Biography
UPaul Verlin yimbongi yaseFransi, ummeli oqaqambileyo wokuhamba koncwadi, njengophawu kunye nokunyanzelwa, ngokwe-maxim gork-ishumi leminyaka. Imibongo yakhe inobuchule, umculo, icwangciswe ngendlela ekhethekileyo - kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-siphelo, ulwabiwo lwesandi elithile kunye nenguqulelo ethile. U-Relone unokubizwa ngokuba yinguqulelo yokuguqula i-French kunye nemibongo yehlabathi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Uzalelwe uPaul-Marie ogcwele kwisixeko saseMetz. Yenzeka nge-30 kaMatshi 1844. Bazali benkwenkwe - i-nicolas-auguste verlin, i-Aptuste Verlin, noEliza-Juli-Jali uJoseph-Jali-Stephanie Dede. Utata-emkhosini, kwaye oku kuthetha rhoqo kusapho. Elindelwe eMetz, iMontpellier, Nimea, iseti. Bahlala kwindawo enye, eBatinale, idolophu yedolophu yaseParis, kuphela xa utata wosapho erhoxa erhoxa.
Ukubhala imibongo yaqala eneminyaka eli-14, ngo-1858. Emva koko inkwenkwe yadibana ne-hugo, ebanville, Gathorier, eBedler, Lekonta de Lily, glade. Imbongi encinci inesifo sokubhala i-hugo kwaye ithumele kwileta leyo "ukufa".
I-Verlene iqala ukufundisisa kwigumbi lendawo yendawo yokuhlala, ke kwiLiyceum Bona POCC. Ngo-1860, umfana udibana ne-Edomon ePale, eya kuba ngumhlobo, i-biographer kunye nembongi yembongi. Ngo-1862, iimali zosapho lwe-verminov, kwaye uPaul, sele esiya kwi-bachelor yoncwadi, wangena esikolweni nomhlaba kwi-Arithmetic, ngethemba lokufika kwiCandelo lezeMali.
Phezu kwayo nje imigudu ethanjisiweyo yosapho, igama likaPawulos laqalisa ubomi bomzimba. Lo mfana usela, uhamba ezindlwini zikawonke-wonke, ufunde iBuchner ("amandla kunye nombandela"), utyelela iRiphar ricari. Kule salon, uTheodore de Banville, Augusk Ve Lill-Atan, Sully Ruddy, uJosé Mariada uElea, babe ngabaphathi.
Ngo-Agasti 1863, kwijenali "uphononongo lwenkqubela phambili", ukudalwa kwembongi encinci kunikezelwa kwiNkundla yabafundi okwesihlandlo sokuqala - i-sonnet ". Kwangelo xesha, lo mbongo, unxibelelane ngenkuthalo ebonakalayo, usebenza kuqala kwindawo ye-inshurensi, emva koko kwiholo yedolophu yaseParis.
Kwi-cime yowe-1865, utata wentsimi uyafa. Ngo-Epreli 1866, iivesi ezisibhozo ze-villine zihlala indawo yazo kwi-Nuntermes yemagazini yeParnas yanamhlanje, enika ama-Alphonse Inember. Ngo-Novemba wonyaka omnye, iinzame zika-Lemer naseKizina Velili, Eliza Mokombl (kuMtshato waseDuzallden), ingqokelela yokuqala yeViln "ivela. Ngo-1867, ukusweleka kukaElise ngo-1867, uPawulos wayekhathazekile kakhulu, ekhangela usindiso ezantsi kweglade.
Uncwadi
Emva kokuba "imibongo ye-Saturn", eyayingenayo kwaye imangalisa kwingoma yabo ye-Autumnindla ", i-Biography yeNdlela yeVilan ifumana amandla. Ngo-1867, imbongi isebenzisana neMagazini yaseSatir "kusenokwenzeka ukuba iZhuk". Ngo-1868, ubotshwe nge-puduuduumm, evelisa incwadi "yeentombi", ethi okhuthazayo ithintela kwaye itshabalalise inkundla. Inyani yile yokuba imibongo kwi "mantombazana" azinikezelwe kubudlelwane buka-Lesbia.
Incwadi yesibini yenye yeembongi ezithetha isiFrentshi ezithetha isiFrentshi ebizwa ngokuba "ngumthendeleko" weGalant "iphuma ngo-1869. Kunyaka kamva, ukudityaniswa okulandelayo kuyavela - "Ingoma elungileyo", yanikezelwa kwikamva likaMatiilde Moth.
Ngeentsuku zeParis Comm, i-Verlene isebenza kwi-ofisi kaSoor, kwisebe letywina. Ubhalela incwadi yakhe yesine yokuhamba eNgilane naseBelgium ngo-1872-1873, kwaye ekukhanyeni 'ka-Toulo Jonga ngo-1874.
