Biography
Hur-Hufu - UFaro wesibini wolawulo lwamandulo lwaseJiphutha wase-Egypt - osaziwa ngokuba yiGroce yeGrisi. Kwimbali kaFaro kungeniswe ngenxa yokuqalisa ipiramidi enkulu eGiza. Iphiramidi yeHufur idlula kwabanye kwaye yaba ngomnye wehlabathi "lemimangaliso esixhenxe yehlabathi", yeyona inokwenzeka kubudala.
Ukuseka isikhumbuzo kwinkulungwane, i-heops ihlawule ngokugqithisileyo ngobuqaqawuli obudala: Ababhali-mbali abatyholwa ukuba ukwenziwa kwe-giant igqibile izixhobo zikarhulumente, kunye nabantu ababephila ngexesha elide bayithiya iTirana. Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, amaJiphutha athathwa njenge-Kunnum Hudu Gqilele kwaye umlawuli obonisiweyo kwaye wasebenza kuye ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa, ebizwa ngokuba ngababhali-ntsapho bakudala zizikali zengcwaba.
Ubomi neBhodi yeBhodi
UHufa ngunyana wabazali ababalaseleyo: i-furraon sannery snorfer kunye tsaritsay hietepherephe d. Eli gama lithetha ukuthi, "UThixo undikhusela." Idropoti yase-Egypt yase-Egypt iyaziwa kwaye iphantsi kwamanye amagama: i-headota yena heops, i-rododota, uSicilia wambiza, abanye ababhali-mbali bazakhuliswa nguSufis I kunye neSamis. Umlawuli wayenegama letrone - iKhoir-medez.
UFaro wazalwa eYiputa. Emva koko, isixeko, apho wavela khona, ogama linguMermiant-houf ("Komilitsa Huf"). Ngexesha lolawulo lukaHeeoksse - uFaro Snofer - 3 iiphiramidi wavela.
Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba heps batshintshela uyise ekubanjeni kwiminyaka engama-30: unyaka wama-27 karhulumente ukhunjulwa kwiPapyrus efunyenweyo. Izatifikethi zokuphakamisa zibonisa irula ngumakhi wezixeko (inqaba yeSixeko) kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezibhankini zomNayile.
Kwipapile egciniweyo, i-heopse -ct, eyathumela umkhosi eSinayi ukohlwaya abalingane, ngokuphanga, ukohlwaya umphulaphuli. Injongo yesibini yohambo kukumbiwa kweedipozithi zobhedu kunye "nelitye lolonwabo", njengoko kwabizwa i-turquiise. Yafunyanwa ingqwalaselo ePhakamileyo neYiphutha, apho kwafunyanwa iGranite exabisekileyo.
Ngeentsomi zokuqala, ama-hueops ayenamaqabane ama-4, amagama amabini alondolozwe: afumana noHenutsen. Abafazi bamnika oonyana neentombi ezili-15. Amagama oonyana boonyana bezinto zakudala noososayensi bafunda ukufundisa imibhalo emangcwabeni esikalini se-El Giza.
Intombi ye-hietepherefe II yaqala yatshata nabazalwana bePivoti kwaye yaba ngukumkanikazi. Emva kokubhubha kukaTata, itrone yaya kunyana kaJedfra, eyayilawulwa iminyaka esi-8. Kumaxesha amandulo, ingcwaba likaJedfra libambekile kwaye litshabalalisiwe.
Ukufa
Iintloko zasweleka ngo-2566 ngomonde kaKristu. Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba uHerodotus, abantu ababekudala bathiyile iDepotis kunye noMlawuli oPhekayo. U-Hops wahlutha iitempile, kwaye ukwakhiwa kweepiramidi kusenze buthathaka kwaye kwabangela ukuwa kwendlu. Kukho iingcinga ezafa ngokufa ngobundlobongela ezandleni zabakhonzi besihlanu, negama likaFaro emva kokuba ivaliwe.Ukuvula iPiramidi
Ukuhlala ngonaphakade kwimbali yeHemi kwanceda ukwakhiwa kwengcwaba enkulu. Inkqubo yokwakha yawo ithathe ishumi leminyaka. UFaro oselula wamemelelela ukuba aqhubeke ekwakhiweni kwephiramidi yakhe eyayinokungathatheli indawo katata oswelekileyo. Waphupha ngokumangalisa ilizwe lonke kunye nobukhulu obungakhange bubonwe ngaphambili kunye nokuphakama kwengqondo.
