Biography
I-Jan Vermeer yi-Artist ye-netherlands yeNetheherlands yeNetherlands, ubomi bayo, njengokuyila, ijikelezwe ngokuqikelela kunye nokucinga. Inyani yile yokuba ngexesha lobomi be-vermeer, kunye nexesha elithile emva kokuba efile, iinkosi zangazange zibangele ukuba zibonakale, nangona zathengiswa kwangoko. Uninzi lwe-canvanes lwaluphulukene nalo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha, ingqalelo yababhali-mbali abanobugcisa batsala indalo i-genius elilityelweyo, kwaye ngoku igama elingu-Yana vermeer lime kumqolo omnye we-Pemrandt Wang Rauina, Jan Bruegel.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Iintsomi zivela ngqo ukusuka ekuqaleni kwebhayiloji ye-Jan Vermeer Delft. Igama lesidlaliso lokugqibela, umzobi wafumana indawo yokuzalwa etyholwa - isixeko saseDelft. Ivelaphi i-vermeer (kwaye umculi wazalwa nge-31 ka-Okthobha nge-31 ka-1632), kodwa olo lwazi lulondolozwe ukuba abazali babhaptize i-yana encinci eDelft. Inkosi yasithanda esi sixeko, enye yeepeyinti zakhe ibizwa ngokuba - "uhlobo lwe-Defet." Kwi-canvas, umculi wakwazi ukudlulisela ubuhle noxolo lwale ndawo.
Utata womculi wexesha elizayo wayenendawo yakhe entsha yentendelezo kunye nendawo yokutyela, kwaye isebenza njengenkosi yokuluka kwiilaphu zesilika. Ngapha koko, lo mntu wayeyazi iqashiso ngemisebenzi yobugcisa, waza wazamkela abanye babarhwebi nabaqokeleli. Mhlawumbi kutheni u-Yang vermeer ngenye inqaku kwaye waba nomdla wokupeyinta.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ngo-1653, umfana omncinci wathabatha umbutho wobugcisa weSt. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweMigaqo yobulungu kolu luntu, ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwiGuild Gail, umzobi kufuneka afunde kumcebisi onamava kwisithuba seminyaka emithandathu. Owabanje ngoJan vermeer, akaziwa.
Iinguqulelo ziyahluka: ngokutsho komnye wabo, i-vermeer "inamathele kwisandla saseLeonart E-Gramera, kwenye injongo-ngutitshala womfana wayengumdwebi owaziwayo uGerard. Ukuba kunjalo, i-vermeer yayingabahlobo abanesifo seenkosi zombini.
Elinye ingcinga elinezizathu ezivakalayo, yinguqulelo eyayise uKarel Fabristius yaba ngutitshala kwaye inyanzela i-Jan Vermee. Kukho ulwazi olufika ngalo mdlalo we-delft ngexesha apho umntu oselula otyhutyha abanye. Kukwakwindlela yokupeyinta i-vermeter (ngakumbi kwasekuqaleni), ubuchule bukaPeter de Heha, owona msebenzi wabo wayethandwa nguJansu.
Ukupeyinta
Xa utata ka-Yana waswelekayo, umfana kwakufuneka enze imicimbi yeTavern, owahlala owona mthombo wengeniso yosapho. Nangona i-vermeer ngeli xesha wayesele ephethe isikhundla sobugcisa kwi-ART ye-ART ye-ART. ULuka (kwaye enyanisweni ayikhokelayo), ayizanga ingeniso.
Kwangelo xesha, iipeyinti zomculi zazithandwa ziingcali zobugcisa kwaye zakhawuleza zafumana abathengi. Kungekudala, i-vermeer yafumana abakhweli abasisigxina: hendrik wang ukuthenga, ipecari yendawo, kunye noJacob Grisius, umniniisifundisane.
Ekuqokelelwa kwaba bantu, ngolwazi olwahlukileyo, ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi emibini yomculi yagcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, ihleli ingachazelwanga, nokuba i-vermeer ibhaliwe kwizihloko ezi-odolwe, okanye inikwe iVan Buuytin kunye neDyssous ilungelo lokufumana indalo entsha.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uJan Vermeeer wayedume ngokungathi ngumculi onetalente, kodwa injengengcali kunye nengcali yezinto zobugcisa. Baphathwa ukuba bafumanise okanye baqinisekise ubunyani beelaphu ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, italente yayo, umzobi akazange adlulisele nabani na - ababhali-mbali kunye nababhali-mbali badibene kwiinguqulelo apho umfundi eVermeeer engazange.
Inqaku elahlukileyo lemisebenzi ye-yana vermeers ngababhali-ntsapho kunye neenkcukacha zomhlaba wedolophu. Kodwa imifanekiso yomntu umculi ethanda ukumisela kuphela kwimifanekiso kuphela, ukuba umntu oboniswe ngumntu obonakale kwimbonakalo yomhlaba, wayehlala ebaluleke kakhulu.
Omnye wemizekelo eqaqambileyo "yepeyinti engaphakathi" ithathwa njengomfanekiso wendibano yocweyo obhalwe yinkosi ngo-1666. Lo ngumsebenzi kade, apho i-vermera ikwazile ukudlulisela imeko ye-Wizard. Kukholelwa ukuba umfanekiso womculi uJan vermeer wabhala kubo. Kwakhona, umzekelo wemozulu engaphakathi edluliselweyo, ipeyinti "i-Girls Funda ileta efestileni" kwaye "i-thrush" ithathelwa ingqalelo.