Kuyaziwa ngabafundi abasanandipha umbongo kule buqokelelo "Intliziyo ethe cwaka ikhala." Yimfesane yokuba ukuthumelelana okukhethekileyo kwe-villon imibongo kunzima kakhulu ukudlulisela xa kudluliselwa naluphi na olunye ulwimi, nakwisiRashiya esisityebi.
Kwi-1874, uPaulin ubhala "ubugcisa bembongi" - uhlobo lweMiboniso ye-Insusto entsha yaseFransi. Igamar lihlala libhalwa ngendalo, kwaye imihlaba yakhe ifanelekile ngokupheleleyo iikomni eziqinisekileyo, ibonakalise ikakhulu imeko yomphefumlo. Lo ngumsebenzi "wocingo lomqolo ongenasiphelo", ukubethwa okuphezulu okusele kwinto yokuba kwinguqulelo yaseRussia "itsaliwe" ngaphandle kwesenzi esinye.
Ekupheleni kwe-1870s, iRelone ihlaziya amaxabiso obomi, kubandakanya nokholo kuThixo. Iziphumo zohlaziyo lwezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka iba yincwadi ethi "Ubulumko", epapashwe ngo-1881. Ngo-1885, ukuqokelelwa kwemibongo 'kube kanye kwaye kutsha nje "kwalandelwa" "nobulumko" ngo-1885, obaqokelele "ubugcisa bobumboli", kunye nengqokelela yamanqaku anobubele ". "Ibiwe" ngokombhali wamanqaku, wangena umrhwebi, uArthur Rambo nendinyana emininzi emine.
Ezi ziqhamo zilandelayo zokudala ubuchule zinokuqhayisa ngo-Aesthetics okhethekileyo, ukuqokelela "uthando" lwe-1888, "ulonwabo" kunye "neengoma kuye" ngo-1891. Ngendlela, "ubulumko", "uthando" kunye "nolonwabo" lubeka i-rictudical boetic.
Ubomi Buqu
Iminyaka elishumi, umhlobo wakhe, inkanuko yakhe, ubuntu bakhe - i-Artor Rambo yayinguVilan. U-Razbo oselula ngo-1871 wafumana inkalipho kwaye wabhala ileta enomdla eya kwimbongi esele yaziwe ngelo xesha, eyongeza imibongo yakhe kuye. Kwaye ngequbuliso wafumana isimemo saseParis, kwaye nento enomdla ye-amenistant yahlawula lo mfana.
Italente ye-nuggegege yephondo yazi uninzi, kodwa imbeko ishiye kakhulu ukuba inqwenele. Kungakhululekanga kakhulu, krwada, ukungakhathali, iMatsoyijike ivele kwaye inokukhokelela kwintsapho yakhe, yahlula inkosikazi yayo uMatilda, ngubani ngexesha lembongi yakhe sele ezalele unyana wakhe.
Isiphumo sohambo oludibeneyo ngumRoma noMatso baba "nothando ngaphandle kwamagama", kunye nesigwebo sejele kunye nendlela elandelayo eya kuThixo. Ikhululwe, i-verlene ngo-1875 yagqitywa ukudibana noRambo. Umhla kwi-stutttgart waphela ngengxabano, ebeka inqaku kubudlelwane babahlobo ababini kwaye, ngamarhe, abathandi.
Ukufa
Umfazi wacela uqhawulo-mtshato, zonke iinoveli ezilandelayo zombhali zazingaphumelelanga - ke ngehenyukazi, emva koko ke nomdanisi. I-Verlene Drank ininzi, impilo yakhe ishiye kakhulu ukuba inqwenele.
Ekupheleni kobomi, phantse lonke ixesha uPawulos walichitha ezibhedlele. NgoJanuwari 8, 1896, imbongi enkulu yaseFransi yabhujiswa kukona ukopha i-pulmonary.
I-Bibliography
Iingqokelela zePoeki
- Ngo-1866 - "Imibongo ye-Satton"
- Ngo-1869 - "uMthendeleko weGalnt"
- I-1870 - "Ingoma engathethekiyo"
- Ngo-1874 - "Unyango ngaphandle kwamagama"
- 1881 - "Ubulumko"
- I-1885 - "kanye kwaye kutshanje"
- 1888 - "Uthando"
- 1889 - "Ngokuhambelana"
- Ngo-1891 - "Ukonwaba"
- Ngo-1891 - "iingoma kuye"
- Ngo-1892 - "isidlo sangokuhlwa"
- Ngo-1894 - "Epigram" (ingqokelela yokugqibela ye-verlene).
Probe
- I-1884 - "iimbongi" eziqalekisiweyo "
- Ngo-1886 - "Amanqaku ookuhlolokazi"
- Ngo-1891 - "Izibhedlele zam"
- Ngo-1893 - "Intolongo Yam"