Biography
Umbhali wenoveli, imbongi kunye nomdlandla uRyaca Akutacawa - omnye wabahlaziyi bakaJapan oneencwadi ezineencwadi eziziincwadi zaqalisa ukuvela ngesiNgesi. I-Akutacawa ayibhalanga imisebenzi enkulu, kwisitayile inokubizwa ngokuba yintembelo ngokuzithemba, wayedla ngokuhlala kwimixholo yoloyiko nokufa. Ngaphandle kwebhayiloji emfutshane, i-ryunca ishiye igalelo elikhulu kwimibongo yexesha lakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wexesha elizayo iRyoca Acutawa wazalwa ngoMatshi 1, 1892 eTokyo, igama lenkwenkwe libonisa "inamba". Xa uRyunca wazalwa, umama wayesele enenciniba kangangeminyaka engama-30, kwaye uYise iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40. UPope Boy warhweba ubisi, wayenamadlelo akhe ngaphandle kweTokyo.
Ngelo xesha, amaJapan ekholelwa ukuba ukuzalwa komntwana kubantu ababesele beneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, uphawu olubi. Ke ngoko, ukulandela isiko lakudala, abazali bazenza ngathi yinkwenkwe. Yonke le nto ihlengahlengiswa kuphela ngenxa yeenkolelo.
Xa umntwana ebeneminyaka eli-9 ubudala, abazali bamnika ukuba akhuliswe kwintsapho yalomntwana womntwana omkhulu wase-Guma - Mitiaki Akutagawa, obambe isikhundla secandelo le-Tokyo. Ke inkwenkwe yaphulukana negama laseNihara yaza laba le yuchagava.
Umntwana uphulukene nonina kwasebusaneni, abaneminyaka eli-10. Wayephambene ngenxa yokufa kwentombi endala kwaye wazibulala kwisibhedlele sengqondo. Esi sifo nokufa kukanina kubo bonke ubomi babo sahlala senzakalisa umbhali. Wayedla ngokuqiqa malunga nokugula ngokomoya kwaye wayesoyika kakhulu ingozi efanayo.
Ookhokho beentsapho apho inkwenkwe yayifumene ababhali kunye nezazinzulu, ke abalandeli bazama ukubambelela kwizithethe zamandulo. Apha bekuthanda ukupeyinta kunye nemibongo yamaxesha ngamaxesha, yabona indlela yakudala yobomi, esekwe kukungathobeki ngaphandle kwesahluko sendlu.
Ngo-1910, umfana onesidanga kwisikolo saseTokyo esikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, wayengomnye wabaphumeleleyo. Uryoca wakhetha uncwadi lwesiNgesi, ukubhalisa kwikholeji yokuqala kwisebe lencwadi.
Emva kweminyaka emi-3, i-Acutagawa iphumelele kwikholeji kwaye yangena kwiYunivesithi yaseBritane yeTokyo. URYunca kunye nabahlobo bakhe, ababhali bexesha elizayo - Kumuti, Kikuti hiroshi no-Yamoto Yuji, omazi konke okuhamba koncwadi lwaseNtshona. Babedla ngokukhupha imbambano malunga noluphi na umkhombandlela opheleleyo kwako konke ukuhambelana nezicelo zeentsuku zabo. Iiklasi eyunivesithi zicaphukisa umbhali we-novice: Ekuqaleni, iintetho zabonakala zingambanjwa, yaye kamva waphoxeka waza watyeka kwaphela.
Uncwadi
Kungekudala iRyawche kunye nabahlobo banomdla ngemba magazini yesono. Upapasho olunamalungelo kwizikhundla zokugxekwa kwesikolo sendalo, abameli balo babizwa ngokuba "zii-Anti-Indalo". Baqhubeka ngokuyintloko kwixabiso loncwadi njengobuchwephesha, bakhusela ilungelo lokufumana intsingiselo yoncwadi kunye nebali elingathethekiyo.
