Biography
Vula uMichael Svetlov wayesaziwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi weGrenada, phantse wonke umntu wayesazi ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ii-atrourisms, iikowuti kunye ne-Epigram Svetlov yahluleka kwangoko. Babona imbongi eyayibonisa iingcinga zabantu abancinci banamhlanje. Igama le-Svetlova laba lelitsha, kuba umntwana wabona imbongi kuye eqonda amava okomoya nganye.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-mikhail chroaddevich sheinkman, owexesha elizayo wathabatha iPsetlovm yaseSvetlov, wazalwa nge-17 (4 yakudala) nge-1903 kwisixeko sase-Ekterini 19 Ngokusekwe kwi-Autobiography kaMikhail, utata kunye namaYuda athembisa iiperes zesebhoti waza wayithengisa ngeepawundi. Ingeniso ebangelweyo yayiqhubeka nemfundo yenkwenkwe, eyayifunda ngelo xesha wayefunda kwiSikolo samabanga aphantsi kakhulu. Ubuzwe, i-mikhail - umYuda.
Ngaphambi koko, inkwenkwana yayifunda ngelizwi, eyayihlawula i-ruble ezi-5. Ngenye imini, utata wafunda ukuba iiruble ezi-3 zathatha ii-ruble ezi-3 kwilali eselumelwaneni, yafika yathi ifilo ye-5 ye-5 yokufundisa idiploma yeRussia.
Njengoko uMikhail wathi, Ubomi bakhe beNkcubeko baqala ngalo mzuzu xa utata wakhe wazisa ibhegi enengoma yeklasikhi endlwini. Kulungile ukubaxabisa i-reapecks ezingama-60, kodwa iincwadi zazingenzelwanga kwaphela inkwenkwe. Inyani yile yokuba uMama Mikhail, uRachel Ileevna, wayedume ngaso sonke isixeko ngokuveliswa kwembewu ethosiweyo, kwaye iphepha lalifuneka kwi-Kulkov. Kodwa inkwenkwana enenkani yayifuna ukubazifunda kwaye iphumelele: Ezi ncwadi zaya ezincwadini emva kokufunda.
I-shainkmans iphila ngokungalunganga, intlawulo evela kwi-mikhail yokuqala ichithe isonka esikhulu sesonka esimhlophe, ukuze intsapho iyonke ingamsusa ukuba ayone. Lo msitho wayengaqhelekanga, owakhunjulwa ngonaphakade.
Isikolo sasendlebe sedolophu sokuqala somfana sasiphelile eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, emva kokuba ilungiselelwe ukusebenza kwi-comtanery yotshintshiselwano kunye nokufota kwabucala. Ngenxa yemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala kunye nohlaziyo luka-Okthobha, imbongi yexesha elizayo ayinakukwazi ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo. Emva, ngo-1919, uMikhail wayengomnye weza kuqala ukuya kwi-Komsomol. Kwiminyaka eli-16 ubudala, sele esebenze njengomhleli oyintloko wejenali yaseJunior Projectali kwaye wafumana isebe le-DNIPROPROVSK Sponge ye-Komsomol.
Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, uMikhail watyelela uMoscow ngo-1920 kunye nabahlobo bakhe M. Hungry noA. Njengomthunywa wentlanganiso yokuqala yesiRashiya. Ngelo xesha, abafana beza namagxamsi bazo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, bexelisa ubukrakra nabangamahlwempu.
UMikhail waphila ixesha elifutshane eKharkov, apho wafudukela eMoscow kwiminyaka emi-2 kwaye waya kufunda kwi-1 MGU. Kwakukho umntu oqhelene noEduard Pugrisky, owaba ngumhlobo kaMisikail iminyaka emininzi.
Uncwadi
Imibongo inkwenkwe yaqala ukubhala ngo-1917, umbongo wokuqala waseMikhail Svetlova wapapasha iphephandaba "Ilizwi lejoni" kwangalo nyaka. Emva kokufudukela kwikomkhulu, ingqokelela ye-Svetlova ishiywe emva kwenye: "Imibongo", "iingcambu", "rhabaxa", "ngobukrelekrele". Kule misebenzi, ubugorha kunye nothando bavavanywa ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya.
Kwimibongo yemfazwe, italente yonke ye-LOSLOV ibonakalisiwe. Ngo-1926, umsebenzi owodwa 'weGrenada "wadalwa, eyimbali yothando-yendlela yothando ngohlobo lombongo-ballad. Umsebenzi weGrenada wapapashwa kwiphephandaba iKommomolskaya yePravda nge-29 ka-1926, igama elithi wikhail savelev livakalise ilizwe liphela. Olu suku umbhali wayewuqwalasela usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe.