Ukongeza, i-vermeer yayiyiNkosi ebizwa ngokuba "nguThando". Le mvakalelo iyeyona ntshukumisa iphambili yepeyinti yamagcisa amaninzi. Izigameko zekhaya ezilula zidlulisa kakhulu uxolo kunye nokuhambelana kwabalinganiswa kunye noseto. Rhoqo imodeli kunye neMyuziyam yeJan vermeter baba liqabane lakhe, umzekelo woku leli gosa "lokupeyinta kunye nentombazana esalathisayo".
Utsale umculi kunye nabantwana babo: Ngokufanelekileyo umfanekiso "ntombazana enemicitho yePearl" ngumfanekiso wentombi yomculi. Kwakhona, sebenzani 'umzobo wentombazana eselula "ithathelwa ingqalelo omnye umfanekiso wentombi kaVermeer. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba zombini iimifanekiso (zikwahamba ngokukodwa kubazezinzulu eziqhelekileyo) Umculi wabhala ngoncedo lweScrightCreen.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi boSapho i-Yana vermeer bonwabile. Kwi-1653 yoBugcisa be-1653 itshatile nentombazana egama linguCatarina Bnean. Imeko inzima ukwala kuphela umama womtshakazi wentombazana yakhe ethandekayo. Inyani yile yokuba usapho Catarina lubethelela ubuKatolika, i-vermeer yayingumProtestanti.
Kodwa kungekudala, sibone isimo sengqondo sika-Yana Vermee kwintombazana yakhe, laya kuvuma umtshato. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube sekupheleni kobomi, uMaria Bneling, umama waseVermeer, akazange avume ukukhetha kwentombi yakhe, ukubala uYana athambile kakhulu kwaye umntu ongenguye umntu omncinci. ICatarina iveliswe liqabane labantwana abayi-15. Ngelishwa, amane afa ebuntwaneni.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi buka-Yana vermeer yagutyungelwa yimfuno. Umzobi, kude kube lelo xesha, ababengazazi iingxaki zezinto ezibonakalayo, bajongana nemfuneko yokuthatha iimali mboleko, bacele imboleko-mali kwaye unciphise iziphelo. Ayizange icothe ukuze ichaphazele imeko yokuziphatha: Inkosi yaqala ukungcambu, impilo ye-vermeer yacetyiswa ngamandla. Kukho nohlobo oluyindima enkulu edlalwa kwaye uqhawulo-mtshato lukaJan vermeer nenkosikazi yakhe ithandekayo, kodwa akukho siqinisekiso sale mibono.
Izizathu zokusweleka komculi zisakhupha: i-chaxing okanye iimeko ezichanekileyo okanye iimeko azifumani. Ngokufanelekileyo, uJan Vermeer Wid Sofe ngenxa yokuba i-Ervausis eyomeleleyo, ekugqibeleni yaphembelela impilo yomlindi. Yenzeka ngoDisemba 15, 1675. Umculi wayeneminyaka engama-43 kuphela ubudala. I-Vermeer iphumle kwikhalo le-wirpt kwi-high yomhlaba.
Kwiminyaka engama-20 emva kokufa kukaJan vermee, ngeminyaka ye-1696th, ifandesi yenzekile, apho i-21 yomsebenzi womculi yatyhilwa. Abanye babo balahlekile ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye ngoku izazinzulu kwaye ababhali-mbali abangamagcisa bathetha malunga ne-16 yepeyinti ye-vermeer. Enye i-5 ye-Devases isahlala ingumxholo weembambano kwaye akazange amkelwe ngokusemthethweni yimisebenzi yeNkosi.
I-Flisifiers, ukuxelisa umsebenzi we-Yana Vermeer, kwakonwatyilwa yimeko efanayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo "yokumisa imifanekiso" ibizwa ngokuba nguKhan Wang Megerene, ofumene igama kwi-fakes.
Umsebenzi we-vermeer wakhuthaza abanye abantu abaneetalente. Ngenxa yoko, inani lezifilimu zexwebhu kunye nezamagcisa zinikelwe kwimizobo yakhe, iileta "ze-Opera eziya kwi-Termer" yomqambi ", kunye nefirri", emva koko ifunwe nguMlawuli we-Peterbber. Kulo mfanekiso, uxela ngobomi buka-Yana Vermeer, uColin Firth Joid, Scarlett Johansson, uTom Wilkinson, Dilian Murphy.
Ukupeyinta
- Malunga ne-1653-1654 - "Diana kunye nabahlobo"
- Malunga no-1654-166 - "UKristu kwiNdlu kaMarta noMariya"
- 1656 - "tyhala"
- Malunga ne-1656-1657 - "Intombazana yokulala"
- Malunga ne-1657-1659 - "Intombazana efunda ileta ngefestile"
- Malunga ne-1657 - "igosa kunye nentombazana ehlekisayo"
- Malunga ne-1660-"thrush"
- Malunga ne-1663-1664 - "Umfazi ophethe isikali"
- Malunga ne-1665-1667 - "Intombazana enePearl Cacings"
- 1668 - "I-Astronomer"