Ngapha koko, bafuna ukungabikho kwe-monotony kwaye babuxabisile kakhulu ukubonakaliswa komfanekiso, ukuxhomekeka kolwimi. I-Akutagawa kunye nabantu abanentliziyo yakhe babeyindlela yokuyila babeyindlela yokuvakalisa uNerearealism. Ibali lokuhlelwa "Indoda endala" lapapashwa kwijenali yabo ngo-1914, ububi bombhali buphawulwe kuqala. Ukuthandwa kwe-acutahagaga kuhlisele amabali avela kwi-jajieval japan "wesango lesango", "impumlo" kunye "nomgubo wesihogo".
Ebutsheni, ababhali baseJapan beMaidzi nakwiincwadi zoncwadi lwaseYurophu zazinempembelelo enamandla kwi-ryunca. Imbongi yayiqondakale kakuhle kuncwadi lwaseRussia. Ibali likaNikolai Gogol "Shinel" i-RYNAL ye-RYUNCA YOKUGQIBELA Umsebenzi weWadshishnep, obhalwe ngo-1921, abalinganiswa abaphambili kuyo yayiyingonyama iTolstoy ne-Ivan Turgenev.
Uninzi lwabagxeki lubandakanya ukuvela kwezi ngxelo ngexesha apho uRyty waxinezeleka ngenxa yothando olubi. Wayefuna ukungquba kwihlabathi elingelilo, ukuguqula inyani.
Ikhuthazo lakhe kunye nomcebisi kumbhali-Akutagawa ethathe i-Sokesusa Sokesus, awayedibana nabo eyunivesithi. Iinoveli zokuqala zazinomdla kwiinkosi, kwaye ngelo xesha wayethathwa njengenye yeengcali zoncwadi oluziNgesi lokuqalisa kwenkulungwane yama-20. Izenzo zomntu ngamnye zokuyila ze-Natuma zihluma kwimisebenzi ye-Acutaba: indawo yokuziphatha yamaqhawe, umba we-egoas njengengxaki yoluntu iyonke, i-State eJapan ".
Emva kokuphumelela kwiDyunivesithi yaseAkutagawa, wafumana isikhundla sotitshala wesiNgesi kwisikolo se-Naval. Le minyaka, uRyunca uza kubhala kwimixholo malunga notitshala uYasukiti - umntu onyanisekileyo, kodwa osasazeke osoloko uwela kwiimeko ezifunakayo. Kwiinyanga ezili-9 zokufundisa, malunga nokuqokelela ii-Aphorisms, iikowuti kunye nezincoko zadalwa. Kubo umbhali wathetha ngaye:
Andinasazela. Ndineemvakalelo kuphela.Ngeli xesha, ubhala ngobunyulu wangaphakathi kunye nomntu owonwabisayo emntwini. Ichaphazela isihloko sobugwenxa besiKhokelo esingaboniyo, esibonakaliswa kwimbali enomxholo othi "Madonna kwimnyama".
Ngo-1919, umbhali waqalisa ukusebenza kwi-Osaka Minity Simbun Iphephandaba. Njengembalelwano ekhethekileyo, i-ryunche ithumele iinyanga ezi-4 eTshayina. Ukufumana apho, kwaba buhlungu umbhali: Wabuyela ediniwe, konke ukubandezeleka ngenxa ye-insomnia kunye nengxaki ye-nevorous.
Emva kokupapashwa kwebali "Ngakumbi", indlela yokubhala yokubhala umbhali itshintshe ngokupheleleyo. Imixholo yemisebenzi iye yaba ngaphezulu kwemihla ngemihla, kwaye isitayile sichanekile kwaye siyaqondakala.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwiyunivesithi yase-Ryoun eyenze isicelo sezandla kunye neentliziyo zamaqanda kaJoshid, kodwa utata wokwamkela uTata. Umbhali wamphulaphula, ngoko ke ubomi buka-Acutagava bunxulumana nomnye umfazi. NgoMatshi ngo-1919, i-ryoca kunye ne-fumi kimoto yayingena kumtshato osemthethweni.
Esi sibini sasinonyana abathathu: umntwana wokuqala uHiroshi wazalwa ngoMatshi 30, 1920, umhla wokuzalwa komntwana wesibini eTakashi-kaNovemba, ngo-1922, kwaye umntwana wesithathu kaYaksi wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1925. Kwixa elizayo, uYaksi waba ngumqambi, kwaye uHiroshi ngumdlali weqonga odumileyo. Ngokutsho kukaTakashi, wayengumfundi, kodwa lo mfana wacela inkonzo emkhosini. Lo mfo walwa eMyanmar, apho wasweleka khona ngo-1945.