"IGrenada" yakhe yeza emphefumlweni yaze i-vladimir mayakovsky kunye ne-marina tsvetaeva. Impumelelo yalo msebenzi wawusongela ukukhanya ukuba yimbongi yombongo omnye, kuba ilizwe lonke laliya lazi "Grenada". Lo msebenzi wafundwa kwiihostele, amabhanti, kwizikwere, wayecula kwii-motifs ezidumileyo.
Ngo-1936, imfazwe yaqala eSpain. Kwi-Grenada edumileyo, i-mingail svetlov foresly biresly bires. Umbongo-we-ballad waguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi, kwaye yonke iYurophu yamngela kamsinya. Imbali ye-Nenalicution malunga neziganeko zelonstantin yeTonstantin Simonov ibizwa ngokuba "Grenada, Grenada, Grenada".
Incwadi elandelayo, "iintlanganiso zasebusuku", epapashwe ngo-1927, wabonakalisa i-alamu nokudideka kweminyaka. Kodwa eli xesha lentlekele laliziqhamo lalineziqhamo ze-mikhail. Umbhali wenza ingcinga yokuthantamisa, wayidibanisa nehlaya. Ixesha elingaphezulu, isimangalo saba yinto ebalulekileyo yobuchule kunye neNdlela yombhali.
I-skepticial mikhail malunga nenguqu kwi-NEP, ukonga umsebenzi wamalungelo abantu kunye nesibheno sembongi kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwaye ngelishwa ikhokelela ekugxekeni umsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1928, uMikhail Savelov wabekwa ngaphandle kwe-komsomol "ye-trotskyism".
Ngo-1935, i-mikhail svetlov yadala enye i-GestPriece - Lo mbongo "Kakshovka", nto leyo eyayisakamva yaba yingoma. Ngeli xesha, i-mikhail, imbongi esele yamkelweyo ye-lyrical, izibongozo kwidrama. Umdlalo wokuqala "weli phondo", wayigxeka "inyaniso". Ngo-1941, umdlalo othi "kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva," baboniswa ngabazingeli beSoviet kude kube le yokugqibela.
Ngo-1941, uSvetlov wenza indlela yakhe ngaphambili kwizithintelo, kuba bendingafuni ukuhamba kude nentlekele yendalo iphela. Inyani yokuba uMichael wayefuna indawo yenkonzo kukungqina amanqaku ayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi yeHlabathi, uSvetlov wakhonza njengomnxibelelanisi wephephandaba iRed Star, kwaye emva kokuba esebenza kumhlaba we-1 we-1.
Owona mbongo odumileyo womkhosi wayengumsebenzi 'wase-Italian ", omiselwe ngo-1943. Ngenxa yemfazwe, umdlalo "weSango lobuBranunburg" wabhalwa. Emsebenzini wakhe, uMikhail wathetha okuninzi malunga novukelo, malunga nothando nemfazwe.
Ebudeni-i-50s, emva kwekhefu elibalulekileyo, izibane zingumongo wemikhosi yokuyila. Kwimisebenzi yeli xesha, utshintsho oluvela kwingoma kwincoko yendalo iphawuleka. Umsebenzi wokugqibela wombhali yayiyincwadi ethi "Indlu yokuzingela", ikhutshwe ngo-1964.
Emva kokuba izibane zithathe isikhundla sikatitshala kwiZiko loLwazi, umbhali wayejikelezwa ngabafundi. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwabantu kule ndawo, umbhali wayengumntu onesizungu. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukuthandana kwembongi bangena kwinyani.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngokutsho kwemithombo ethile, kubomi bobuqu bukaMichael kwabathathu abafazi abathandayo. Owokuqala waba nguValentina, owayengu-1927 wanikezela umbongo. Emva kokuba uMikhail wadibana no-Elena, intombazana yayidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-Lenochka, umfazi olandelayo wasebenza njengombhali ngohlobo olufundileyo. Ukuhamba kuye, umfazi waphumelela kwi-quator yezomthetho. Ngo-1936, abantu abancinci babhabha, kwakungekho nabantwana kwisibini.
Ukudibana nomfazi wokugqibela-ukuzalwa kukaHeraklian Amirhegibi - kwenzeka ngo-1938. Kwikomkhulu, kwiholide yokuqala, intombazana entle kubathunywa baseGeorgia yathunyelwa ukuba ibonise isipho esivela kwilizwe lasekhaya, i-stalin.
Ekwemini yokugqibela iinyani zempikiswano zivela kwi-biography yentombazana: Imvelaphi yenkosana, utata uyacinezelwa kwaye wafa entolongweni. Nangona kunjalo, kwisikwere esibomvu, ukuzalwa ngokuhamba, kodwa akazange ayivumele is stalin.
