Biography
Malunga neemfanelo zeNiccolo Makiavelli Phambi kwe-Itali ye-Itali kunye nebali elipheleleyo lingabhalwa kwaye lithethe ngokungafihlisiyo. Kwezopolitiko, ukucinga okuhle kunye nombhali bashiyile emva konyango olukhethekileyo, bedlala, ukuqiqa, imisebenzi ye-lyculal. I-Maiavelli Ibhaliwe kwiLitye:Akukho sifoh esibonisa ubukhulu beli gama.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwi-maciavelli biegraphy, azikho izibakala ezininzi malunga nabazali kunye neminyaka yabantwana. UNiccolo wazalelwa ngo-1469, kaMeyi 3. Wayehlala nosapho lwakhe kwilali yaseSan Cazano-in-val dissa (uFlorence). I-Bartolomet kamama di Stefano Nelies yabantwana abane: i-primarabi, iMargarita, iNiccolo kunye neTotto. Utata wosapho, uBernardo Diacola Makiavelli, wenziwe njengegqwetha.
Ifani i-maciavelli yenye yezona zinto zakudala kwaye zibalulekile eTuscany, kodwa isihloko asichaphazeli imeko yezemali. Igqwetha yosapho laphila kakubi. Imfundo ivumele le ndoda ukuba ifundele iklasikhi kwisiLatin nase-Itali (i-Ishumi Libya, Joseph Flavius, Cicero, Gecedomij Macrobium). Ulwimi lwakudala lwesiGrike lwalungazazanga, kodwa wafunda imisebenzi kaPlutarha, uFokisid, Polybia kwinguqulelo yesiLatin.
Kwibhayiloji ye-niccolo Makiavelli hayi iziqendu ezininzi zobuntwana. Ukuqiqa ngokwakhe wabhala ukuba ulutsha lunomdla kwezopolitiko kwaye aluzange luhlale lungenamdla kwimeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Kwiziganeko ezingalibalekiyo: Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Italiya Charles VIII, usapho lwe-Medisi ekuthinjweni, iimbono zolawulo zomthetho kunye ne-MOK Girolamo Savonarolarola.
Ngendlela, kwileta esenzelwe iRiridordo Becky (Ambadoor eFlorence eRoma), iMakiavelli ngokugqwesileyo kwizenzo zeSavonarola.
Emva kokugxothwa kwePirodi eLorenzo Detrati, uNyana woMongameli ongu-State uLorenzi Macunident), kwinyaniso ye-Star Stason kwiNtloko yeFlorence, yayiyiSavonarounds eNgeyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo weMakieDilli entsha engahambelani.
Uncwadi
Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi weNiccolo Makiavelli Wike kwixesha lezinto ezikhathazayo: UPhezulu wayenethuba lokuba ngumkhosi, kwaye amanye amazwe ayesemandleni (iFrance, uBukhosi baseRoma). Imibutho yabasebenzi yayihlala ithathelwa indawo, oonogada batshintshelele ecaleni kotshaba, kwaye abasemagunyeni batshintsha kanye iiveki ezimbalwa, i-PAL ROME.
Ngo-1498, uMakiavelli waqalisa ukusebenza njengonobhala njengonobhala kunye ne-ambasamodor kwaye wagcina ubunkokeli emva kokuphunyezwa kweSavolarola. Ukusukela nge-1502, ukucinga ukuba baqwalasele iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphumelela kwezopolitiko inani lezopolitiko le-Cedorjia. Nangona bezama ukumisela ilizwe lakhe kumbindi we-Itali yase-Itali kwaye wathwaxwa yi-fiasco, uMachiavelli wayethandwa kakhulu ziindlela zezopolitiko.
Inkohlakalo kwaye iqinile kwizigqibo zeBorgia ijonge ngobuchule izibonelelo zayo nayiphi na imeko, eyenziwe yethutyana. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo udityaniswe kunye neembono zikaMachiavelli. Kwezinye iimbekiselo zembali, kukho izimvo ezigunyazisiweyo ukuba unyaka osondeleyo kunye ne-Cesare Borjia NCOLO ziyifumana umbono wokulawula urhulumente, ngaphandle kweziseko zokuziphatha. Emva koko uthatha ukuqala kokusekwa kweMfundiso kaRhulumente, uboniswe kamva kwiPhambili "yoMongami".
Ngexesha lokuphinda kwenziwe kwakhona, ukuphuculwa kwentanda-bulumko yendalo kukufumana amandla ngexesha lokufunyanwa kwesayensi. Izimvo zaphakathi kunye nemibono yiya ngasemva, zinika indlela kwiimfundiso ezintsha. Impembelelo enkulu yeethiyori zikaLeonardo da Vinci, copernicus naseKuzansky. Ngoku uThixo uchongwe kwindalo.
I-Coups yezopolitiko kunye nempumelelo yesayensi ayinakukwazi kodwa ichaphazele imisebenzi kaMachiavelli. Ngo-1513, kwezopolitiko wangena phantsi njengecebo lelenstic. Ityala alikhange lingqine, uMakiavelli wayekhululekile. Ngeli xesha, uqalisa ukusebenzisa imvumelwano.