Umfazi wombhali wasweleka nge-11 kaSeptemba we-11, 1968 ngenxa yokuvalwa kweMyocardial.
Ukufa
Kwimveliso ye-Autobiographical "amavili eegishi", umbhali wachaza ukuba izinto zakhe ezibonakala ngathi azithandayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje yobomi, i-Acutagava yayineengcinga ezigwenxa ngokuzibulala, yafumana intetho kwimisebenzi "yobomi be-idiot" kunye "nonobumba onomhlobo wakudala." Emva kokuqiqa okuhamba ngendlela kunye nendawo yokufa, nge-24 kaJulayi ngo-1927, iRyaca Akutagawa wazibulala naye, wamkela idosi yeveroneal, engahambelani nobomi.
Ngaphambi koko, yena, ngaphandle kokuthatha, esebenza kwidesika, kwanaxa ubusuku bangoJulayi 23 ukuya kuJulayi 24 ngefestile yeKhabhinethi, kwangcwatywa ukukhanya, kwaye kusasa ngengomso wafunyanwa efile. Ukufa kombhali kwabahlobo kunye nabantu oqhelileyo, kodwa akuzange kube lomangaliso, kuba iRyunca ihlala ithetha ngokuzibulala.
Nangona kunjalo, isizathu sokuba lo mthetho wawusaziwa, abanye bathetha ngenkxalabo engacacanga ngombhali. Mhlawumbi oku kungenxa yeenkumbulo ezibuhlungu zokusweleka kukamama okanye ngohlobo lobugcisa kunye nobushushu bomntu. I-Akutagawa iphinde yathi wayehlala wabona amawele akhe ezitratweni.
Ngo-1935, umhlobo wombhali, umbhali kunye nomshicileli i-kikuta kan bamisela ibhaso loncwadi elibizwa ngokuba yiRYunca Akutagawa. Kanye ngonyaka wanikwa ngoncwadi olutsha lokuthandana. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-2016, uthotho lwe-anime "lwasuswa, apho i-ryounca akutagawa yaba yi-prototype yomlinganiswa ophambili. Ifoto yegorha inokubonwa kwi-Intanethi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1914 - "Indoda endala"
- Ngo-1915 - "Isango leRasloon"
- Ngo-1916 - "Impumlo"
- Ngo-1916 - i-Batata Porridge
- Ngo-1916 - "I-Nasal Handkerchichief"
- Ngo-1916 - "Icuba noMtyholi"
- Ngo-1917 - "Jam kanaphakade"
- Ngo-1917 - "i-fantasy inxulumene"
- Ngo-1917 - "Ukonwaba"
- Ngo-1917 - "ukuphanga"
- Ngo-1918 - "Pautnka"
- Ngo-1918 - "isihogo selolo"
- Ngo-1918 - "Ukufa kukaMkristu"
- Ngo-1919 - "Izinja kunye nempempe"
- Ngo-1919 - "ubomi beSt Cyrushoshor"
- Ngo-1919 - "Imimangaliso yomlingo"
- Ngo-1919 - "I-Mandarins"
- Ngo-1920 - "ekwindla"
- Ngo-1920 - "uKenting Krestu"
- Ngo-1920 - "UThixo wase-Agni"
- Ngo-1921 - "Ngakumbi"
- Ngo-1922 - "Jikelele"
- Ngo-1922 - "iTrolley"
- Ngo-1922 - "Imakethi yeentlanzi"
- Ngo-1922 - iBaryshsh rokundiamia
- Ngo-1923-1927 - "Amagama oPagmy"
- Ngo-1923 - "Idabi leMonkey nge-crab"
- Ngo-1925 - "isiqingatha sobomi boDodi"
- Ngo-1926 - "iTestamente"
- Ngo-1927 - "Kwilizwe lamanzi"
- Ngo-1927 - "amavili akhuselayo"
- Ngo-1927 - "Ubomi be-Idiot"
- Ngo-1927 - "Abantu baseNtshona"