Lo mfazi wayenobuhle obumangalisayo, eGeorgia amantombazana abizwa ngokuba yigama lakhe lasebukhosini. Usebenze njengomphathi-mkhosi, wabamba isikhundla sikatitshala eVgika kwaye wabhala meko. Ngo-1939, uNyana noMikhail wayenonyana - uAlexander (Sandro) waseSvetlov, owaba ngumphathi nomphathi kwixesha elizayo. Emva koko, ukuzalwa kwakutshatile ne-Bruno Pontecorv.
Ukufa
I-mikhail ikhrisyevich svetlova izele ngokwenene yi-paradees. I-svetle yayihlala isemthunzini, ayifani nepompousas kunye ne-Presidium. Yonke imali efunyenweyo, le ndoda ikhutshiwe ebantwini kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yahlala ingenamali. Uprinte ubomi bakhe bonke ekufumaneni ulungiso lomatshini. Umbhali akazange atsale umnxeba, wayebathanda abantu, kodwa wazama ukubambelela ecaleni ngenxa yokuthozama kwendalo.
Kangangeminyaka emininzi, isiyobisi kwicuba alizange lidlule kwisipho-ukukhanya kufunyaniswa ukuba sinomhlaza wemiphunga. Nditsho neqabane elingenakuphembelela i-svetlov evuthuzayo kwaye imenze ayeke ukutshaya. Ukuba ngumntu onesifo-mntu, wadamba ngokugula kwakhe, kuba wayengafuni ukuphazamisa izithandwa zakhe. Xa sisesibhedlele, ngenye imini wabuza uLidiya Ledinskaya ukuba amzise ibhiya, "kwaye sele ndinomhlaza!" -Uthetha uSlotov.
Imbongi yasweleka ngoSeptemba 28, ngo-1964 eMoscow, eshiya umdlalo ongamkelekanga wawunikezelwe ekuphumeni. I-mikhail chroadyevich ingcwatyelwe kumangcwaba e-Novodevichy. Iminyaka emi-3 emva kokusweleka kwe-SVTTLOV, ekuphela kwebhaso elinikezelwe kwangaphambili ngeposi - ibhaso le-leninist phantsi kwecandelo "imibongo".
Imemori
- Ngo-1964 - uthathe inxaxheba kwisiqendu se-poetic ngokuhlwa kwi-polytechnic kwifilimu yobugcisa "Zasva Ilylich".
- Nge-5 ka-Okthobha ngo-1965-Isigqibo seBhunga labaPhathiswa kwiThala leeNcwadi loLutsha lweSixeko se-RFSR seSixeko saseRSDR. Namhlanje yithala leencwadi lolutsha eliphakathi. M. A. Svetlova, eyaziwa ngokuba "svetlovka".
- Ngo-1968 - ogama linguCinematic Uwase I-Liner "Mikhail Svetlov" kwifilimu yobugcisa "yedayimane yedayimane".
- Ngo-1985 - ogama linguMlambo inqanawa "Mikhail Svetlov" (iRussia). Iifoto zinokufumaneka kwi-Intanethi.
- Ngo-1985 -ifilimu amaxwebhu "Iintlanganiso neMikhail Svetlov"
- Ngo-2003 -Uncwadi "igama elihle, imbeko ephezulu. Mikhail svetlov "
- Igama le-mikhail sanclov libizwa ngokuba zizitrato ezininzi kwizixeko ze-USSR, kunye ne-svetlovma microdisfissist kwisixeko saseKaphovka.
- Igama le-mikhail svetlova lithinjwe yinye yeendawo zokutyela ze-Moscow Hort Izmaivo Props "Delta Gamma".
- Kwingingqi ye-UST-ilsk yengingqi ye-Irkutsk ezukiswa ngumbongo othi "Grenada", iklabhu ibizwa, nesitrato apho i-M. Svelova.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1923 - "Rails"
- Ngo-1923 - "imibongo malunga neRebi
- Ngo-1924 - "imibongo"
- Ngo-1925 - "iingcambu"
- Ngo-1927 - "Iintlanganiso zasebusuku"
- Ngo-1927 - "ngobukrelekrele"
- Ngo-1928 - "Indlela enkulu"
- Ngo-1929 - "Incwadi yemibongo"
- Ngo-1929 - "imibongo ekhethiweyo"
- Ngo-1930 - "Grenada"
- Ngo-1931 - "gorny"
- Ngo-1936 - "IPHONDO"
- Ngo-1939 - "fairy tale"
- Ngo-1942 - "amashumi amabini anesibhozo"
- Ngo-1942 - "Utata wasekhaya lamaHewees"
- Ngo-1942 - "imibongo malunga noLisa Chaykina"
- Ngo-1957 - "imibongo kunye nemidlalo".
- Ngo-1958 - "Ingoma ye-Apple"
- Ngo-1959 - "tizon"
- Ngo-1962- "Ndiluncumo!"
- Ngo-1964 - "Uthando lweeorenji ezintathu"
- Ngo-1964 - "Indlu yokuzingela"