Biography
Igosa langaphambili uAlexander Litvinesko, olisebenzele ngaphambi kwetayitile ye-chibl fsb, waqala ukugxeka abasemagunyeni baseRussia. Abadanga bagxothwa kwaye batyholwa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi. Ngenxa yoko, u-Litvinnko wanyanzelwa ukuba ubaleke e-UK. Ibhayiloji kunye neemeko zokufa kwakhe zisenomdla.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Litvinenko Alexander Halterovich wazalwa nge-4 kaDisemba ngo-1962 kwisixeko saseVoronezh. UNina Pavlovna, Mama, uMolist Economist, kwaye utata Walter Aleksandrovich - Captain yamandla angaphakathi.
Xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka emi-2 ubudala, abazali bagqiba kwelokuba baqhawule umtshato, uAlexander wasala nonina. Bafudukela kwisixeko saseNalchik ukomeleza impilo kaSasha, ngoko nangoko wayedla ubomi ngotat'omkhulu nomakhulu.
Kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala, u-Litvinnko ufike emkhosini. Emva kokuzihlaziya, iba yindawo yesikolo ephakamileyo yomkhosi wemicimbi yangaphakathi kwiSixeko saseRhonkize. Xa ufunda iziphelo, indoda iqala ukukhonza kwimikhosi evumelana.
Inkonzo yezelizwe
Xa uAlexander Livonko wayeneminyaka engama-24 ubudala, wangena kwinkonzo kwiKGB, apho wayenenxaxheba kwimicimbi yokubethelelwa kwezixhobo. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, le ndoda yaphumelela kwelona hloko lezithoba eliphezulu. Kwangelo xesha linye, uAlexander wafudukela kwisebe elifanelekileyo.
Ukuba ngumqeshwa oSebenzayo weOfisi ye-FSB ukusukela ngonyaka ka-1991, ubuqhetseba banxamnye nobunqolobi nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngo-1997, u-Litvinesnko watshintshelwa kwisithuba sesekela-intloko yenye yezahlulo ze-URPO.
Ngo-1998, ngexesha lentlanganiso kunye namaphepha-matshini, yena kunye neqela lezikhundla banika ingxelo yokuba bafumene i-odolo yokuphelisa uSekela-cam weBhunga lezoKhuseleko kwiRussian Federation - I-Boris Berezovsky. Ezi zenzo zacengcelwa, owayekho ngelo xesha wayekhonza njengentloko ye-FSB. Ngenxa yoko, aba basebenzi beendleko zexabiso le-Deed.
Ngo-1999, uAlexander Litvinnko wavalelwa waza wathunyelwa kwi-ssizo ye-FSB. Kwixa elizayo, inkundla iya kugwetywa umntu, kodwa uya kuqulunqe ngokukhawuleza kwityala lesibini. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2000, eli tyala liya kuvalwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwaphulo-mthetho.
Emva kwexesha elincinci, ukuveliswa kwemveliso entsha kuvulekile, kodwa ngeli xesha litvinesnko lakhululwa xa kubhaliswa okungabonakaliyo. Emva koko, le ndoda ibaleka ivela elizweni ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko. Oku kubandakanya ukuvulwa kwetyala le-4. I-United Kingdom ngo-2001 ibonelela ngokhuseleko lwezopolitiko.
U-Litvinenko ugxininise ukuba malunga nohlobo lwenkonzo awayengakwazi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukukhupha iimfihlo zeRussia. ELondon, igosa langaphambili lalihlala kwincwadana yemigaqo evela kwi-Berezovsky ye-Berezovsky kunye nemirhumo kwisiphelo sentengiselwano yorhwebo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba baseRussia neBritane. Ngo-2002, iNkundla yeRussian Federation ikhuphe isivakalisi sembalelwano: Iminyaka emi-3.5 ngokwesiphatho.