"Umlawuli" ayisiyonto inkulu yomsebenzi emininzi, kodwa incwadi encinci eyenze igama elithi iNiccolo Makiavelli. Olu nyango luvakalise umbono ophambili wezopolitiko yase-Italiya: ukomelela kunye nokubanda ngaphezulu kweMilinganiselo yokuziphatha yoorhulumente. Egameni lenjongo efanelekileyo, enyamezelayo, sokuziphatha kuya ngasemva.
Incwadi yabona ukukhanya kuphela emva kokusweleka kombhali. Abantu ababephila ngexesha labo kwaye babenembali abaninzi baye bachukumisa uMariavelli njengocinezelo olwenziweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abaxhasi beembono zomcinga abakuthatha njengentando yesininzi. I-Anthropology yezopolitiko ichaza ezopolitiko njengomntu onesimilo esiqaqambileyo sesilwanyana esikwaziyo ukulibala malunga nokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha ukuze kungenelwe bona nabantu.
"Mongameli", obhalwe malunga ne-1513 (akukho datha ichanekileyo malunga noku), sisikhokelo kulawulo lukarhulumente ngenkcazo eneenkcukacha, indlela yokugcina kwaye isebenzise amandla. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, inkosi yayithathelwa ingqalelo njengomntu.
Imisebenzi yeNicolo Maquavelli yigalelo elikhethekileyo kwintlalo kunye nesayensi yezopolitiko. Ukucinga okucingelwa ngu-Italiya kuqala kubeke umbono wokuba umntu ngamnye unyanzelekile ukuba athwale emkhosini. Malunga noku - emsebenzini "kubugcisa boMkhosi".
Ukongeza kwizenzo malunga namandla e-State kunye nezopolitiko, ooMachiavelli banolunye uncwadi. Ngo-1518, umkhwenkwe wabhalwa nguLa Mandragola (Mandragora). Ngo-1965, ukuguquguquka kukaMandragora kupapashwa ngeCawe kaKaliyo, eyayingaxhasi inkosikazi yegqwetha likaNiki. I-Lucretia ayifumaneki kwaye ikratshi. Kodwa kwintsapho yaseMqwecyer Intaba: Iqabane lobuhle alinakekelo. I-Mellimah ithembisa ukunyanga izifo kwingcambu yeMandragora nobuqili bafezekisa ubusuku obuhlanganyelweyo kunye noLuctoria.
Inkqubo ye-Nikcolo Makiavelli isekwe kuphela kumava kunye nokujonga. Ukushumayela intanda-bulumko ebalulekileyo, ethathela ingqalelo ukucinga, unokuqonda kuphela nangokufanelekileyo. Umsebenzi weFilosofi yase-Italiya kudala wadityaniswa ngeendlela kunye nee-atrorisms. Kunzima ukuphepha igalelo lakhe kwibali.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebusika, i-1501, iDiplomat yeDiploatlli yeza kuFlorence kunye noMyalezo olandelayo wombuso. Apho kwaye bakhetha iMarietta Diagi Corsni, intombazana evela kwintsapho ihlwempuzekileyo.
Lo mtshato wawuluncedo, okokuqala, ukuphucula intlalo-ntle yeentsapho ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqabane bushushu. UMarietta wazala abantwana abahlanu.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akukuphazami kwimigaqo-nkqubo yohambo lwangaphandle ukwenza ubudlelwane abaninzi bothando nabanye abantu basetyhini.
Ukufa
UNikola Makielli wanikezela ngobomi bakhe bomsebenzi kunye nezopolitiko, i-Grezil malunga nokuchuma kweFlorence. Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye kulindelweyo olufanelekileyo. Ngo-1527, amaSpaniards aphangwe iRoma, kwaye amandla okutshintshiselatha akasafuneki i-Makiavelli.
Le minyhadala iyashukumisa impilo yokucinga. NgoJuni 1527, uNicolo ufile. Ukufa kweza eSan Kasano (kufutshane neFlorence). Uphi umngcwabo we-Italiyane, akukho mntu akanakuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, eFlorence, kwiCawe yoMnqamlezo oNgcwele, kukho ilitye lengcwangu kwimemori kaMachiavelli.
Ngo-2012, ifilimu yoxwebhu olungalibalekiyo kwimemori yeNiccolo Makiavelli isusiwe.
Ukongeza, isazisi se-Itali esikhulu sikhankanywe kwifilimu nakwiirilaris. Phakathi kwabo: "UBomi uLeonardo da Vinci", "i-Borgia", i-Nikolala Makiavelli - iNkonga Lopolitiko. " Igama likaMachiavelli lingafiyo kuncwadi lobugcisa (i-Someriet Mooeem "Ke ngoku", umgcini weemfihlo zeBorgia ").
I-Bibliography
- I-1499 - I-Dace Disno Sopra Le Cose Disa
- I-1502 - "Ukwenza inyathelo kunye nabahlali abavukeli kwiValliKayan"
- I-1502 - "Inkcazo ye-due valentine vittle vittta da fi da fi da fi da fermo, signora paolo noDoke Gravina Ordi"
- I-1502 - I-Dasco SOPRA LE Dissione del Danaro
- I-1513 - "Somhlen"
- I-1518 - i-mandragora
- I-1520 -Chesso Sopra il Riformare LOO Finennze
- I-1531 - "Imbalelwano kwishumi leminyaka yokuqala ye-tity libya"