Entlango, wafumana itafile yaseStony, enokufumana ubunzima obungaphezulu kwe-6 yezigidi zeetoni. Indawo yokudlala i-7 km West giza nasezantsi kwe-fustat (cairo). I-Hut ("Svetok") - Igama lakudala lengcwaba le-hews-yaba yinto yokuqala kwi-piramidi yendlu yobukumkani. Umyili we-Arvit kunye nolwakhiwo kwale wabizwa ngokuba nguHemioune, wayenxulumene noFaro.
Ukuphakama kokuqala kwengcwaba - i-146.6 m. Kuleaday, ipiramidi ye-Chems, iinyikima zomhlaba kunye nelahleko yePyramidion ye-tet.
Bakha idyasi ngokusonga i-tier kwi-TIER 2.3 yezigidi zezigidi zeebhloko ezinobunzima obuvela kwi-2,5 yeetoni, ezityelwe ezinyaweni zethambeka laseStony. Bayenziwa ngokwezifinyezwa omnye komnye ngokuchaneka kangangokuba ibala alizange lenzeke kwizithuba. Izisombululo ze-Binder azisebenzisanga. Sasijongene nengcwaba elinelitye elimhlophe lekhephu, elalimiliselwe kwelinye ibhanki yomNayile kwaye ithuthwe ecaleni komlambo.
Kwizivumelwano zeHerodotus, kuthiwa ingcwaba lakhiwe abantu abangama-100 lamawaka, belutshintshwa qho kwiinyanga ezintathu. Kwangelo xesha, ukungaphazamisi omnye komnye, amawaka asibhozo abasebenzi abanobuchule basebenza. Abalingane bathathe inxaxheba ekwakheni, xa kwakugalelwe umlambo kwaye umsebenzi wezolimo uphelile. Abasebenzi bahlawule umvuzo, banika ukutya nempahla.
Ngokutsho kolwazi olugciniweyo, iiMasters ezigqunywe iipleyiti ezijongene nesipili, ke iphiramidi ibonakala ngathi iqinile i-monolith eqinileyo kwaye ityhafile kwisibane se-lunar kwaye siqaqambile njengekristale. KumaXesha Aphakathi, iiplate zokujongana nokudityaniswa, zisebenzisa iCairo ngokuza kwakhiwa.
Ukubetha irekhodi elinesantya esiphezulu sesakhiwo kuphela ngo-1889: I-Eiffel tower yafikelela kuma-300 m. Iphiramidi enkulu ye-Herbsy - isakhiwo sokuqala se-gobys of Gysysy, equka iipiramidi ezintathu - hefren Kwaye uMicherin, kwigadi ye-sphinex - isithsaba soyilo lwamandulo wase-Egypt.
Ngaphakathi kwingcwaba eliyintloko-inethiwekhi ye-sys efakwe kwi-parridor-igadi yegadi engama-47 m, ekhokelela kwigumbi likaFaro. Igumbi elineGranite lineGranite linobude obuyi-5.8 m, indawo yayo yi-10.3 m nge-5,3 m ngecala lasempumalanga lafunyanwa. Ngaphambili, hietepheres ndaphanga eMaidom, kwaye iintloko zamgatya ukumkanikazi kwiphiramidi yakhe.
Imfihlelo yokuqholwa kwemizimba yemizimba yabalawuli base-Egypt ayivelwanga ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Uninzi lweemanzi ezininzi ziye zasinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Izimvo ezikhutshiweyo ngexesha lokubekwa ngaphakathi kwi "Izinto zokusebenzisa", iinqanawa zakhe zifunyenwe ecaleni kwe-sarcophagi.