Indoda inike udliwanondlebe kwaye wabhala amanqaku, etyhola ulawulo lwaseRashiya kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ubomi Buqu
IGosa langaphambili lalinemitshato emi-2. Iqabane lokuqala nguNatalia, wayeqhelene ukususela ebuntwaneni. Xa uAlexander wayehlala eFarzino, wayengabahlobo nomzala wentombazana, ngenxa yoko wayehlala etyelela ekhayeni labo. Kodwa unxibelelwano lwaphukile - u-LitvinseKo kwafuneka aye eNalchik.
Ulutsha lwatshata xa uNatalia wayeneminyaka eli-19 ubudala, kwaye uAlexander - wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, wayesafundela esikolweni. Ubomi obudibeneyo buye baqhubeka ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10. Ngeli xesha lexesha, usapho lwahamba kakhulu kwilizwe lonke, babehlala eNovosibirsk, naseTver, naseNovoskovsk. Ukusuka kumtshato wokuqala, uLivinsenko wazalela kubantwana ababini: Sofia no-Alexander.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yama-90, uguqulelo kwiLubyanka lwalubulala usapho. Umsebenzi wokuqala ufuna ukuhlala rhoqo kwindlu yamaqabane ahlukeneyo, abaye bagqogqa imali. Yayingamanani awazise uAlexander nomfazi wakhe wesibini uMarina. U-Litvinseko washiya usapho xa intombi yakhe ibingekho 2 ngaphezulu, kwaye unyana wakhe wayeneminyaka emi-6. Nangona kunjalo, iqabane langaphambili alizange liphendule ngoAlexandra kakubi, umbizela ekufeni kwentlekele.
Kumtshato wesibini, uAlexander noMarina bazalela unyana ka-Anatoy. Kwixa elizayo, wafunda kwiKholeji yaseyunivesithi ngokukhetha umgaqo-nkqubo waseMpuma Yurophu njengobuchule. Ukukhetha kweziko kwaba ngumrhumo kwinkumbulo kaBawo, eyaphuma kwiwadi yonyango olunzulu lwekliniki yasekholejini. Kudliwanondlebe, ukuthandwa kuka-2015, waphawula ukuba utata wakhe wazama ukwenza ngcono iRussia.
Ityhefu nokufa
NgoNovemba 2006 baba le yokugqibela yabasebenzi beenkonzo ezikhethekileyo, wayenetyhefu yityhefu yerediyo. Ngokusekwe kuluvo lophando, ityhefu yenjongo yenzeka kwihotele yaseMillennium ngexesha lentlanganiso noMlingane we-Andrei Lugo Lougov kunye neShimiry Dhittary Kovtun.
Emva kwetyhefu, imeko ka-Litvinenko yenziwe isibi esibi kakhulu, kwaye ngaphandle kwemizamo ye-pootymotologists ehlangabezana nesilitho, iqhubekile inkulu. NgoNovemba 23, 2006, uAlexander Livonko wasweleka, wangcwatywa kumangcwaba eSikhumbuzo seSikhumbuzo seSikhumbuzo.
Ngenxa yokuvulwa, kwacaca ukuba ukufa kwenzekile ngenxa yetyhefu kunye ne-radio-210. Emva koko emva koko walandela ukukhangela i-fenment kule nto kwiLondon. Kwaye abo baboniswe kwiindawo ezi-3: IHodelenium yase-Abrakadabra yeKlabhu kunye ne-Emirates Stadium, apho i-Emirates ibukele umdlalo phakathi kweLondon Arsenal neRsan Cska.
Isiphumo sasungulwa ukuba ngomhla wetyhefu i-LitvinseKo nayo yayinentlanganiso ne-Mario Scaramella, ethathwa njengengcali ngokhuseleko. Entlanganisweni, ngokutsho kukaMario, wanikela amaxwebhu a-Alexander ngokubhekisele ekubulaweni kuka-Annavskaya.
I-POLONIA-210 i-POLONIA-210 ifunyenwe kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya i-2 yezikhululo zeenqwelo moya eHeathrow, nasentsimini eHamburg, esatsala umdla kwi-DIMMMTUN. Phantse abantu abangama-700 abajongwa kwityhefu yerediyo, kodwa kwakungekho zimpawu zinzima.
