlchemist", njengoko uKaven wabizwa, wagxeka iziyobisi kwiyelenqe kunye nenkanuko egqithisileyo kwisitayile. I-Bichepavaval Matrov kunye neVenimon: Ivan Turgenev ibizwa ngokuba "ngotshaba oluphambili" kunye ne-sarcastracial "ababhali beRussia" eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-Erffman noRobert Lewis.
Ngo-1923, isiganeko esibalulekileyo semihlaba senzeka kwindalo esiyindalo ye-prozaika eselula: IKeyan Caver yapapashwa incwadi yokuqala yamabali ngokubiza "inkosi kunye nabafundi". Umsebenzi okrakra olandela ubuchule besisango esibizwa ngokuba "ngumbhali wokuqala" osebenza naye.
I-Pe jiamin Canten, njengoko ilungele ukukhululwa, ihleli kwisikolo saseDyunivesithi: Impukane itsale ababhali abancinci baseRussia benkulungwane yokuqala ye-Xix. Ngo-1929, wayekhuselwe kwimbali yobugcisa. Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1930s, ababhali beququzelele imidlalo eyathatyathwa kwi-themba labalawuli abakhutheleyo. I-Vsevodi Meyerse inike intsebenziswano, kodwa wala, egxila kwimikhosi yabo nakwiinoveli.
I-Kaverina yokuqala kathathu iphume xa umbhali ephawula isikhumbuzo se-28. Kodwa ngeminyaka yee-1930s, intetho enetalente yabhengezwa njengombhali, "umqeshwa" watyholwa "ngokubuyiselwa kwe-bourgeois." Izityholo ezinjalo kule minyaka ibimele ukuba zisabele ukuze zingangeni kwii-vills. I-Peidiamin Capin yeza kwikratshi kwaye yabhala inoveli 'yokusebenzisa iminqweno. " Incwadi yayifundwe, kodwa umbhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-Aventring "ye-Uluhlu.
Le ncwadi kwaye ilandelwe "ngabaphathi ababini" basindise i-caverin ukusuka kwi-test ye-Ingo laseNgeyo yaseZilira, iACEMIPE, abatyelele le mikhosi izihlandlo ezithathu. Ngokutsho kwamarhe, inoveli yancomeka uJoseph Stalin. I-Cavery yanikezelwa umvuzo wenkokeli. Kwangelo xesha, umbhali akakwazi ukubakhumbuza ipati, iKomsomol nomphathi ngokwakhe kwinoveli. Incwadi iye yeyona nto idumileyo yeprose.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yeLizwe enkulu, umbhali watyelela umphambili weLeningrad kunye neFlethi yaseMantla njengethambekile i-Izvesta. Amava abonakaliswa ezincwadini, ukuqhubeka kwabaphathi "abaphathi ababini".
Ngo-1946, isigqibo seqela malunga nemifanekiso "yenkanyezi" kwaye "uLeningrad" wapapashwa, apho u-Andrei Zehvanov "ichibi" kunye ne "Breadnitsa". Abahlobo bangaphambili, badibana ne-OP, kukhawulezile ukuya kwelinye icala lesitrato. Kodwa isimo sengqondo malunga nomhlobo wakudala we-caend, obizwa ngokuba yiZshchenko, omnye wababhali ababalaseleyo kakhulu. I-Pe jiamin Canten ishiye i-Opelga, inceda imali.
Ngo-1947, umbhali washiya uLeningrad waza wafudukela kwikomkhulu. Wayehlala ePeredelkino kwaye wasebenza kwi-trilogy "incwadi evulekileyo". Inoveli malunga nokwenziwa kwe-microbiology yakhutshwa ngo-1948 kwaye ithandile abafundi. Kodwa abagxeki kunye noogxa bakho, ababhali bahlangabezana nencwadi etyhobozekileyo. Ababhali be-14 kunye namanqaku abhengeze inoveli ngesakhiwo esinentiyo.
Ngo-1954, kwiCongress 2 yombhali, uVenicon Kaveerein wacela ukuhlonipha inkululeko yendalo kwaye unike uvavanyo olululo lwelifa le-mikhal burgakov kunye noYuri Tymanov. Ngo-1956, i "Assory Moscow" Almanac yapapashwa 2 ye "ncwadi evulekileyo". Amaxesha atshintshile, ukuqhubeka kwenoveli kwahlangatyezwa ngokuzolileyo.