Imifanekiso eliqela yeHyopstick igcinwe. Ukongeza kwii-Mlawuli, apho umlawuli eqingqiwe kwiingubo ezimhlophe kunye nesithsaba esibomvu, i-Stateeette efumaneka kwitempile ye-Osiris yi-Stateris enobude obuyi-7.6 cm. Intloko edumileyo kaFaro Iboniswa kwiMyuziyam Munich, Granite - eBrooklynsky, kwinxalenye yentloko - eBoston.
Abantu ababephila ngexesha lokuphumla bazamile ukuzama ukuphanga iiphiramidi. I-Caliph yeBaghdad al-hamun yayingamameli izibongozo kunye noncedo lweengcali kwimilo efumileyo yepiramidi ebusweni bePiramidi. Indawo yokuthambisa yayinkcenkceshelwa ngeviniga ebizayo, emva koko yakhupha inkunzi yegusha. Ukuvula intshukumo kwigalari, abaphangi bafika engcwabeni, kodwa abafumananga.
Ezantsi kweHofu ngexesha lokumbiwa, iikeyiki ezinekhefu zemisedare zafunyanwa, zenziwe ngaphandle kwezipikili kunye nezihangeli. Babegcinwe bexinekile kwifom. Ingcambu ende kakhulu (43.6 m) ye-1224 yeenxalenye zabenzi zokubuyisa iqokelelene: "Ilanga elinelanga" le-heps ligcinwe kwimyuziyam kwicala elingasezantsi lengcwaba.
Iintsomi
Ngo-1798, ingcwaba leHehe latyelela uNapoleon. Olu tyelelo luphuthile ukuqikelela kunye neentsomi. Ngokwezatifikethi ezibhaliweyo ezigciniweyo, umlawuli waphulaphula iintsomi ezimnyama zepiramidi ekhuselwe kukuhlaselwa kwemimoya, kwaye wahleka. Kodwa emva kokundwendwela ingcwaba lasebukhosini, apho washiya umntu kangangemizuzu engama-20, waphuma enobutsha kunye nama amehlo omdaka. Emva kombuzo wombuzo wezareji ezingekho mthethweni, ukuba kunjalo nangombono owoyikekayo uNapoleon, wancwina, wathi:
"Kutheni le nto iyimfuneko! Ngapha koko, awukakholelwa! "Imfihlakalo I-French Fornman yayinguNaphakade. Abaxhasi beethiyori zokuqonda bachaza ukungabikho kukaMummy Faround Cardy kwiCyramidi yakhiwe ngabaphambukeli okanye i-Atlanta, eyafunyanwa impucuko yomfula ongcwele.
Kukho iingcinga ezizenzelwe ukuba i-huoof yayingeyonjongo yokungcwatywa, kuba kwigumbi lenkomo alizange lizibuze kwimihlobiso, kwaye i-sarquegus yomzimba yokumkani iyazifikelela kwaye ngaphandle kwekhava. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba i-mummy heops iphumle kwingcwaba elingaphantsi komhlaba kwiholo embindini wechibi. Oku kuchaza ukucoceka kweentombi ezinyulu, apho abaphandi bokuqala baseYurophu bafumana kwinkulungwane ye-Xix. Apho "ubutyebi be-heps" buqhutywa-imfihlakalo kunye ne-sholine.
Imemori
- Ngo-Epreli 2013, bekukho i-Dozer Spyrus ye-Dozen yonyaka wama-27 yolawulo lwe-Tsar KHUSU. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu yidayari ye-papyrus ye-merree, igosa lamandulo lase-Egypt elalithathe inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwePiramidi eGiza.
- Iithiyori ezithandwayo malunga nokwakhiwa kwepiramidi ngabaphambukeli nge-orion okanye iAtlanta. Ithiyori ye-cosmic yemvelaphi yePiramidi iba sisiseko sefilimu kunye nongcelele lwamanqaku "ISango leNkwenkwezi".
- Amaxesha eBhodi yeHoufa abonakaliswa kwifilimu yaseMelika yowe-1955 "umhlaba we-rofu" (kwindima yeHofu - iBriton Jack Hawkins).
- Impembelelo "yobulumko" (kwiminyaka yoqobo "yomdlalo wekamva") wombhali wase-Egypt uNaghiba uvela ngexesha lolawulo lwe-heps.