Ngaphambi kokufa, i-Colonel yangaphambili i-FSB yamkela i-Islam yaza yaya kumngcwabe ngokuhambelana nezithethe ze-musfi. Ngokutsho kweBerezovsky, esi sigqibo yayiyimbonakalo ethile yobumbano kunye nabantu e-chechen. Lo ngumfanekiso wemfazwe yemfazwe ekukhuleni kwamaNazi ngokunxulumene namaJuda, abantu bezinye iicawa kunye nelizwe banxiba i-Armmand eneenkwenkwezi ezithandathu.
Kwiintsuku nje zakutshanje, uAlexander Livnonko wazisa ingxelo, apho wabhengeza amatyala amaGodi baseRussia kunye neVladimir Spin, owayengulowo "nkqo." Kwakhona, le ndoda yabhala intando yaza yacela uMaria LitvinKo ukwenza ifoto yakhe.
Ngale ndawo malunga nentlekele, isikrelemnqa samazwe aphesheya, esibi kakhulu phakathi kweMoscow kunye neLondon. Inkcaso kunye nabameli beNtshona batyhola inkokeli yaseRussia ekuphelisweni kwegosa elongeze isifungo. Kodwa uPubin wazisola kuphela ukuba intlekele yakho isebenza njengeyona nto iphambili kwezopolitiko. I-United Kingdom wayekholelwa ukuba uLivonko wabulawa, kodwa ekukhokeleni kwabantu ababekrokrelwa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho, iRussia yala. Emva koko, bakuvuyela ukuzibandakanya ekubulaweni.
Ngo-Epreli ngo-2018, iOfisi ye-Hambgrictor yafumanisa ukuba i-poloniy "yayiseLondon ngaphambi kokuba ifike apho i-Lugavoy neKovtun." Nanga amagama bomcebisi kumtshutshisi ngokubanzi weRussia:
- Ngokwesiphelo semfundo, olona nqanaba luphezulu lwafunyanwa kwi-Ofisi yeLondon yeBerezovsky, kunye nomzimba wommi wase-Itali - Scaramella.
Kwangoko, uphando lwe-Great Britain lwaphikisa ukuba ityhefu ye-Litvonko ngumsebenzi wezandla zorhulumente waseRussia. Emva koko, wazilahla ezona zityholo, ukuphawula ubunjani bophando.
Imemori
- Ngo-2015, uAlexander LitvinKe wakho wasebenza njenge-prototype eyenye yabalinganiswa abaphambili (Alexander Volkov) yefilimu yesi-8 yefilimu ye-8. Indima ye-volkova yenze umdlali we-kirill vetno.
- I-SilasEv R. A. 100 yeMussimu edumileyo "yaseRussia". - Yekternburg: Yekaternburg Diocese, iSebe lobufundisi, 2016. - 216 iphe. Iikopi ezingama-500.
- U-Litvinseko, Alexander - Inqaku eLentapia. Unyaka ka-2012.
- Ingxowa mali ka-Litvinenko yeNgxowa-mali
- Wayengubani u-Mnu. Livenko?
- Imemori ye-Alexander Litvinesnkon
- "I-FSB iqhuma iRussia" - Incwadi ka-Alexander Litvinnko noYurifolta, ezinikezelwe kwi-Exon Filshta, ezaziququzelela izakhiwo zezakhiwo zabanqolobi kwi-1999, kubandakanya nendima ye I-FSB kwisehlo eRyazan ngoSeptemba 22, 1999.
- Iqela leLubyanka yolwaphulo-mthetho yincwadi ka-Alexander LitvineskonKo lencwadi ka-Alexandern yenzelwa iinguqu ezichaziweyo zeNkonzo zoKhuseleko lwaseRussia kumbutho wolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nombutho ogcweleyo.
- Ifilimu ye-Andrei Nekrasova: i-riot. Ityala le-Litvinesnko