Ngo-1960s, i-Pebamin Cainten kwi "World Linter", ekhokelwa nguAlexander Tvardovsky, amanqaku apapashiweyo apho iZshchenko yazama ukulungisa. Ngeminyaka yee-1970, wakhusela uAlexander Solzhenitsyn.
Ngo-1972, umtshutshisi wazisa abafundi inoveli yasebusweni eqaqambileyo 'phambi kwesipili ", yaye ngo-1976 kukho ibali" elikhanyiselwe iifestile ". Ilifa lendalo le-Creatiamine Caveline Caveline ikwayintsomi entle ye "Verle", "iimvumi zeNemukhinsky", "iTireglass".
Umbhali wayengesosimilo, nangona wayengazibakhusele ngenkalipho osebenza nabo kwi-opal. Uvavanyo olucacileyo kakhulu lwezikhundla kwaye ababhali abaphononongwa phantsi kwawo banikwa kwincwadi yememo "ye-epiloguu", eyabhala "etafileni" nge-1970s. UAlexey Tellstone, iVatan Katav, Konstantin Simonov, wayegxekwa kakhulu.
Ukupapashwa kwe-Epilogue elizweni akunakuba yintetho, kodwa andifuni ukuprinta iimemo phesheya. Unike umbhalo obhalwe ngesandla ukuya kulondolozo lweVladimir Widovich ugxothwe kwi-USSR. Incwadi yapapashwa ngo-1989 kwilizwe lakhe. I-Caverin yayilinde ikopi yomqondiso.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1922, umbhali oselula watshata noLidiya Tynyava, udade womhlobo uYuri Tynyanov. Kumtshato owonwabileyo nongapheliyo, abantwana ababini bazalwa - uNikolai naseNatalia.
Abantwana khange balandele emanyathelweni yabazali (uLidiya Nikolaevna babhalela abantwana) kwaye bakhetha amayeza. Unyana nentombi yaba profesa, bakhusela ogqirha.
Ukufa
IVanimin Cainten yabhala de kufike iintsuku zokugqibela zobomi, kodwa zonke izicwangciso zazingenalo ixesha. Okokugqibela, ukubambelela, incwadi imalunga neTynanonov, ubuhlobo kunye nePenjamimin Alexandrovich iqhutywa ngobomi bakhe.
Umbhali wafa ngentwasahlobo yowe-1989, ekwiminyaka engama-87. Ndingcwatywe umbhali wabaphathi "abaphathi ababini" kwi-vaganka yendawo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1923 - "IiMasters kunye nabaNcedisayo"
- Ngo-1925 - "Ishumi leSithukuthezi sekamva"
- Ngo-1925 - "ukuphela kweHaza"
- Ngo-1928 - "Scandalist, okanye ngokuhlwa kwi-vasilytevy Island"
- Ngo-1929 - "O. I. Ikovsky (Baron Brambus) "
- Ngo-1931 - "Arestist engaziwa"
- Ngo-1934-1936 - "UkuSekelwa kweminqweno"
- Ngo-1938-1944 - "umphathi ezimbini"
- Ngo-1949-1956 - "Incwadi Evulekileyo"
- Ngo-1957-1959 - "umhlobo ongaziwayo"
- Ngo-1960 - "Isilayi seglasi"
- Ngo-1962 - "izibini zeentaka ezihlambulukileyo"
- Ngo-1962 - "ukutshiza imvula"
- Ngo-1963-1964 - "UMVUZO WOKUGQIBELA"
- Ngo-1972 - "Phambi kwesipili"
- Ngo-1978 - "Uhambo lwegumbi ezimbini"
- Ngo-1983 - "Inzululwazi yokuhlulela"
Imemori
- Ukuhlonitshwa kwe-V. A. Kavelin, i-Asteroid veakaverin ibizwa (2458 veniakavern)
- Ilitye lesikhumbuzo kumagorha abhalwayo "- iTatarinov kunye neGrigorinov - ezikwisixeko sasePkov, kwisikwere phambi kwe-v. A. Kavelin
- Indawo "yobuthi babini" (i-Polyarny Murmansk) ibizwa emva kwegama elifanayo Roma V. A. Kavelin